Article published In: Historiographia Linguistica
Vol. 35:1/2 (2008) ► pp.83–120
Reassessing Nineteenth-Century Missionary Linguistics on the Pacific Northwest Coast
Published online: 7 March 2008
https://doi.org/10.1075/hl.35.1-2.06tom
https://doi.org/10.1075/hl.35.1-2.06tom
Summary
This article reconsiders various aspects of missionary linguistics on the Pacific Northwest Coast in the late 19th century. In particular, it explores the complex relationship between Alfred Hall’s (1853–1918) A Grammar of the Kwagiutl Language (1888) and Charles Harrison’s (d.1926) Haida Grammar (1895), and it is shown that, in many cases, both the basic analytical framework and the clarificatory examples that Harrison used were largely derived from Hall’s work. Such connections have not been recognised previously, and yet they are of importance, since they indicate that traditional Graeco-Roman categories and paradigms were not the only templates used by missionaries who were seeking to analyse the indigenous languages of North America. In addition, Hall’s and Harrison’s accounts of numerals in Kwak’wala and Haida (respectively) are reassessed, and it is suggested that their analyses were influenced by the classificatory approaches presented in contemporaneous studies of non-Western languages (e.g., Japanese).
Résumé
Cet article jette un nouveau coup d’oeil sur différents aspects des travaux linguistiques entrepris par les missionnaires à la fin du XIXe siècle dans la partie septentrionale de la côte ouest de l’Amérique du Nord. On y examine, en particulier, la relation complexe liant A Grammar of the Kwagiutl Language (1888), par Alfred Hall (1853–1918), et l’ouvrage de Charles Harrison (m. en 1926), Haida Grammar (1895). On y montre que dans bien des cas tant le cadre analytique que les exemples (à des fins de clarification) dont se servit Harrison dérivaient dans une large mesure du livre de Hall. On n’avait jamais vu ces liens antérieurement, qui pourtant ont leur importance en ce qu’ils indiquent que les catégories et paradigmes gréco-romains traditionnels ne sont pas les seules bases dont se servaient les missionnaires cherchant à analyser les langues autochtones d’Amérique du Nord. De plus, on y examine de nouveau les descriptions des chiffres (du Kawak’wala chez Hall, du Haida chez Harrison), et on propose que leurs analyses s’appuyaient dans une certaine mesure sur des approches de classification qu’on trouvait alors dans des travaux traitant de langues non-occidentales (le japonais par exemple).
Zusammenfassung
Die Missionars-Linguistik der pazifischen Nordwest-Küste vom Ausgang des 19. Jahrhunderts weist verschiedene interessante Charakteristika auf, die in dem Beitrag einer erneuten Analyse unterzogen werden. Besonders die komplexen Beziehungen zwischen Alfred Halls (1853–1918) A Grammar of the Kwagiutl Language (1888) und Charles Harrisons (†1926) Haida Grammar (1895) werden kritisch durchleuchtet, und dabei zeigt es sich, dass sehr oft sowohl die Analysemethoden als auch die illustrierenden Beispiele, welche sich in Harrisons Grammatik finden, weitgehend dem Werk Halls entnommen sind. Das hatte man bislang übersehen, und dabei ist dies doch wichtig, zeigt es doch, dass die traditionellen griechisch-römischen Kategorien und Denkmuster nicht die einzigen waren, die von den Missionaren bei der Beschreibung indigener Sprachen Nordamerikas herangezogen worden sind. Halls und Harrisons Beschreibung der Zahlwörter in Kwak’wala und bzw. in Haida werden erneut überdacht und es wird vorgeschlagen, ihre Analysen als von Klassifikationsverfahren beeinflusst zu deuten, die bei der Beschreibung zeitgenössischer Sprachen zu finden sind, die mit westlichen Sprachen nicht in Verbindung stehen, also etwa Japanisch.
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Cited by (5)
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Koerner, E.F.K.
Tomalin, Marcus
[no author supplied]
2020. The historiography of linguistics past, present, future. In Last Papers in Linguistic Historiography [Studies in the History of the Language Sciences, 128], ► pp. 3 ff.
[no author supplied]
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