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Article published In: Information Design Journal
Vol. 29:3 (2024) ► pp.240–263

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Exploring the impact of map visualization features to improve campus wayfinding efficiency through user-centered design methods

ORCiD logo with link | University of Leeds
 | University of Leeds
 | University of Leeds
 | University of Leeds
 | University of Leeds
Published online: 12 September 2025
DOI logo with link
https://doi.org/10.1075/idj.24013.yan
Abstract
Digital maps are essential tools for modern wayfinding, often relying on live GPS location features for successful use. However, complex urban environments can make it difficult for users to spatially locate themselves and navigate areas such as building entrances and vertical pathways. This investigation used a campus environment as a case study to examine the impact of visualized map information that is often overlooked in current digital maps. A multi-stage user-centered design process was employed to develop and test a redesigned map. Results show that the implementation of additional map visualization design practices significantly improves navigation performance.
Article outline
  • 1.Introduction
    • 1.1Background
    • 1.2Research aim and objectives
      • Aim
      • Objectives
    • 1.3Research overview
    • 1.4Ethics statement
  • 2.User needs and design problems
    • 2.1Literature review process
    • 2.2Literature review — Map design theories
    • 2.3Defining user needs — Questionnaire
    • 2.4Problem identification — Usability testing of existing digital maps
      • Environmental complexity
      • Map navigation efficiency
  • 3.Design development
    • 3.1Prototype design
      • Spatial information
      • Color usage
      • Additional information
  • 4.Design testing
    • 4.1Participant recruitment
    • 4.2Test process
  • 5.Analysis and results
    • 5.1Results of A/B testing
    • 5.2Results of observations
      • Open spaces
      • The accessible route is a passage or a path difficult to identify
    • 5.3Interview results
      • Basic information
      • Additional map visualization features
  • 6.Discussion
    • 6.1Major findings and contributions to knowledge
      • Using design theories and principles to evaluate the legibility of campus digital maps
      • Using user-centered methods in information design research
      • Making A/B testing results more detailed and objective through qualitative data analysis
      • Enhancing map usage efficiency through key visual information
    • 6.2Existing research and limitations
  • 7.Conclusion and future work
  • References
References (48)
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