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Article published In: International Journal of Chinese Linguistics
Vol. 6:2 (2019) ► pp.325–344

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限定性和汉语主句

 | Leiden University

Article language: Chinese

Published online: 14 January 2020
DOI logo with link
https://doi.org/10.1075/ijchl.19002.syb
摘要
本文通过对含有光杆动宾结构和体标记的汉语非自足句的考察，提出这些句子不合法的原因在于它们都是非限定句。在对非限定句做出的功能定义的基础上，本文指出事件句的时间理解需要三类抽象“时间”，即事件时间（Situation Time, SitT），声称/指称时间（Topic/Reference Time, TT），和说话时间（Utterance Time, UT）。在此基础上，我们进一步指出限定句的骨架的必有成分包括 CP, TP, AspP 和 VP（即 VP-e）。因此，本文讨论的句子之所以不合法，可以归因于骨架的不完整。同时，本文也检验了几种修补该类句子的手段，指出其目的多是加强了谓语的潜在的事件性，以满足限定事件句骨架的需要。由此，本文提出了一种分析汉语非自足句的新的理论框架。
Abstract
Finiteness and Chinese main clauses
This paper is about the type of sentences which consist of a subject, a simple eventive verb followed by an aspectual marker, and a bare object. These sentences are generally considered incomplete or ungrammatical. The approach taken here is that they are degraded because they are non-finite. Taking a functional definition of a finite sentence as the point of departure (a finite sentence can independently refer to events in the extra-linguistic world), this paper uses the Reichenbach-Klein framework to determine that a finite sentence must contain CP, TP, AspP and a VP containing an event role (e-role). This e-role must be bound by an aspectual marker. It is argued that what may be wrong with the “incomplete” sentences is that either one of these elements is missing or there is something wrong with the connection between them. What plays a crucial role in these sentences is that there is a mismatch between the bareness of the predicate, which suggests a stative or habitual interpretation, and the presence of an aspect marker, which is incompatible with such a predicate, because it lacks the relevant e-role, so that there is nothing for the aspect marker to bind. It is shown that all measures that can be taken to “complete” these sentences have the function of bringing out the e-role, thus undoing the mismatch. This paper relies heavily of the work done by others, such as Kǒng, Lìngdá 孔令达 (1994). Yǐngxiǎng Hànyǔ jùzi zìzú de yǔyán xíngshì 影响汉语句子自足的语言形式 [Language forms influencing the self-sufficiency of Chinese sentences]. Zhōngguó Yǔwén 中国语文 61, 434–440.Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar, Hé, Yáng 贺阳 (1994). Hànyǔ wánjù chéngfēn chūtàn 汉语完句成分初探 [Exploring sentence-completing elements in Chinese]. Yǔyán Jiàoxué yǔ Yánjiū 语言教学与研究 41, 26–38.Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar, Hú, Jiànhuá 胡建华 and Shí Dìngxǔ 石定栩 (2005). Wánjù tiáojiàn yǔ zhǐchēng tèzhēng de yǔnzhǔn 完句条件与指称特征的允准 [Conditions on sentence completion and the licensing of referential features]. Yǔyán Kēxué 语言科学 4/51, 42–49.Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar, Gù, Yáng 顾阳 (2008). Shí tài, shízhì lǐlùn yǔ Hànyǔ shíjiān cānzhào yánjiū 时态、时制理论与汉语时间参照研究 [Tense, tense theory and time reference in Chinese]. In Shěn Yáng 沈阳, Féng Shènglì 冯胜利 (eds.) Dāngdài yǔyánxué lǐlùn hé Hànyǔ yánjiū 当代语言学理论和汉语研究 [Current linguistic theories and studies in Chinese], 97–119. Běijīng Shāngwù yìnshūguǎn 北京商务印书馆.Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar and Tsai, Wei-tien Dylan. (2008). Tense anchoring in Chinese. Lingua, 1181, 675–686. Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar. What is new is the connection with finiteness.
Article outline
  • 1.引言
  • 2.限定性
  • 3.自足句的骨架：第一步
  • 4.骨架：初步总结
  • 5.自足句的骨架：第二步
    • 5.1UT, TT, SitT
    • 5.2AspP, TP
  • 6.自足句的骨架：结论
  • 7.回到非自足句和它非限定的假设
  • 8.句末词的位置
  • 9.总结和结论
  • 致谢
  • 笔记
  • 參考文獻
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