崔世珍笔下的明代中期北京话

崔世珍 (1468–1542) 著述宏富，记录和讨论了大量明代中期的北京话词汇和语音现象。当时正处于南北官话融合的关键阶段，而反映北京话的本土资料却阙如，因此他所记录的北京口语资料是独一无二的，对于研究北京话形成史具有极高的价值。文章主要讨论四个问题：(1) 崔世珍所记是不是北京话；(2) 崔世珍所记资料的特点；(3) 从崔世珍所记看明代中期南北官话词汇的融合；(4) 明代中期的北京话词汇在现代北京话里的留存与消亡。

Cui Shizhen (1468–1542), a prolific writer, recorded and discussed a vast array of lexical and phonological phenomena of the Beijing dialect during the mid-Ming Dynasty. This period marked a critical phase in the integration of northern and southern Mandarin, a time when local records of the Beijing dialect were exceedingly rare. Thus, the colloquial data recorded by Cui Shizhen are uniquely invaluable, offering profound insights into the historical formation of the Beijing dialect. This paper primarily addresses four questions: (1) whether the data recorded by Cui indeed represent the Beijing dialect; (2) the characteristics of the data recorded by Cui; (3) the integration of northern and southern Mandarin lexicon during the mid-Ming Dynasty as reflected in Cui’s recordings; and (4) the survival and disappearance of the mid-Ming Beijing dialect vocabulary in modern Beijing dialect.