Article published In: Historiographia Linguistica
Vol. 9:3 (1982) ► pp.495–513
Giacomo Devoto 1898–1974
The man and his work
Published online: 1 January 1982
https://doi.org/10.1075/hl.9.3.13ram
https://doi.org/10.1075/hl.9.3.13ram
Summary
The paper essays to give a brief survey of the imposing and complex work of Giacomo Devoto (1897–1974), with particular emphasis on its principal traits seen both from the point of view of the history of linguistics and its scientific significance. Especial attention is drawn first of all to Devoto’s position vis-à-vis Benedetto Croce’s Idealism and the linguistic positivism of the first half of the 20th century. It seems possible to define Devoto’s position as a dialectic one between these two intellectual currents, which eventually led to an historicism, which actually was typical of the Italian linguistic tradition. From this viewpoint then Devoto’s understanding of language as an ‘institution’ is examined, including his intervention in the dispute between N. Ja. Marr and Stalin. After having dealt with his concept of a ‘stylistics of language’, which returns to regarding langue as an historicaland social institution, and its difference from a literary stylistics, Devoto’s Indo-European studies are examined. Here, the question of the relationship between linguistics and the other disciplines concerned with antiuqty is discussed, a relationship which Devotohad been obliged on several occasions to come back to. The ‘Devotian’ position is presented critically with the help of discussions which Devoto himself had entertained, with archaeologists and with linguists.
Résumé
Cet article essaye de présenter brièvement l’oeuvre, imposante et complexe, de Giacomo Devoto (1897–1974), en en soulignant les aspects principaux du point de vue de l’histoire de la linguistique et de sa portée scientifique. Le point sur lequel on attire l’attention du lecteur, c’est d’abord la position de Giacomo Devoto vis-à-vis de l’idéalisme de Benedetto Croce et du positivisme plus proprement linguistique de la première motié du XXe siècle. Il paraît possible de définir la position de Devoto comme dialectique entre ces deux courants: elle aboutit ainsi à un historicisme, qui a été d’ailleurs typique de la tradition linguistique italienne. De ce point de vue, on examine alors la conception “devotienne” de la langue en tant qu’“institution” et aussi son intervention dans la querelle qui opposa N. Ja. Marr à Staline. Après avoir traité du concept de ‘stylistique de la langue’, qui revient à considérer la langue comme une institution historique et sociale, et de sa différence par rapport à la stylistique littéraire, on examine enfin les études indo-européennes de Devoto et on discute la question des rapports entre la linguistique et les autres sciences de l’antiquité – question sur laquelle Devoto avait été obligé de revenir plusieurs fois. La position “devotienne” est présentée critiquement à l’aide des discussions menées par Devoto lui-même avec les archéologues et les linguistes.
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