Special Article
The interpretation industry in Japan
Market changes, challenges, and new opportunities over five decades
Available under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial (CC BY-NC) 4.0 license.
For any use beyond this license, please contact the publisher at rights@benjamins.nl.
Published online: 30 April 2024
https://doi.org/10.54754/incontext.v4i1.78
https://doi.org/10.54754/incontext.v4i1.78
Abstract
This article examines the current situation of the interpretation industry in Japan. To aid the post-war reconstruction efforts, the Japan Productivity Center organized missions to the US. The interpreters needed for the missions were trained at the US Department of State. Upon their return to Japan, many of these interpreters became professional conference interpreters. Agencies were then set up to provide interpreters for the rapidly growing demand from the government and business. The interpreting agencies played a crucial role in establishing interpreting as a profession. Around this time, the business of conference interpreting also emerged with English as the main language. During the economic boom, interpreters had increasing opportunities to play an active role in the economy as demand from the private sector increased. As foreign companies began to expand into Japan, the number of in-house interpreters increased. Today, interpreters are employed in the government, private, academic, and media sectors, with approximately 80% of the interpretation being English-Japanese. According to the available statistics, the industry as a whole is dominated by small proprietorships that appear to be operated by individual interpreters. In addition to the large comprehensive agencies, a number of niche agencies have appeared in recent years that provide interpreting services for specific industry sectors. Regarding the career path of an interpreter, it is common for English interpreters to attend training institutions run by interpreting agencies and then become freelance interpreters. When training began in the mid-1970s, the courses were mainly attended by female university students. However, increasing numbers of men are now participating in the industry, many of whom are older and have experience in other professions. During the COVID-19 pandemic, the demand for interpreters dropped significantly. Although this was only temporary, the pandemic hastened the shift towards online interpreting using IT. Today, interpreters have further opportunities to utilize machine translation tools. Making active use of the technologies available, the interpretation industry in Japan is becoming more diverse and fulfilling its roles in a more diversified setting.
抄録
この論文は、日本の通訳業界の現状を考察するものである。 戦後の復興 活動を支援するために、日本生産性本部はアメリカへの代表団を派遣した。 任 務に必要な通訳者は米国国務省で訓練を受けた。 これらの通訳者の多くは日本 に帰国後、会議通訳者として活動した。政府や企業からの急速に高まる需要に 応じて通訳者を養成する通訳エージェンシーが設立された。会議通訳は英語と 日本語間を中心として始まり、その発展には通訳エージェンシーが重要な役割 を果たした。経済発展のもとでは民間需要も高まり、通訳者が活躍する機会も 増えた。 外資系企業の日本進出に伴い、社内通訳者の数も増加した。 現在、 政府、民間、学術、メディア部門で通訳者が活躍しており、通訳の約 80% は英 日通訳である。 入手可能な統計によると、業界全体としては、個人の通訳者に よって運営されていると思われる小規模な事業主が多数を占めている。 大手の 総合的な通訳エージェンシーに加え、近年は特定の業界分野に通訳サービスを 提供する特化型エージェンシーが登場している。 通訳者のキャリアパスとして は、英語通訳者は通訳エージェンシーが運営する養成機関に通い、その後フリ ー通訳者になるのが一般的である。 1970年代半ばに通訳エージェンシーが運営 する養成機関が始まった当初は、女子の大学生が多く受講していた。 しかし、 現在ではこの業界により年齢が上で他の職業を経験した後に参入する男性の数 が増えている。 コロナ禍の影響により、通訳の需要は一時大幅に減少したが、 これは一時的なものにとどまった。コロナ禍を経験したことによりITを活用し たオンライン通訳への移行が加速した。 今日、通訳者は機械翻訳ツールを利用 する機会がさらに増えている。 日本の通訳業界はテクノロジーを積極的に活用 し、 多様性を増し、より多様な現場でその役割を果たしている。
キーワード:通訳、会議通訳、通訳産業、通訳エージェンシー、通訳者のキャ リアパス
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