Part I.Preliminaries

1

Chapter 1.Introduction 2

1.1Scope and main goals 2

1.2Outline of the book 3

1.3From modus to modality 4

1.4Modality in Galician linguistics 7

Part II.Theoretical background

11

Chapter 2.The concept of modality 12

2.1Modal taxonomies 12

2.1.1The traditional classes of modality 12

2.1.2Other proposals for the organization of modality 15

2.1.2.1Dynamic and deontic modality beyond the traditional view 15

2.1.2.2Alternative divisions of modal space 17

2.1.2.3Boulomaic modality: A neglected modal class 19

2.1.3Galician approaches to modality and the modals 20

2.2Theories of modality 29

2.2.1Possible worlds semantics 30

2.2.2The factuality approach 33

2.2.3Modality as force dynamics 36

2.3The typological perspective on modality 38

2.4Critical summary 41

Chapter 3.Functionalist approaches to modality 44

3.1Functional grammar models 44

3.1.1Functional Grammar 45

3.1.2Role and Reference Grammar 48

3.1.3Functional Procedural Grammar and the paradigmatic approach 49

3.2Systemic Functional Grammar 55

3.3Discourse-functional and interactional approaches 56

Chapter 4.Modality and neighboring categories 59

4.1Modality and tame 59

4.1.1Tense 60

4.1.2Aspect 63

4.1.3Mood 64

4.1.4Evidentiality 67

4.2Modality and discourse strategy 74

4.2.1Mitigation 75

4.2.2Concession 77

4.2.3Strengthening 79

4.3Modality and (inter)subjectivity 81

Chapter 5.Modality revisited: The Galician system 85

5.1A revision of modality and modal categories 85

5.2The expression of modal categories in Galician 88

Part III.A focus on epistemic adverbs

101

Chapter 6.Corpus and method 102

6.1Epistemic modality as expressed by adverbs 102

6.2Galician epistemic adverbs 104

6.2.1Certamente and seguramente 106

6.2.2Probablemente and posiblemente 107

6.2.3Quizais and se cadra 108

6.3Corpus design 109

6.4Variables 110

6.4.1The adverbial phrase 111

6.4.2The verb phrase 111

6.4.3The clause 113

6.4.4Beyond the clause 116

6.4.5The extra-linguistic context 117

6.4.6Summary of variables 118

6.5Statistical approach 120

Chapter 7.Epistemic adverbs: Syntagmatic and paradigmatic properties 121

7.1Variables and hypotheses 121

7.2Univariate and bivariate results 123

7.2.1A general picture 123

7.2.2Adverb modifiers 126

7.2.3A note on mood 128

7.3Multivariate results: Logistic regression 130

7.3.1The pairwise approach 132

7.3.2The one vs. rest approach 137

7.4Summary and discussion 138

7.4.1How epistemic adverbs are alike 139

7.4.2How epistemic adverbs differ from one another 142

Chapter 8.Epistemic adverbs: A pragmatic approach 146

8.1Variables and hypotheses 147

8.2Pragmatic analysis 148

8.2.1Modal uses 149

8.2.2Discourse-oriented uses 154

8.2.2.1Mitigation 154

8.2.2.2Strengthening 157

8.2.2.3Tendency 162

8.2.3Other uses 164

8.2.4Results 166

8.3Adverb meaning and co-occurrence with (near-)epistemic expressions 167

8.4Adverb meaning and position 176

8.5Adverb meaning and orality 181

8.6Summary and discussion 182

8.6.1Main findings 182

8.6.2Diachronic implications 185

Part IV.Conclusion

193

Chapter 9.General summary and discussion 194

9.1Theoretical findings and implications 194

9.2Empirical findings and implications 196

9.3Future lines of research 199

Bibliography 201

Appendixes

A.Appendix of tables 218

B.Appendix of listings 224

Table of contents

Part I.Preliminaries

Part II.Theoretical background

Part III.A focus on epistemic adverbs

Part IV.Conclusion

Appendixes