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Article published In: International Journal of Chinese Linguistics
Vol. 7:1 (2020) ► pp.140–157

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试论普通话声调的本调

——兼谈五度值记调法的性质

 | Nankai University

Article language: Chinese

Published online: 30 June 2020
DOI logo with link
https://doi.org/10.1075/ijchl.00008.shi
摘要
本文提出对普通话声调描写的改进意见：把以单字调为基础的观念改为以连读调为基础。普通话的声调描写应为：阴平55、阳平35、上声11、去声53。理由可以有三点：1、连读调更接近于本调。2、单字调带有边界成分。3、连读调更接近实际语言交际。另外我们还找到两个理论依据。一个是麦迪森的平调定义，一个是赵元任的双数调原则。文章列出大量的声学和感知实验的证据来支持我们的意见。同时指出：普通话声调的这种轴对称结构表现出最大区别原理的最佳对立状态。讨论认为，五度值是一种半调值、半调位的记调法，具有相当的模糊性。实际语言中极少有分为五级调阶的。
Abstract
On the essential tones in Standard Chinese: Concurrent discussion on the nature of five-degree method
This paper suggests to improve the tone description of Putonghua: changing the concept based on single tone to that based on continuous tone. The tone description of Putonghua should be: Yinping 55, Yangping 35, Shangsheng 11 and Qusheng 53. There are three reasons: 1. The continuous tones are closer to native tone. 2. The monosyllabic tone has boundary elements. 3. Continuous tones are closer to actual language communication.
In addition, we have found two theoretical bases. One is Madison’s definition of level tone, the other is Yuanren Chao’s principle of tones with even numbers. This paper lists a large number of evidence from acoustic and perceptual experiments to support our opinion. At the same time, it is considered that the axisymmetric structure of Putonghua tone system shows the best opposition of the principle of maximum difference.
Finally, it is considered that the five-degree value is a kind of half-phonetic and half- phonological method, which has considerable fuzziness. There are very few languages have tone systems divided into five levels.
Article outline
  • 1.单字调和连读调
    • 1.1连读调更接近于本调
    • 1.2单字调带有边界成分
    • 1.3连读调更接近实际语言交际
  • 2.平调定义和双数调原则
    • 2.1麦迪森的平调定义
    • 2.2赵元任的双数调原则
  • 3.对于本调的说明
    • 3.1阴平调
    • 3.2阳平调
    • 3.3上声调
      • 3.3.1上声本调
      • 3.3.2检验与证据
    • 3.4去声调
  • 4.声调系统的轴对称结构
  • 5.余论：五度值的性质
  • 笔记
  • 参考文献
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