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In:Handbook of Pragmatics: 23rd Annual Installment
Edited by Jan-Ola Östman and Jef Verschueren
[Handbook of Pragmatics 23] 2020
► pp. 3–38

Methods in language-attitudes research

 | University of Copenhagen
Published online: 20 November 2020
DOI logo with link
https://doi.org/10.1075/hop.23.met5
Article outline
  • 1.The contested interest of ‘language attitudes’
  • 2.Language-attitudes as an object of study
    • 2.1Attitudes: Mentalist vs. discursive approaches
    • 2.2Attitudes: Explicit vs. implicit
    • 2.3Language: Which aspects of language can be attitudinal objects?
    • 2.4Language: Which aspects of language to focus on as attitudinal objects?
  • 3.The three methodological approaches of traditional language-attitudes research
  • 4.Analysis of societal treatment
  • 5.Direct methods
    • 5.1Interviewing
      • 5.1.1Structured interviews
      • 5.1.2Unstructured interviews
      • 5.1.3Semi-structured interviews
      • 5.1.4The issue of explicitness/implicitness in discourse data
    • 5.2Recognition and evaluation tasks
      • 5.2.1Mental maps
      • 5.2.2Ranking tasks
      • 5.2.3Self-reports
  • 6.Indirect methods: Speaker evaluation experiments
    • 6.1SEE at the level of variants
    • 6.2SEE at the level of varieties
      • 6.2.1The matched guise technique (MGT) and the verbal guise technique (VGT)
      • 6.2.2The issue of explicitness/implicitness in experimental use of the MGT and VGT
      • 6.2.3SEE in natural, everyday contexts
  • 7.Concluding remarks
  • Notes
  • References
References (111)
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