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Article published In: International Journal of Chinese Linguistics
Vol. 4:2 (2017) ► pp.308–324

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漢語詞形韻律結構的變化與上古君王人名長度的演進

 | 江蘇師範大學語言科學與藝術學院，中國社會科學院民族學與人類學研究所

Article language: Chinese

Published online: 30 December 2017
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https://doi.org/10.1075/ijchl.00001.jia
抽象
文章提出一種重新看待早期漢語詞形韻律結構的新觀點並採納新的方法加以分析。與漢語從上古單音節詞伊始演變而來觀點不同，我們認為，承繼甲骨文語言而來的早期漢語實際是從遠古多音節詞語言發展而來，至商周乃至春秋戰國時代已經轉變為單音節詞為詞彙主體的語言。商周詞形韻律結構有 SS，CS，SC，MS，BW（雙音節、弱首音節、重首音節、單音節、雙詞音節）五類。MS是主體，BW初萌發，餘三類是遠古遺存，也是本文分析重點。我們嘗試用輕重韻律說明為什麼早期君王名難以釋讀，輕重韻律如何影響詞形結構變化以及對君王名的制約。
Abstract
Changes of word-syllabic structures with prosodies and evolution of lengths of kings’ names in archaic China
This paper suggests a view on early word-forms of pre-Chinese. The pre-Chinese represented by Jiaguwen (inscriptions on bones or tortoise shells of the Shang Dynasty) inherited from a multi-syllabic-word language of antiquity, and in pre-Qin period converted to a mono-syllabic-word language. Until Shang & Zhou Dynasties there are five types of word-syllabic structures with prosodies, which are SS (bisyllables), CS (bisyllables with weak initial syllable), SC (bisyllables with heavy initial syllable), MS (monosyllable), BW (with two mono-syllable morphemes or words). MS were the main body of all words, BW just sprouted and the others were remains of ancient times. We try to explain why the names of ancient kings are hard to understand and how prosodic weight influences word-syllabic structures and their applying on lengths of ancient kings’ names.
Article outline
  • 1.緣起
  • 2.早期漢語詞的音韻模式與人名材料
  • 3.西周君王人名的長度變化
  • 4.春秋戰國諸侯國君王人名的長度及特徵
  • 5.結語
  • Acknowledgements
  • Notes
  • 參考文獻
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