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In:Amazonian Spanish: Language Contact and Evolution
Edited by Stephen Fafulas
[Issues in Hispanic and Lusophone Linguistics 23] 2020
► pp. 155–190

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Chapter 7
Emerging ethnolinguistic varieties in the Amazon

The case of Yagua Spanish

 | University of Mississippi
 | College of Charleston
Published online: 15 July 2020
DOI logo with link
https://doi.org/10.1075/ihll.23.07faf
Abstract
We analyze a handful of morphosyntactic features of Yagua Spanish (YS), a contact variety of Spanish spoken in the Amazon. Our results, from sociolinguistic interviews and film narrations conducted with 10 YS speakers from Comandancia, located along Peru’s Orosa River, suggest that YS is characterized by significant occurrence of leísmo, null direct objects, and non-canonical use of the Present Perfect. Analyses based on language proficiency reveal that the Yagua-dominant bilinguals, who learned Spanish primarily as adults, show higher rates of these non-pan-Latin American forms as compared to the Spanish-dominant bilinguals who acquired Spanish earlier in life. We explore the origins of these linguistic features and add to what is known of emerging varieties of Spanish in the Amazon region.
Article outline
  • 1.Introduction
  • 2.Background
    • 2.1Language contact and evolution
    • 2.2Amazonian Spanish
    • 2.3Andean Spanish
    • 2.4Yagua language
    • 2.5Yagua-Spanish contact
  • 3.Methodology
    • 3.1Research questions and hypotheses
    • 3.2Methods and participants
    • 3.3Linguistic factors
      • 3.3.1Direct objects
      • 3.3.2Null direct objects
      • 3.3.3Object topicalization
      • 3.3.4Extended/non-canonical use of present perfect
  • 4.Results
    • 4.1Object expression and leísmo
    • 4.2(Non)expression of direct objects
    • 4.3Direct object placement and topicalization
    • 4.4Present Perfect
  • 5.Discussion
  • 6.Summary and conclusions
  • Notes
  • References
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