Language policy in Uzbekistan

This paper discusses the language policy and its current place in Uzbek society, focusing on the legal basis that the Uzbek government has created for the mother tongue. The adoption of the Uzbek language as the state language 34 years ago was a prelude to the country’s independence, setting the stage for the emergence of a new generation proficient in their mother tongue while helping clean and enrich the language’s vocabulary.

The scope of the use of this state language remains limited since many prestigious offices still keep documents in Russian, and signs, advertisements, letterheads, receipts, menus, and many other items have yet to be Uzbekized. Another problem is the decline of written literacy in Uzbek among young people, which is associated with the “phased introduction” of the Latin alphabet that led to the circulation of two competing scripts (i.e., Latin and Cyrillic alphabets).

Furthermore, the programs of teaching mother tongue and Uzbek language subjects in primary and secondary schools need serious reform since the state language literacy is low for both Uzbek school graduates and those graduating from Russian-speaking schools. The language literacy of ambassadors and other government personnel must also meet the requirements. More recently, educational reforms are widely taking place across Uzbekistan, including the expansion of foreign language teaching—on top of the state language training—as a way of integrating into the world community.

The authors put forward proposals and recommendations to tackle these challenges: The oral and written literacy of graduates from secondary schools needs to be improved; to this end, reforms are needed in the assessment and testing system, and new types of tests should be adopted in higher education institutions.

A targeted, unified approach based on international standards is required for foreign language teaching. At the same time, a precise evaluation system should be put into place to determine the professional competence of teachers. While ensuring the effectiveness of foreign language training courses and their coherence with the educational process, Uzbek language training should also continue in higher education.

Ushbu maqolada O‘zbekistonda til siyosati va uning hozirgi kinda ijtimoiy hayotdagi o‘rni haqida so‘z yuritiladi, O‘zbekiston hukumati tomonidan davlat tili uchun yaratilgan huquqiy asoslarga e’tibor qaratatiladi. Bundan 34 yil muqaddam o‘zbek tilining davlat tili sifatida e’lon qilinishi mamlakat mustaqilligining debochasi bo‘lib, o‘z ona tilini mukammal biladigan yangi avlodning yetishib chiqishiga zamin yaratdi va o ‘zbek tili lug‘at tarkibining tozalanishi va boyishiga xizmat qildi. Shunga qaramasdan davlat tilining keng joriy qilinishi bilan bog‘liq muammolar yo‘q emas. Ko‘pgina nufuzli idoralarda hujjatchilik rus tilida yuritilayotgani, lavhalar, e’lonlar, blankalar, taomnomalar va boshqa shu xil yozuvlarning hanuz to‘liq o‘zbekchalashtirilmagani davlat tilidan foydalanish doirasi hali talablar darajasida qamrab olinmaganidan dalolatdir. Yana bir muammo – yoshlar oʻrtasida oʻzbek tilida yozma savodxonlikning pasayganligidir, bu lotin alifbosining bosqichma-bosqich joriy etilishi bilan bogʻliq bo‘lib, natijada amalda ikkita raqobatdosh yozuv (yaʼni lotin va kirill alifb lari) qo‘llanmoqda.

Qolaversa, o‘rta maktablarda ona tili va o‘zbek tili (rusiyzabonlarga) fanlarini o‘qitish dasturlari jiddiy islohotga muhtoj, chunki o‘zbek maktablari bitiruvchilarining ham, rusiyzabon maktablarni tamomlaganlarning ham davlat tilini bilish darajasi past. Elchilar va boshqa davlat idoralari xodimlarining til savodxonligi ham talablarga javob berishi zarurligi hozirgi kunning dolzarb muammolaridandir. Keyingi yillarda Oʻzbekistonda taʼlim sohasida keng koʻlamli islohotlar amalga oshirilmoqda, jumladan, jahon hamjamiyatiga integratsiyalashuv yoʻli sifatida davlat tili ta’limi bilan bir qatorda chet tillarini oʻqitishga ham katta ahamiyat berilmoqda.

Maqolada mualliflar mavjud muammolarni hal etish bo‘yicha qator taklif va tavsiyalarni ilgari surdilar, jumladan, umumta’lim maktablari bitiruvchilarining og‘zaki va yozma savodxonligini oshirish, shu yo‘lda baholash va test tizimida islohotlar o‘tkazish, oliy ta’lim muassasalarida test sinovlarining yangi turlarini joriy etish zarur deb biladilar.

Mualliflar fikricha, chet tillarini o‘qitish maqsadli, xalqaro standartlarga asoslangan yagona yondashuvni, xususan, o‘qituvchilarning kasbiy malakasini belgilashning aniq baholash tizimini joriy etishni taqozo etadi. Xorijiy tillarni tayyorlash kurslarining samaradorligi va o‘quv jarayoni bilan uzviyligini ta’minlash bilan birga, oliy o‘quv yurtlarida ham o‘zbek tilini o‘qitishni davom ettirish kerak.