In:The Fine-grained Structure of the Lexical Area: Gender, appreciatives and nominal suffixes in Spanish
Antonio Fábregas
[Issues in Hispanic and Lusophone Linguistics 39] 2024
► pp. vii–xii
Published online: 8 March 2024
https://doi.org/10.1075/ihll.39.toc
https://doi.org/10.1075/ihll.39.toc
Table of contents
AbbreviationsXIII
Chapter 1.Introduction: Derivational suffixes without category change1
1.1Derivational suffixes that do not change the grammatical category
of the base1
of the base1
1.1.1Gender5
1.1.2Appreciative morphology6
1.1.3The mereological system7
1.1.4The scale system7
1.1.5Other cases8
1.1.6Interfixes and their relation to suffixes9
1.2Nanosyntax13
1.2.1The nanosyntactic structure13
1.2.1.1Moderated cartography13
1.2.1.2Primitives16
1.2.2The spell out procedure18
1.2.2.1The exhaustive lexicalisation principle19
1.2.2.2Phrasal spell out19
1.2.2.3The Superset principle20
1.2.2.4Pointers23
1.3Meaning and form26
1.3.1Structural and conceptual meaning26
1.3.2Allosemy28
1.3.3Idioms29
1.3.4Multiple spell out and complex specifiers29
1.4Assumptions about lexical categories32
1.4.1Nouns32
1.4.2Prepositions33
1.4.3Adjectives34
1.4.4Verbs39
1.5Roadmap42
Chapter 2.Gender in nouns44
2.1General overview of the chapter44
2.2Classifiers and gender: Empirical behaviour45
2.2.1Gender is not biological sex45
2.2.2Gender values and idiosyncrasies46
2.2.3Gender and ellipsis48
2.2.4Is gender inflectional or derivational?48
2.2.5Gender and gender marking49
2.2.6Conclusion: Nine groups of nouns in Spanish according to gender53
2.3Analysis (1): The classifier area56
2.3.1Contexts that isolate the classifier from gender proper58
2.3.2The three classifiers in Spanish61
2.3.3No more classifiers65
2.4Analysis (2): The gender proper area67
2.4.1Fem as ‘female’68
2.4.2Masculine as neuter70
2.5Deriving the nine classes in Spanish74
2.5.1Groups 1, 2 and 374
2.5.2Groups 4 and 577
2.5.3Group 678
2.5.4Group 779
2.5.5Groups 8 and 981
Chapter 3.Extending gender analysis: Inclusive gender, pronouns and ellipsis85
3.1Inclusive gender85
3.2Gender in pronouns92
3.3Exceptional gender marking101
3.4Gender and ellipsis106
3.5Gender and coordination109
3.5.1General about coordination: The emergence of the unmarked in syntax: Masculine110
3.5.2Person111
3.5.3Problems with number113
Chapter 4.Appreciative morphology in nouns (I): Default diminutives114
4.1The core argument in this chapter114
4.2Types of empirical behaviour with appreciative morphemes116
4.2.1A conceptual division that does not work117
4.2.2A grammatically-based taxonomy of appreciative morphemes118
4.2.2.1Group 1: The default appreciative class: -it-119
4.2.2.2Group 2: The class of -illo123
4.2.2.3Group 3: The class of -ajo126
4.2.3Interim summary128
4.3Interfixes in appreciative morphology and beyond129
4.3.1Classes of interfixes130
4.3.2Interfixes with diminutives133
4.4Analysis: The core structure of appreciatives136
4.5-it-: Structural and semantic properties142
4.5.1Structural properties142
4.5.2Infixation cases144
4.5.3The distribution of interfixes with default diminutives146
4.5.4Manito, fotito, motito150
Chapter 5.Appreciative morphology in nouns (II): Other classes of appreciatives153
5.1Group II of appreciatives: Category restrictions153
5.2The divisor use of -illo and the other appreciatives of group 2155
5.2.1Gender158
5.2.2Structures without Div but with Prop160
5.3Other interfixes with group 2163
5.3.1-azo166
5.3.2-ino168
5.3.3-ucho169
5.4Group 3 of appreciative morphemes169
5.4.1-astro174
5.4.2-aco175
5.4.3-ón176
5.4.4-ajo176
5.5Appreciatives with non-nominal categories177
5.5.1The semantic reading177
5.5.2The class markers178
5.5.3Deconstructing appreciative morphemes178
5.6Sequences of appreciative morphemes180
Chapter 6.Appreciatives in verbs: Verbal interfixation182
6.1The core argument in this chapter182
6.2The empirical properties of verbal interfixes185
6.2.1Morphological properties187
6.2.2Aspectual properties189
6.2.3Argument structure192
6.2.4Semantic properties193
6.3The conative alternation and verbal interfixes198
6.4Analysis203
6.4.1Verbalisers without verbal interfixes204
6.4.2Why only these interfixes209
6.4.3Manners and appreciative morphemes211
6.4.4Step-by-step derivation215
6.4.5On the absence of high appreciative morphemes
in the verbal domain226
in the verbal domain226
6.5Other interfixes: A brief introductory note226
Chapter 7.Denominal event and state nouns228
7.1The general proposal in this chapter228
7.2Denominal action nouns: Main empirical properties230
7.2.1Properties of the derived word232
7.2.2Other properties of denominal action nouns235
7.2.3Analytical problems236
7.3Analysis: Denominal action nouns in -ada237
7.3.1Von Heusinger’s analysis237
7.3.2Evt and the event descriptive heads239
7.3.3Structure and derivation241
7.3.4Argument structure and temporal extension246
7.4Denominal state nouns: -azgo and -ato247
7.5The hit meaning of -azo250
7.6The hit meaning of -ón256
Chapter 8.Inflectional number258
8.1Overview of the chapter258
8.2Plurals258
8.2.1-s is not plural: The Borer view259
8.2.2-s is not a divisor either262
8.2.3-s as plain number262
8.3Singulars266
8.3.1Singular as unmarked266
8.3.2The alleged |1| cardinal behaves differently
from any other cardinal267
from any other cardinal267
8.3.3There are no syntactic contexts that force a numeral
reading of un269
reading of un269
8.3.4Syncretism relations and the absence of duals
and trials in Spanish270
and trials in Spanish270
8.4Number and absence of number275
8.4.1Coordination276
8.4.2A reinterpretation of pluralia and singularia tantum280
Chapter 9.Collectives, measurers and kinds284
9.1General overview of the chapter284
9.2Collective nouns: Main empirical properties286
9.2.1Masses and collectives288
9.2.2Collective suffixes: Semantic specialisation288
9.2.3Collective readings of non-collective suffixes and place readings
of collective suffixes290
of collective suffixes290
9.2.4Other empirical properties292
9.2.4.1Collectives and interfixation292
9.2.4.2Piling up of collectives and divisors with collectives293
9.3An analysis of collective nouns294
9.3.1Collective suffixes294
9.3.2-ado297
9.3.3Other collective readings301
9.3.4Interfixation and the piling up of suffixes304
9.4Measurers307
9.4.1Main empirical properties307
9.4.2Analysis309
9.5Abstract nouns and kind nouns313
Chapter 10.Jobs and locations, parents and siblings317
10.1Overview of the chapter317
10.2Denominal jobs and occupations319
10.2.1Empirical properties319
10.2.2Analysis321
10.3Denominal locations326
10.3.1Empirical properties326
10.3.2Analysis327
10.4Surnames and names331
10.4.1The nanosyntax of proper names331
10.4.1.1Proper names lack Coll333
10.4.1.2Proper names lack Div334
10.4.1.3Classifiers, when present, do not play any semantic role336
10.4.1.4The spell out of proper names: Adjectives337
10.4.1.5The spell out of proper names: Number338
10.4.1.6Roots339
10.4.2Patronymics340
10.5Youngs346
10.5.1Appreciative morphemes and nouns for youngs347
10.5.2Youngs in -ato348
10.5.3Youngs with -ezno349
Chapter 11.Deadjectival adjectives: Scale suffixes351
11.1Overview of the chapter351
11.2The scalar suffix -zco and other scale-modifying suffixes352
11.2.1Empirical properties352
11.2.2Scalar suffixes: Analysis354
11.2.3Appreciatives and scales356
11.2.4Similitudinal adjectivalisers358
11.3The elative suffix -ísimo: Description359
11.4The elative suffix: Analysis364
11.4.1-isim- as the only elative in Spanish365
11.4.2The syntactic distribution of -isim-367
11.4.3-isim- and -errim- projected in the spine367
11.4.4-isim- in cases of iteration and with non-adjectival categories369
Chapter 12.Conclusions373
12.1The fine-grained lexical area of categories373
12.2Interfixation reduced375
12.3System and norm377
References381
Index393
