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Article published In: International Journal of Chinese Linguistics
Vol. 12:1 (2025) ► pp.117–175

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增价型使役态的形态句法研究

——基于类型学视角

 | Nanjing Forestry University | Ecole des Hautes Études en Sciences Sociales

Article language: Chinese

Published online: 10 June 2025
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https://doi.org/10.1075/ijchl.00056.ge
抽象的
基于族系和地理分布的相对均衡性，本文选取44种语言，含孤立语、黏着语、融合语和复综语各11种，考察增价型使役态的形态类型、能产性、语言及区域分布情况，通过计量方法归纳出多条优势序列。随后，文章讨论了增价型使役态中役事的句法地位与编码类型，发现4种实现方式：(a) 只作核心宾语，编码类型含无格标记、宾格、通格等；(b) 只作非核心宾语，编码类型含间接宾语标记、与格、工具格、方向格等；(c) 既可作核心宾语，也可作非核心宾语，编码类型包括无格标记/与格、宾格/与格、通格/旁格等；(d) 句法缺省。最后，文章分析了增价型使役态中影响役事句法实现的因素有“双宾语限制”的句法制约和役事施事性强弱的语义制约。
Abstract
The morphosyntax of valency-increasing causatives: A typological perspective
Based on the relative balance of geographical and genealogical distribution, this article selects 44 languages of 11 kinds each from isolating languages, agglutinative languages, fusional languages, and polysynthetic languages, to examine the morphological types, productivity, as well as language and areal distributions of valency-increasing causatives. Through quantitative methods, it finds multiple preferred tendencies. Then, it discusses the syntactic status and coding types of the causee in valency-increasing causatives, identifying four patterns of their syntactic realization: (a) only as a core object, encoded by zero case marker, accusative, or absolutive case, etc.; (b) only as a non-core object, encoded by indirect object marker, dative case, instrumental case, allative case, etc.; (c) either as a core object or a non-core object, encoded by zero case marker/dative case, accusative case/dative case, absolutive case/adjuct case, etc.; (d) syntactic omission. Finally, the article analyzes the factors that affect the syntactic realization of the causee in valency-increasing causatives, including the syntactic constraint of “double object restriction” and the semantic constraint of the causee’s agency.
Article outline
  • 一、引言
  • 二、研究框架
    • 2.1使役态的传统形态类型分类
    • 2.2增价型使役态和非增价型使役态
      • 2.2.1增价型使役态
      • 2.2.2非增价型使役态
    • 2.3使役标记的来源
    • 2.4增价型使役态的能产性
  • 三、语言样本与语料来源
  • 四、数据分析
    • 4.1增价型使役态的形态类型
      • 4.1.1孤立型增价使役态
      • 4.1.2融合型增价使役态
      • 4.1.3黏着型增价使役态
        • 4.1.3.1前缀型
        • 4.1.3.2后缀型
      • 4.1.4混合型增价使役态
    • 4.2增价型使役态中役事的句法地位与格编码
      • 4.2.1派生于不及物动词的增价型使役态中的役事
      • 4.2.2派生于及物动词的增价型使役态中的役事
        • 4.2.2.1役事作核心宾语
        • 4.2.2.2役事作非核心宾语
        • 4.2.2.3役事既可作核心宾语，也可作非核心宾语
        • 4.2.2.4役事缺省
  • 五、讨论
    • 5.1增价型使役态区域分布、形态类型与能产性类型的优势序列
      • 5.1.1增价型使役态语言及区域分布的优势序列
      • 5.1.2增价型使役态形态类型的优势序列
      • 5.1.3增价型使役态能产性类型的优势序列
    • 5.2增价型使役态中役事句法实现的制约因素
      • 5.2.1增价型使役态的论元结构与双及物结构的关联性
      • 5.2.2役事的格标记等级及其与语义的关联性
  • 六、结论
  • 致谢
  • 笔记
  • 缩写
  • 参考文献
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