Cover not available

Article published In: Historiographia Linguistica
Vol. 43:1/2 (2016) ► pp.61–97

Get fulltext from our e-platform
JBE logo with link
PDF logo with download linkDownload PDF
authorization required

British 18th-Century Orientalism and Arabic Dialectology

William Price of Worcester and his “Dialogues in the vulgar arabick of Morocco” (1797)

 | Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (Madrid)
 | Universidad Complutense de Madrid | Universidad de Granada
Published online: 28 June 2016
DOI logo with link
https://doi.org/10.1075/hl.43.1-2.03gon
Summary
This article examines a relatively unknown 18th century European source on Moroccan Arabic. It is the article entitled “Dialogues on the vulgar Arabick of Morocco”, published in London in 1797 by William Price (1771–1830), a self-taught linguist and orientalist from Worcester, England. Price’s work is one of the few European texts predating 1800 focused on Moroccan Arabic, and providing some information about this linguistic variety. As we explain, Price obtained these “Dialogues” from “some natives of Barbary”, who happened to be in London. In the first four sections of the article, we examine the life and works of William Price, we place his activities as an expert in Arabic and other of the so-called “Oriental languages” in the context of 18th century British Orientalism, and we analyse the contents of the “Dialogues” provided in his article. These “Dialogues” consist of a conversation between two interlocutors who are taking a stroll in a walled coastal town of the Moroccan Atlantic strip. The fifth section of our contribution is a linguistic dialectological analysis of both the Arabic and Latin character transcriptions of Moroccan Arabic provided by Price. We analyse different issues concerning the transcriptions given, and we focus our linguistic study on phonological, morphological and syntactical issues.
Résumé
Cet article examine une source européenne en arabe marocain relativement inconnue, l’article intitulé “Dialogues on the vulgar Arabick of Morocco”, publié à Londres en 1797 par Wiliam Price (1771–1830), un linguiste et orientaliste autodidacte de Worcester (Angleterre). Le travail de Price, étant un des rares textes européens en arabe marocain publié avant le XIXème siècle, nous permet d’accéder à quelques informations sur la variété linguistique dans laquelle est publiée le texte. Price obtient les « Dialogues » par le biais de “natifs de Berbérie” résidant à Londres. Dans les premières sections de notre article, on examine la vie de William Price qui était, dans le contexte de l’Orientalisme Britanique du XVIIIème siècle, un expert en arabe ainsi que dans d’autres ‘langues orientales’. Ensuite, on décrit ses travaux, puis le contenu des « Dialogues ». Le texte de Price est organisé comme une conversation entre deux interlocuteurs qui se promènent dans une ville fortifiée de la côte Atlantique. La cinquième section de notre contribution est une analyse linguistique du texte fourni par Price, transcrit aussi bien en caractères arabes qu’en caractères latins, dans laquelle on approfondi aussi bien dans la transcription que dans les aspects phonologiques, morphologiques et syntaxiques.
Zusamenfassung
Dieser Beitrag untersucht eine relativ unbekannte europäische Quelle zum marokkanischen Arabischen aus dem 18. Jahrhundert, nämlich den Artikel “Dialogues on the vulgar Arabick of Morocco”, der 1797 von William Price (1771–1830) in London veröffentlicht wurde. Price stammte aus der englischen Stadt Worcester und war als Linguist und Orientalist ein Autodidakt. Sein Artikel ist einer der wenigen europäischen Texte aus der Zeit vor 1800, der sich mit dem marokkanischen Arabischen beschäftigt und Informationen über diese sprachliche Varietät enthält. Price erhielt die “Dialogues” von “einigen Einheimischen aus der Berberei”, die in London verweilten. In den ersten vier Abschnitten des Beitrags gehen wir auf das Leben und Schaffen von William Price ein, wir erörtern seine Tätigkeit als Experte des Arabischen und anderer sogenannter “orientalischer Sprachen” im Rahmen des britischen Orientalismus des 18. Jahrhunderts, und wir analysieren den Inhalt der “Dialogues” im Artikel. Die “Dialogues” bestehen aus einem Gespräch zwischen zwei Gesprächspartnern, die sich während eines Spaziergangs in einer ummauerten Küstenstadt am Atlantik in Marokko miteinander unterhalten. Der fünfte Abschnitt unseres Beitrags ist eine linguistische und dialektologische Analyse der arabischen und lateinischen Transkriptionen des marokkanischen Arabischen, die Price angefertigt hat. Wir untersuchen verschiedene Aspekte der Transkriptionen und konzentrieren uns dabei auf phonologische, morphologische und syntaktische Fragen.
References (124)
References
A. Primary sources
Dodwell, Edward & James Samuel Miles. 1838. Alphabetical List of the Officers of the Bengal Army. London: Longman, Orme, Brown, and Co.Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Dombay, Franz von [Dombay, Francisci de]. 1800. Grammatica linguae mauro-arabicae juxta vernaculi idiomatis usum. Vindobonae: Camesina.Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Chénier, Louis de. 1787. Recherches Historiques sur les Maures et Hhistoire de l’Empire de Maroc, Paris: L’Auteur, Bailly, Royer et Imprimerie Polytype.Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
. 1788. The Present State of the Empire of Morocco. London: G. G. J. and J. Robinson.Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Hadley, George. 1772. Grammatical Remarks on the Practical and Vulgar Dialect of the Indostan Language, Commonly Called the Moors. With a vocabulary, English and Moors. The whole calculated for the Common Practice in Bengal. London: T. Cadell.Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Herbin, Auguste F. J. 1803. Développemens des Principes de la Langue Arabe Moderne. Paris: Baudouin.Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
H⊘st, Georg. 1779. Efterretninger om Marókos og Fes, samlede der i Landene fra 1760 til 1768. K⊘benhavn: trykt hos N. Möller.Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Jackson, James Grey. 1809. An Account of the Empire of Marocco and the Districts of Suse and Tafilelt. London: W. Bulmer and Co.Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Journal Asiatique, Vol. VI1. 1825. Paris: Donne-Dupré et sons.Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Lempriere, William. 1800. A Tour from Gibraltar to Tangier, Sallee, Mogodore, Santa Cruz and Tarudant; and thence over Mount Atlas to Morocco Including a Particular Account of the Royal Harem. Richmond: William Pritchard.Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Fell Smith, Charlotte. 1896. “William Price”. Dictionary of National Biography, vol. XLIV, Pocock-Puckering, ed. by Sidney Lee. 343–344, London: Macmillan and Co.Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Marcel, Jean J. 1799. Grammaire Arabe-Vulgaire du Dialecte d’Egypte. Kaire: Imprimerie Nationale.Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Morier, James J. 1824. The Adventures of Hajji Baba of Ispahan. London: John Murray. Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Morning Post, February 28, 1821.Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Moüette, Germain. 1683. Relation de la Captivité du Sieur Moüette dans les Royaumes de Fez et de Maroc. Paris: Jean Cochart.Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
New monthly magazine, vol. 301, 1830, p. 439.Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Nolleroth, Michaël B. 1787. Dissertatio academica de gente et lingua maroccana, publico eruditorum examini pro gradu modeste subjicit auctor et respondens Michaël B. Nolleroth, … in lyceo Carolino ad diem X martii 1787. Lundae: litteris Berlingianis.Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Norberg, Matthias. 1818. “X. De gente et lingua maroccana. Dissertatio”. Matthiae Norbergi Selecta Opuscula Academica, Pars Secunda, ed. by Johannes Norrmann. 267–287. Londini Gothorum: Litteris Berlingianis.Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Niebuhr, Carsten. 1772. Beschreibung von Arabien. Aus eigenene Beobachtungen und im Lande selbst gesammelten Nachrichten abgefasset von Carsten Niebuhr. Copenhagen. Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Ouseley, Gore. 1846. Biographical Notices of Persian poets, with Critical and Explanatory Remarks. London: W. H. Allen and Co.Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Ouseley, William. 1795. Persian Miscellanies: A essay to facilitate the reading of Persian manuscripts, with Engraved Specimens, Philological Observations, and Notes Critical and Historical. London: Richard White.Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
. 1797–1799. The Oriental Collections. Consisting of Original Essays and Dissertations, Translations and Miscellaneous papers, 31 vols. London: Cadell and Davies.Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
. 1814. “A Letter from Sir William Ouseley, to the Rev. H. T. Payne. Crickhowell, Aug. 7, 1809”. Motives to the Study of Hebrew: Collected by the Right Rev. The Lord Bishop of St. David’s in two parts, Part I, 44–47. London: W. Calvert.Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Price, William. 1797. “Dialogues in the vulgar Arabick of Morocco. Communicated by Mr. W. Price, of Worcester”. The Oriental Collections. Consisting of Original Essays and Dissertations, Translations and Miscellaneous papers, vol. I1, ed. by William Ouseley. 84–85 y 109–111. London: Cadell and Davies.Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
. 1813. “Letter from Mr. W. Price to the Bishop of St. David’s, Worcester, Aug. 15, 1809”. Letters on the Subject of the Election of a Professor of Hebrew and Oriental Languages in the University of Edinburgh. The Scots magazine and Edinburgh Literary Miscellany: Being a General Repository of Literature, History and Politics, for 1813, vol. LXXV1, 421–423. Edinburgh: Archibald Constable and Company.Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
. 1814. “A Letter from Mr. Price to the Bishop of St. David’s, Worcester, Aug. 15, 1809”. Motives to the Study of Hebrew: Collected by the Right Rev. The Lord Bishop of St. David’s in two parts, Part I, 47–51. London: W. Calvert.Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
. 1823. A Grammar of the Three Principal Oriental Languages, Hindoostanee, Persian, and Arabic. London: Kingsbury, Parbury and Allen.Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
. 1825. Journal of the British Embassy to Persia, mbellished with numerous views taken in India and Persia, also a dissertation upon the antiquities of Persepolis. London: Kingsbury, Parbury and Allen.Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
. 1827. Elements of Aanskrit, or an Easy Guide to the Indian Tongues. Worcester.Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
. 1828. A New Grammar of the Hindoostanee Language. To which are added selections from the best authors, familiar phrases and dialogues, in the proper character. London: Parbury, Allen, and Co.Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
. 1828. Husn-oo-Dil or Beauty and Heart. A pleasing allegory in eleven chapters composed by Alfettah of Nishapoor. Persian and English. Translated by William Price, M.R.S.L. London: Parbury, Allen and Co.Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Price, W. 1829. The Ch,hutru Prukash: a biographical account of Ch,hutru Sal, raja of Boondelkhund. Calcutta: Education Press.Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Rabbe, M. M. 1836. Biographie Universelle et Portative des Contemporaines, T. V. Paris: Rue du Colombier, 1836.Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Roebuck, Thomas. 1819. The Annals of the College of Fort-William. Calcutta: Hindoostanee Press.Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Savary, Claude Étienne. 1813. Grammaire de la Langue Arabe Vulgaire et Littérale. Paris: Imprimerie Impériale.Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Seaman, William [Gulielmo Seaman]. 1670. Grammatica linguae Turcicae, in quinque partes distributa. Oxford: Edvardum Millington.Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Silvestre de Sacy, Antoine Isaac. 1810. Grammaire Arabe à l’usage des élèves de l’école spéciale des langues orientales vivantes. Paris: Imprimerie Impériale.Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
. 1824. “A Grammar of the three principal…”. Journal des savans, janvier, 15–20. Paris: Imprimerie Royale.Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Socin, Albert. 1893. “Zum arabischen Dialekt von Marokko”, Abhandlungen der philologischhistorischen Classe der Königlich Sächsischen Gesellschaft der Wissenschaften zu Leipzig 141. 150–204. Leipzig: S. Hirzel.Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Socin, A. & Stumme, H. 1894. Der arabische Dialect der Houwāra des Wād Sūs in Morokko. Leipzig: S. Hirzel.Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
St. James Chronicle and London Evening Post, January 13, 1821.Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
The British Critic, June 1798, p. 603.Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
The gentleman’s magazine, 1808.Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
The gentleman’s magazine, vol. 1481, 1830, p. 185.Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
The Journal of the Ex Libris Society, 1899, p. 124.Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Torres, Diego de. 1585. Relación del origen y suceso de los xarifes y del estado de los reinos de Marruecos, Fez y Tarudante. Sevilla: Francisco Pérez.Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Turnbull, William. 1839. The Stirling Peerage, Trial of Alexander Humphrys or Alexander, Styling Himself Earl of Stirling, before the High Court of Justiciary for Forgery. Edinburgh and London: William Blackwood and Sons and T. Cadell.Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Valle Flemmarum, Agapitus a. 1845 [1687]. Flores grammaticales arabici idiomatis. Romae: Vincentio F. Castellini.Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
B. Secondary sources
Ackerman, Gérald M. 1991. Les Orientalistes de l’école britannique. Paris: ACR Édition.Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Aguadé, Jordi. 1998. “Un dialecte maʕqilien: le parler des Zʕīr”, Peuplement et arabisation au Maghreb occidental: dialectologie et histoire, edited by Jordi Aguadé, Patrice Cressier and Ángeles Vicente. 141–150. Madrid-Zaragoza: Casa de Velázquez-Universidad de Zaragoza.Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
. 2003. “Estudio descriptivo y comparativo de los fonemas del árabe dialectal marroquí”. Estudios de dialectología norteafricana y andalusí 71. 59–109.Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
. 2006. “Writing dialect in Morocco”. Estudios de dialectología norteafricana y andalusí 101. 253–274.Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
. 2012. “El árabe marroquí según un texto danés del siglo XVIII”. Séptimo centenario de los estudios orientales en Salamanca, 185–192. Salamanca: Universidad de Salamanca.Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Arberry, Arthur John. 1946. Asiatic Jones: The Life and Influence of Sir William Jones. Pioneer of Indian Studies. London: Longman.Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Auchterlonie, Paul. 1986. “The Development of Arabic Studies in Britain from the Middle Ages to the Present Day”. Arabic Resources: Acquisition and management in British Libraries, edited by David Burnett. 71–77. London: Mansell Publishing Limited.Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Avery, Peter. 2004. “Ouseley, Gore”. Encyclopaedia Iranica on line (accesed 1 March 2015).Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
. 2004. “Ouseley, William”. Encyclopaedia Iranica on line (accesed 1 March 2015).Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Barker, George Fisher Russell. 1995. “Ouseley, Sir Gore 1770–1844”. Dictionary of National Biography. CD-ROM, Oxford.Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Behn, Wolfgang H. 1989. Index Islamicus, 1665–1905. A bibliography of articles on Islamic subjects in periodicals and other collective publications. Millersville: Adiyok Publications.Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Benítez Fernández, M. 2010. La política lingüística de Marruecos: de la arabización a la aceptación del multilingüismo. Zaragoza: IEIOP.Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
2012a. “ TelQuel: una fuente contemporánea para el estudio del árabe marroquí”. De los manuscritos medievales a internete: la presencia del árabe vernáculo en las fuetes escritas, edited by Mohamed Meouak, Pablo Sánchez and Ángeles Vicente. 403–417. Zaragoza: IEIOP.Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
2012b. “Al-’Amal. Otro intento fallido de escribir en dārīža marroquí”. Dynamiques langagières en Arabophonies: variations, contacts, migrations et créations artistiques, edited by Alexandrine Barontini, Christophe Pereira, Ángeles Vicente and Karima Ziamari. 379–391. Zaragoza: IEIOP.Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Bourne, John Michael. 1977. The Civil and Military Patronage of the East India Company, 1784– 1858. PhD Thesis, University of Leicester.Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
. 1979. “The East India Company’s military seminary, Addiscombe, 1809–1858”. Journal of the Society for Army Historical Research 571. 206–22.Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Burnett, Charles. 1997. The Introduction of Arabic Learning into England. London: The British Library.Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Cannon, Garland. 1964. Oriental Jones: a Biography of Sir William Jones (1746–1794). Bombay and New York: Asia Publishing House.Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
. 1984. “Sir William Jones, Persian, Sanskrit and the Asiatic Society”. Histoire, Épistémologie, Langage 6: 6–2. 83–94. Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
. 1990. The life and Mind of Oriental Jones: Sir William Jones, the Father of Modern Linguistics. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Cantineau, Jean. 1960. Cours de phonétique árabe. Paris: Klincksieck.Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Carey, Daniel and Lynn Festa. 2009. The Postcolonial Enlightenment: Eighteenth-Century Colonialism and Postcolonial Theory. Oxford: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Caubet, D. 1999. “Arabe maghrébin: passage à l’écrit et institutions”. Faits des langues, Revue de linguistique 131. 235–244. Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
2010. “La Nayda par ses textes”. Magazine Littéraire du Maghreb 3–41. 99–105.Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
2012. “Apparition massive de la darija à l’écrit à partir de 2008–2009: sur le papier et sur la toile”. De los manuscritos medievales a internet: la presencia del árabe vernáculo en las fuentes escritas, edited by Mohamed Meouak, Pablo Sánchez and Ángeles Vicente, 377–402. Zaragoza: IEIOP.Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
2013. “Maroc 2011 – Messagerie instantanée sur l’internet marocain: Facebook, darija et parler jeunes”. Évolution des pratiques et représentations langagières dans le Marco du XXIème siècle, edited by Montserrat Benítez Fernández, Catherine Miller, Jan Jaap de Ruiter and Youssef Tamer, 63–86. Paris: L’Harmattan.Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Chaudhury, K. N. 1965. The English East India Company. The Study of an Early Joint-Stock Company 1600–1640. London: Routledge.Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Cherti, Myriam. 2008. Paradoxes of Social Capital: A Multi-Generational Study of Moroccans in London. Amsterdam: Amsterdam University Press. Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Colin, Georges S. 1987. Reprint. “Morocco: VII, Linguistic Survey”. E. J. Brill’s First Encyclopedia of Islam, 1913–1916, ed. by Houtsma, M. Th., Wensinck, A. J., Lévi-Provençal, E., Gibb, H. A. R., and W. Heffening, 597–604. Leiden: E. J. Brill.Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Dozy, Reinhart. 1967. Supplément aux Dictionnaires arabes. Vol 11. Leyde-Paris: Brill-Maisonnaueve et Larose.Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
El Mansour, Mohamed. 1990. Morocco in the reign of Mawlay Sulayman. Wisbech.: Middle East and North African Studies Press.Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Fell Smith, Charlotte. 2009. “Price, William (1771–1830)”. Oxford Dictionary of National Biography, 1885–1900, vol. 46. Oxford: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Fisher, Michael H. 2006. Counterflows to Colonialism: Indian Travellers and Settlers in Britain 1600–1857. Delhi: Permanent Black.Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Franklin, Michael John. 2000. Representing India: Indian Culture and Imperial Control in Eighteenth Century British Orientalist Discourse. New York: Routledge.Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Gallien, Claire. 2008. Connaître et imaginer l’Orient dans la littérature anglaise du XVIIIè siècle. Université Paris IV-Sorbonne. Doctoral Thesis.Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
. 2013. “Le manuel de langue orientale, reflet d’une politique coloniale? Le cas anglais en Inde (1757–1830)”. Manuels d’arabe d’hier et d’aujourd’hui: France et Maghreb, XIXe–XXIe siècle, edited by Sylvette Larzul and Alain Messaoudi. 31–46. Paris: Éditions de la Bibliothèque nationale de France. Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
González Vázquez, Araceli. 2014. “El árabe marroquí visto por un cautivo francés del siglo XVII: Estudio histórico, social y cultural del Dictionnaire François-Arabesque de Germain Moüette”. Miscelánea de Estudios Árabes y Hebraicos, Sección Árabe-Islam 631. 65–90.Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Green, Nile. 2009. “Journeymen, Middlemen: Travel, Transculture, and Technology in the Origins of Muslim Printing”. International Journal of Middle East Studies 41:2. 203–224. Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
. 2012. “Panassus of the Evangelical Empire: Orientalism and the English Universities, 1800–50”. The Journal of Imperial and Commonwealth History 40: 3. 337–355. Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Guerrero, Jairo. 2012. “La gramática de árabe marroquí del austríaco Franz von Dombay”. Séptimo centenario de los estudios orientales en Salamanca, 241–249. Salamanca: Universidad de Salamanca.Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Heath, Jeffrey. 1987. Ablaut and Ambiguity. Phonology of a Moroccan Arabic Dialect. Albany: State University of New York.Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Jones, John. 1997. Baliol college: a history. Oxford: Oxford Univeristy Press.Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Joseph, Betty. 2004. Reading the East India Company, 1720–1840: Colonial currencies of gender. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Khan, Gulfishan. 2013. “Indo-Persian Scholarship and the Formation of Orientalism”. Journal of the Pakistan Historical Society 51: 4. 7–54.Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Kopf, David. 1969. British Orientalism and the Bengal Renaissance: The Dynamics of Indian Modernization, 1773–1835. Berkeley: The University of California Press. Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
. 1995. “The historiography of British Orientalism, 1772–1992”. Objects of Enquiry: The Life, Contributions, and Influences of Sir William Jones (1746–1794), ed. by Garland Cannon and Kevin R. Brine, 141–160. New York, New York University Press.Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Lane-Poole, Stanley. 1995. “Ouseley, Sir William (1767–1842)”. Dictionary of National Biography. CD-ROM, Oxford.Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Larcher, Pierre. 2003. “Diglossie arabisante et fuṣḥā vs. ’āmmiyya arabes: essai d’histoire parallèle”, History of linguistics, 1999, Selected Papers from the Eighth International Conference on the History of the Language Sciences, 14–19 Semptember 1999, Fontenay-St. Cloud, by Sylvain Auroux. 47–92. Amsterdam: John Benjamins.Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Larzul, Sylvette. 2010. “Grammatisation et lexicographie de l’arabe algèrien au XIXè siècle”. Synergies Monde arabe 71. 89–100.Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Lévi-Provençal, Évariste. 1928. Documents inédits d’histoire almohade. Fragments manscrits du “legajo” 1919 du fonds arabe de l’Escurial, publiés et traduits avec une introduction et notes par E. Lévi-Provençal. Paris: Geuthner.Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Loubignac, Victorien. 1952. Textes arabes des Zaër. Transcription, traduction, notes et lexique. Publications de l’Institut des Hautes Études Marocaines. Paris: Librairie Orientale et Américaine Max Besson.Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Lucas, C. 2007. “Jespersen’s Cycle in Arabic and Berber”. Transactions of the Philological Society 105/3. 398–431. Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Marçais, W. 1908. Le dialecte arabe des Ulād Bṛāhim de Saïda (Département d›Oran). Chalonsur-Saone: Imprimerie E. Bretrand.Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Marshall, Peter J. 1970. The British Discovery of Hinduism in the Eighteenth Century. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Moscoso, Francisco. 2002. “El dialecto árabe de Essauira a partir de los textos publicados en 1893 por Albert Socin”. Estudios de Dialectología norteafricana y andalusí 61. 35–97.Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Moscoso García, Francisco. 2003. El dialecto árabe de Chauen. Estudio lingüístico y textos. Cádiz: Servicio de Publicaciones de la Universidad de Cádiz.Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
. 2008. “El estudio del árabe marroquí en España durante el siglo XIX. La obra de Manuel Bacas Merino”. Miscelánea de estudios árabes y hebraicos. Sección Árabe-Islam, 571. 269–293.Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
. 2011. “Un pionero en los estudios de árabe marroquí: el P. Fr. Patricio José de la Torre. Refranes y adagios”. Studia Orientalia 1111. 185–250.Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Mousavi, Ali. 2012. Persepolis. Discovery and Afterlife of a World Wonder. Boston/Berlin: De Gruyter. Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Mukherjee, Soumyendra Nath. 1968. Sir William Jones: a Study in Eighteenth-Century British Attitudes to India. Cambridge.Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Ogborn, Miles. 2008. Indian Ink: Script and Print in the Making of the English East India Company. Chicago: The University of Chicago Press.Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Premare, Alfred-Louis (de) et al. 1993–1999. Dictionnaire arabe-français. 121 vol. Paris: L’Harmattan.Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Rahman, Tariq. 2008. “The British Learning of Hindustani”. Pakistan Vision 8: 3. 19–55.Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Rocher, Rosane. 1993. “British Orientalism in the Eighteenth Century: The Dialectics of Knowledge and Government”, Orientalism and Post-Colonial Predicament: Perspectives on South Asia, edited by Carol A. Breckenridge and Peter van der Veer. 215–249. Pennsylvania: The University of Pennsylvania Press.Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Roman, André. 2005. “Grammaire générale et grammaires arabes en France”. Arabica 52: 3. 315–347. Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Saporta, Isabelle de. 1970. “Une enquête linguistique au XVIIIe siècle: le vocabulaire arabe et berbère recueilli par L. de Chénier, consul de France au Maroc”. Comptes rendus du Groupe Linguistique d’Études Chamito-Sémitiques (G.L.E.C.S.) XV1. 1–16.Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Toomer, G. J. 1996. Eastern Wisedome and Learning: The Study of Arabic in Seventeenth-Century England. Oxford: Oxford University Press. Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Troupeau, Gérard. 1997. “Deux cents ans d’enseignement de l’arabe à l’école des langues orientales”. Chroniques yéménites 4–5. On line: URL: [URL]
Vicente, Ángeles. 2000. El dialecto árabe de Anjra (norte de Marruecos): estudio lingüístico y textos. Zaragoza: Univesidad de Zaragoza.Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
. 2012. “Sur la piste de l’arabe marocain dans quelques sources écrites anci ennes (du XIIe au XVIe siècle)”. De los manuscritos medievales a Internet: la presencia del árabe vernáculo en las fuentes escritas, edited by Mohamed Meouak, Ángeles Vicente and Pablo Sánchez. 103–120. Zaragoza: Universidad de Zaragoza.Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Wilmsen, David. 2014. Arabic Indefinites, Interrogatives, and Negators. Oxford: Osford University Press. Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Wright, Denis. 2001. The English Amongst the Persians: Imperial Lives in Nineteenth-Century Iran. London: I. B. Tauris. Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Zack, Liesbeth. 2014. “Key to Mass Literacy or Professor’s Hobby? Fiske’s Project to Write Egyptian Arabic with the Latin Alphabet”. Al-’Arabiyya 471.1–19.Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Cited by (1)

Cited by one other publication

Guerrero, Jairo
2023. Hacia un estudio diacrónico del árabe marroquí: Acerca de algunos rasgos dialectales en los documentos árabes del siglo XVI conservados en el Arquivo Nacional da Torre do Tombo. Al-Qanṭara 44:2 ► pp. e16 ff. DOI logo

This list is based on CrossRef data as of 10 december 2025. Please note that it may not be complete. Sources presented here have been supplied by the respective publishers. Any errors therein should be reported to them.

Mobile Menu Logo with link to supplementary files background Layer 1 prag Twitter_Logo_Blue