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Article published In: Historiographia Linguistica
Vol. 38:1/2 (2011) ► pp.85–110

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On the Origins of the Term Phoneme

 | University of Münster
Published online: 26 May 2011
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https://doi.org/10.1075/hl.38.1-2.03mug
Summary
Hitherto unknown works by Antoni Dufriche-Desgenettes (1804–1878) show that he used the term phonème earlier than assumed until now: the word is attested in manuscripts of March 1865 but the publication of the first article in which it occurs was apparently delayed until 1868. Possibly, Dufriche did not “invent” the expression himself but borrowed it, at least indirectly, from the Bulgarian philosopher Petăr Beron (c. 1799–1871), who had used it several years previously for the sound aspect of a word. This usage may also be the reason why some later authors applied the term phonème to sound sequences.
Résumé
Des travaux jusque-là inconnus d’Antoni Dufriche-Desgenettes (1804–1878) démontrent qu’il a utilisé le terme phonème plus tôt qu’on ne le croyait jusqu’à présent: Le mot est attesté dans des manuscrits du mars 1865, mais apparemment la publication du premier article dans lequel il apparait fut retardée jusqu’à 1868. Il est possible que Dufriche n’ait pas “inventé” l’expression lui-même mais qu’il l’ait emprunté, au moins indirectement, du philosophe bulgare Petăr Beron (c. 1799–1871); Beron l’avait utilisé quelques années auparavant pour désigner le côté phonique d’un mot. Cet usage pourrait aussi être la raison pour laquelle quelques auteurs postérieurs ont employé le terme phonème pour des séquences de sons.
Zusammenfassung
Bisher unbekannte Werke von Antoni Dufriche-Desgenettes (1804–1878) zeigen, dass er den Terminus phonème früher benutzt hat als bis jetzt angenommen: Das Wort ist in Manuskripten vom März 1865 belegt, aber die Veröffentlichung des ersten Artikels, in dem es vorkommt, hat sich offenbar bis 1868 verzögert. Möglicherweise hat Dufriche den Ausdruck nicht selbst “erfunden”, sondern zumindest indirekt von dem bulgarischen Philosophen Petăr Beron (c. 1799–1871) entlehnt, der damit einige Jahre zuvor die lautliche Seite eines Wortes bezeichnet hatte. Dieser Sprachgebrauch mag auch der Grund dafür sein, dass manche späteren Autoren den Terminus phonème für Lautfolgen verwendeten.
References (103)
Archival materials
17. I am most grateful to Jean Leclant, Secrétaire perpétuel de l’Académie des Inscriptions et Belles Lettres, for granting me permission to use these materials and to Piero d’Houin for his generosity in locating the documents, providing me with photographs and allowing me to reproduce them.
AIBL 7 avril 1865: Archives de l’Institut de France (Paris), Académie des Inscriptions et Belles Lettres, séance du 7 avril 1865 (unfoliated). No. 23: Letter from [Antoni] Dufriche[-Desgenettes] to [Joseph] Guigniaut [1794–1876, secrétaire perpétuel de l’Académie des Inscriptions et Belles-Lettres], 31 March 1865, accompanied by a table “Alphabet unitaire, servant de base à un système complet de prononciation figurée et destiné à faciliter l’étude phonologique de toute langue, et même de tout idiome dépourvu de signes graphiques, &c., &c. par A. D. D.” with “Notes éparses” (verso).17
AN F7* 2555: Archives nationales (Paris), Fonds publics postérieurs à 1789, série F: Versements des ministères et des administrations qui en dépendent; sous-série 7: Police générale; cote 2555: Passeports, juillet – déc. 1820 (registre). Fol. 953: Enregistrement du 21 août 1820.
AN F18* IV 143: Archives nationales (Paris), Fonds publics postérieurs à 1789, série F: Versements des ministères et des administrations qui en dépendent; sous-série 18: Imprimerie, librairie, presse censure; IV: Enregistrement du dépôt légal à Paris, ouvrages périodiques; cote 143: Année 1868, A-B (registre).
BnF NAF 24493(2): Bibliothèque nationale de France (Paris), Département des Manuscrits, Nouvelles acquisitions françaises, Correspondance et papiers de Louis Havet, cote 24493(2): X Drake-Duverd. Fol. 171–191: Letters from [Antoni] Dufriche[-Desgenettes], 23 May 1873–27 July 1875.
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Cited by seven other publications

Moreno-Fernández, Francisco
2024. Cognitive attributes of preclassical phonology. In The Continuity of Linguistic Change [Studies in Language Variation, 31], ► pp. 15 ff. DOI logo
Comtet, Roger
2023. Jan Ignacy Necisław Baudouin de Courtenay (1845–1929). Historiographia Linguistica 50:1 ► pp. 35 ff. DOI logo
NIXON, JESSIE S. & Fabian Tomaschek
2023. Does Speech Comprehension Require Phonemes?. In The Handbook of Usage‐Based Linguistics, ► pp. 161 ff. DOI logo
Ivanov, A. V.
2022. For Never Was a Mazier Mystery Than That of Phoneme and Its History. Nauchnyi dialog 11:6 ► pp. 9 ff. DOI logo
Aronoff, Mark
2019. Competitors and Alternants in Linguistic Morphology. In Competition in Inflection and Word-Formation [Studies in Morphology, 5], ► pp. 39 ff. DOI logo
Dresher, B. Elan
2016. Contrast in Phonology, 1867–1967: History and Development. Annual Review of Linguistics 2:1 ► pp. 53 ff. DOI logo
Mugdan, Joachim
2014. More on the Origins of the Term phonème . Historiographia Linguistica 41:1 ► pp. 185 ff. DOI logo

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