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Article published In: Information Design Journal
Vol. 30:2 (2025) ► pp.–

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Measuring emotional response to positive dog narratives

Human vs. AI content through self-assessment Manikin (SAM)

ORCiD logo with link | Universitas Multimedia Nusantara
 | Universitas Multimedia Nusantara
 | American University in DubaiDubai Media City
Published online: 20 January 2026
DOI logo with link
https://doi.org/10.1075/idj.25004.pin
Abstract
In Indonesia, dogs often face social and religious resistance, which increases their vulnerability after abandonment. This study investigates how different storytelling formats — visual vs. textual and AI-generated vs. human-created — affect emotional responses to dog-related narratives. Using a quantitative experimental design with 135 participants and the Self-Assessment Manikin (SAM), results show that human-written texts significantly influence both valence and arousal, while AI-generated text affect valence only. ANOVA and post-hoc tests reveal that human-created illustrations elicit higher pleasure and lower arousal, whereas AI-generated images score higher in dominance. These findings offer insights into designing culturally sensitive, emotionally resonant communication strategies for promoting animal welfare.
Article outline
  • 1.Introduction
  • 2.Literature review
    • 2.1Emotional response in narrative formats
    • 2.2Emotional response measurement using Self-Assessment Manikin
    • 2.3Human vs. AI-generated content in emotional narrative design
    • 2.4The role of positive empathy in behavior intention
  • 3.Methods
    • 3.1Research design
    • 3.2Participants
    • 3.3Materials and stimuli
    • 3.4Procedure
    • 3.5Measurement instrument
    • 3.6Data analysis
    • 3.7Ethical considerations
  • 4.Results
    • 4.1Within-group effects of each stimulus
    • 4.2Between-group differences based on stimulus origin (AI vs human)
    • 4.3Effect comparison of four stimulus types
  • 5.Discussion
    • 5.1Reiteration and synthesis of key findings
      • 5.1.1Within-group effects
      • 5.1.2Between-group differences (AI vs. human)
      • 5.1.3Effect comparison across stimulus types
    • 5.2Interpretation of findings
    • 5.3Comparison with existing literature
    • 5.4Limitations
    • 5.5Directions for future research
  • 6.Conclusion
  • References
References (108)
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