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Article published In: Historiographia Linguistica
Vol. 44:1 (2017) ► pp.47–71

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Ludwig Noiré and the Debate on Language Origins in the 19th Century

 | Paris 3 – Sorbonne Nouvelle | Sapienza – Università di Roma
Published online: 3 August 2017
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https://doi.org/10.1075/hl.44.1.02dal
Summary
Among the scholars who tackled the topic of language origins in the 19th century, the German philosopher Ludwig Noiré (1829–1889) deserves special mention. To him, the unique sociability of humans implies cooperation and cooperation in turn involves language. Remarkably, Noiré’s theory deeply influenced the debate on language origins until the 1950s. Before offering some theoretical and historical explanations for the enduring influence of Noiré’s theory, it is necessary to describe the general features of his theory and the context in which it arose. After dealing with the German-English debate on language origins during the 19th century, a section will be especially devoted to Noiré’s theory of language origins. Finally, a comparison between Noiré’s insights and the naturalistic framework of the 19th century is provided.
Résumé
Le philosophe allemand Ludwig Noiré (1829–1889) mérite une mention spéciale parmi les savants qui ont abordé le sujet des origines du langage au XIXe siècle. Pour lui, la sociabilité qui caractérise l’être humain implique la coopération et, à son tour, la coopération implique le langage. Il est à remarquer que la théorie de Noiré a profondément influencé le débat sur l’origine du langage jusqu’aux années 1950. Avant de donner quelques repères théoriques et historiques afin d’expliquer l’influence durable de la théorie de Noiré, il est nécessaire de décrire les traits généraux de sa théorie et le contexte dans lequel elle est né. Après avoir abordé le débat anglo-allemand sur l’origine du langage au XIXe siècle, une section sera consacrée à la théorie de Noiré. Enfin, nous proposerons une comparaison entre la théorie de Noiré et le naturalisme du XIXe siècle.
Zusammenfassung
Unter den Forschern, die im 19. Jahrhundert das Thema der Ursprünge der Sprache in Angriff nahmen, ist der deutsche Philosoph Ludwig Noiré (1829–1889) besonders erwähnenswert. Seiner Meinung nach setzt die einzigartige Geselligkeit der Menschen Zusammenarbeit voraus. Diese wiederum setzt die Entwicklung der Sprache voraus. Bemerkenswerterweise übte die Theorie von Noiré einen bedeutenden Einfluss auf die Sprachursprungsdebatte bis zu den 1950er Jahren aus. Bevor wir einige theoretische und historische Erklärungen für den dauerhaften Einfluss von Noirés Theorie anbieten, ist es notwendig, die allgemeinen Merkmale seiner Theorie und den Kontext, in dem sie entstanden ist, zu beschreiben. Nach der Darstellung der deutsch-englischen Sprachursprungsdebatte im 19. Jahrhundert wird ein Abschnitt besonders der Sprachursprungstheorie Noirés gewidmet. Schließlich wird die Sprachursprungstheorie Noirés vor dem Hintergrund des Naturalismus des 19. Jahrhunderts diskutiert.
Article outline
  • 1.Introduction
  • 2.The 19th-century debate on language origins
  • 3.The German debate
  • 4.Noiré’s theory of language origins
  • 5.Noiré and the debate on language origins. An overview
  • 6.Conclusions and further perspectives
  • Acknowledgements
  • Notes
  • References
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