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Article published In: Historiographia Linguistica
Vol. 38:1/2 (2011) ► pp.37–84

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John Bulwer and the Quest for a Universal Language, 1641–1644

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Published online: 26 May 2011
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https://doi.org/10.1075/hl.38.1-2.02wol
Summary
A pioneer of the language sciences, John Bulwer (1606–1656) published on universal language at the beginning of the English ‘scientific revolution’. The Comenians, centered in Bulwer’s own city of London and known for open communication, were interested in this subject area; yet Bulwer’s contact with them, if any, is unclear. This article argues that Bulwer’s Baconian research program on expression and gesture was the response of a non-puritan physician to the convergence of three factors: publication of John Wilkins’s Mercury (1641); ongoing discussions about universal language during Comenius’s stay in England (September 1641–June 1642); and the religious-political crisis of the time.
Résumé
Un pionnier des sciences du langage, John Bulwer (1606–1656) a publié sur la langue universelle au début de la ‘révolution scientifique’ anglaise. Les Coméniens, centrés à Londres (la propre ville de Bulwer), étaient connus pour leur ouverture et intéressés à son domaine, mais ses relations avec eux, s‘il y en eut, ne sont pas claires. Cet article démontre que le programme de recherche ‘baconien’ de Bulwer sur l’expression et le geste était la réponse d’un médecin non puritain à la convergence de trois facteurs : la publication du Mercury (1641) de John Wilkins ; les échanges en cours sur la langue universelle durant le séjour de Comenius en Angleterre (Septembre 1641–Juin 1642) et la crise politique et religieuse du temps.
Zusammenfassung
Zu Beginn der englischen ‘wissenschaftlichen Revolution’ hatte John Bulwer (1606–1656), ein Pionier der Sprachforschung, Veröffentlichungen zur Universalsprache vorgelegt. Die Comenianer waren in London, Bulwers Heimatstadt, stark vertreten und bekannt für den freien Austausch von Ideen, darunter auch über die Frage einer Universalsprache. Es bleibt jedoch unklar, ob und inwiefern sie mit Bulwer Beziehungen unterhielten. Dieser Beitrag möchte den Nachweis erbringen, dass sich das ‘baconianische’ Programm Bulwers zu Ausdruck und Gestik als die Antwort eines Arztes auf die Konvergenz von drei Faktoren bezieht, die Publikation von John Wilkins’ Mercury (1641), die laufenden Diskussionen zur Universalsprache während Comenius’ Aufenthalt in England (September 1641–Juni 1642) und die politisch-religiöse Krise der Zeit.
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