Article published In: Historiographia Linguistica
Vol. 41:2/3 (2014) ► pp.299–322
The Making of the First Chinese-English Dictionary
Robert Morrison’s Dictionary of the Chinese Language in Three Parts (1815–1823)
Published online: 10 November 2014
https://doi.org/10.1075/hl.41.2-3.04yan
https://doi.org/10.1075/hl.41.2-3.04yan
Summary
The first printed Chinese–English dictionary was the Dictionary of the Chinese Language in Three Parts compiled by Robert Morrison (1782–1834) published between 1815 and 1823. Two hundred years later it is still in use. This paper traces the tradition of missionary bilingual lexicography in China from its origins down to Morrison. While early manuscript bilingual dictionaries solved the problems of transliteration, alphabetical arrangement of Chinese entries, definition and grammatical information, Morrison improved the transliteration system which he had inherited, invented a new index system matching alphabetically arranged transliterations with Chinese characters, and provided a large number of citations from Chinese classics and popular contemporary Chinese books. Morrison’s lexicographical legacy is reflected in the fact that his transliteration was adopted as the basis for the Wade-Giles system and that the macrostructure and microstructure of his dictionary became a model for Samuel Wells Williams’ (1812–1884) Syllabic Dictionary of the Chinese Language 漢英韻府 (1874, re-edited until 1909) and Henry Allen Giles’ (1845–1935) Chinese-English Dictionary (1892, last ed., 1972.)
Résumé
Le premier dictionnaire chinois-anglais imprimé fut le Dictionary of the Chinese Language in Three Parts compilé par Robert Morrison (1782–1834) publié entre 1815 et 1823. Deux cents ans après, il est encore utilisé. Cet article retrace la tradition de la lexicographie bilingue missionaire en Chine de ses origines à Morrison. Si les premiers manuscrits des dictionnaires bilingues résolurent les problèmes de la translitération, de l’arrangement alphabétique des entrées chinoises, de la définition et de l’information grammaticale, Morrison améliora le système de translitération dont il avait hérité, inventa un nouveau système d’index assortissant les translitérations alphabétiquement arrangées avec les charactères chinois et fournit un grand nombre de citations des classiques chinois et des livres chinois contemporains populaires. L’héritage lexicographique de Morrison est reflété dans le fait que sa translitération fut adoptée comme base pour le système Wade-Giles et que la macrostructure et la microstructure de son dictionnaire devinrent un modèle pour Syllabic Dictionary of the Chinese Language 漢英韻府 (1874, réédité jusqu’en 1909) de Samuel Wells Williams (1812–1884) et Chinese-English Dictionary (1892, dernière édition, 1972) de Henry Allen Giles (1845–1935).
Zusammenfassung
Das erste gedruckte Chinesisch-Englische Wörterbuch war Dictionary of the Chinese Language in Three Parts, das von Robert Morrison (1782–1834) zwischen 1815 und 1823 herausgegeben wurde. Zweihundert Jahre später ist es immer noch in Gebrauch. In diesem Artikel handelt es sich um die missionarische Tradition der zweisprachigen Lexikographie in China vom Anfang bis Morrison. Während die frühen handschriftlichen zweisprachigen Wörterbücher die Probleme der Transliteration, der alphabetischen Anordnung der chinesischen Artikel, der Definition und grammatischen Informationen lösten, verbesserte Morrison zusätzlich das von ihm fortgeführte Transliterationssystem. Er erfand auch ein neues Indexsystem, das den alphabetisch geordneten Transliterationen mit chinesischen Schriftzeichen entspricht, und bot umfangreiche Zitate aus klassischen chinesischen Werken sowie beliebten zeitgenössischen chinesischen Büchern. Der lexikographische Beitrag von Morrison zeigt auch, dass seine Transliteration als Grundlage für das Wade–Giles-System übernommen wurde und das sowohl die Makro-als auch die Mikrostruktur von seinem Wörterbuch als Modell für Syllabic Dictionary of the Chinese Language 漢英韻府 (1874, Neuauflagen bis 1909) von Samuel Wells Williams (1812–1884) und Chinese-English Dictionary von Henry Allen Giles (1845–1935) von 1892 (zuletzt 1972 herausgegeben) diente.
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Golvers, Noël
2021. The Jesuits as translators between Europe and China (17th–18th
century). In Missionary Linguistics VI [Studies in the History of the Language Sciences, 130], ► pp. 101 ff.
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