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Article published In: Historiographia Linguistica
Vol. 41:2/3 (2014) ► pp.247–297

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More on “Arabic Linguistic Terminology in Pedro de Alcalá”

 | University of Amsterdam
Published online: 10 November 2014
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https://doi.org/10.1075/hl.41.2-3.03zwa
Summary
The main purpose of this paper is to analyze Spanish linguistic terms and their translations into Arabic in Pedro de Alcalá’s (c.1455–post 1505) Vocabulista arauiga en letra castellana, the first printed missionary Spanish–Arabic dictionary, which appeared together with his Arte para ligeramente saber la lengua arauiga (1505). In 1981 William Cowan published a list of Arabic grammatical and linguistic terms in the grammatical treatise (Arte). As will be demonstrated in the present study, Pedro de Alcalá’s dictionary is an even more important source for the study of Arabic linguistic terms as they circulated among ‘the wise alfaquis’ – the informants of Pedro de Alcalá – in Andalusia and Granada after the Conquest of 1492. In general, Pedro de Alcalá follows the Vocabulario español-latino (c.1495) composed by Antonio de Nebrija (1441/44–1520), but it is obvious that he added a number of linguistic terms in his Vocabulista not found in Nebrija’s work. The Arabic terms have a long history and had been developed for the Arabic language. These terms are analyzed in detail. Some of them are obviously erroneous, others are correct, and often the Arabic technical terms do not correspond (entirely) to the Spanish source entries, since technical terms in both languages have been developed for the description of different languages. This paper contributes to the historiography of descriptive linguistics in early modern Spain and particularly highlights which strategies Pedro de Alcalá followed when translating Graeco-Latin concepts into Arabic.
Résumé
L’objet principal de cet article est d’analyser les termes linguistiques espagnols et leurs traductions en arabe, dans le Vocabulista arauiga en letra castellana de Pedro de Alcalá (vers 1455–post 1505), le premier dictionnaire missionnaire espagnol-arabe imprimé, qui parut en même temps que son Arte para ligeramente saber la lengua arauiga (1505). En 1981, William Cowan publia une liste de termes grammaticaux et linguistiques arabes qu’on trouve dans ce traité grammatical (Arte). Comme nous le montrerons, le dictionnaire de Pedro de Alcalá est une source plus importante même que l’Arte pour l’étude des termes linguistiques arabes, tels qu’ils circulaient parmi les “sages alfaquis” – les informateurs de Pedro de Alcalá – en Andalousie et à Grenade, après la conquête de 1492. En général, Pedro de Alcalá suit le Vocabulario español-latino (vers 1495) composé par Antonio de Nebrija (1441/44–1520), mais il est clair qu’il a ajouté un certain nombre de termes linguistiques dans son Vocabulista, qui ne se trouvent pas dans le dictionnaire de Nebrija. Ces termes arabes ont une longue histoire et ont été développés pour l’arabe. Ces termes sont analysés en détail. Certains sont évidemment erronés, mais d’autres sont corrects et, souvent, les termes techniques arabes ne correspondent pas (entièrement) aux entrées originales espagnoles, la terminologie dans les deux langues ayant été développée pour des langues différentes. Cet article contribue à l’historiographie de la linguistique descriptive dans les débuts de l’Espagne moderne et met l’accent, en particulier, sur les stratégies suivies par Pedro de Alcalá, quand il traduit des concepts gréco-latins en arabe.
Zusammenfassung
In diesem Beitrag gehtes um die Analyse der spanischen sprachwissenschaftlichen Termini und ihre Übersetzung ins Arabische im Vocabulista arauiga en letra castellana von Pedro de Alcalá (um 1455–post 1505), dem ersten gedruckten spanisch-arabischen Wörterbuch für Missionare, welches zur gleichen Zeit wie sein grammatischer Traktat, die Arte para ligeramente saber la lengua arauiga (1505), erschienen war. 1981 hatte William Cowan eine Liste grammatischer und linguistischer Termini publiziert, welche sich in der Arte finden. Hier wird gezeigt, dass das Wörterbuch von Pedro de Alcalá eine wichtigere Quelle für das Studium der arabischen linguistischen Terminologie als die Arte ist, welche unter den “gelehrten Alfaquis”, den Informanten Pedro de Alcalás, in Andalusien und Granada, nach der “Rückeroberung” von 1492, verwendet wurde. Im Großen und Ganzen folgt Pedro von Alcalá dem Vocabulario español-latino (ca.1495) von Antonio de Nebrija (1441/44–1520), aber es versteht sich von selbst, dass er auch etliche Termini in seinem Vocabulista hinzufügt, die sich nicht bei Nebrija finden. Diese arabischen Termini haben eine lange, für die Beschreibung des Arabischen entwickelte Tradition, und die wird hier genauer analysiert. Einige seiner Termini sind offensichtlich irrtümlich gewählt, aber andere sind durchaus zutreffend; oft genug entsprechen sie aber (nicht ganz) den spanischen Einträgen, handelt es sich doch um Terminologien für sehr unterschiedlich strukturierte Sprachen. Der vorliegende Artikel versteht sich als Beitrag zur Geschichte der deskriptiven Sprachwissenschaft zu Beginn des modernen Spanien und hebt besonders die Vorgehensweise von Pedro de Alcalá beim Übertragen griechisch-lateinischer Begriffichkeit ins Arabische hervor.
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