Article published In: New Approaches to the Study of Later Modern English
[Historiographia Linguistica 33:1/2] 2006
► pp. 11–38
Deconstructing female conventions
Ann Fisher (1719–1778)
Published online: 17 July 2006
https://doi.org/10.1075/hl.33.1.04rod
https://doi.org/10.1075/hl.33.1.04rod
Summary
This paper examines Ann Fisher’s (1719–1778) most important and influential work, A New Grammar (1745?). In this grammar, the author did not follow the trend of making English grammar fit the Latin pattern, a common practice still in the eighteenth century. Instead, she wrote an English grammar based on the nature and observation of her mother tongue. Besides, she scattered throughout her grammar a wide set of teaching devices, the ‘examples of bad English’ being her most important contribution. Her innovations and her new approach to the description of English grammar were indeed welcomed by contemporary readers, since her grammar saw almost forty editions and reprints, it influenced other grammarians, for instance Thomas Spence (1750–1814), and it reached other markets, such as London. In order to understand more clearly the value of this grammar and of its author, this grammar has to be seen in the context of her life. For this reason, we will also discuss some details of her unconventional lifestyle: unconventional in the sense that she led her life in the public sphere, not happy with the prevailing idea that women should be educated for a life at home.
Résumé
Cet article porte sur la vie et l’oeuvre d’une personne bien connue dans le nord, Ann Fisher (1719–1778), mettant l’accent sur ce qui faisait d’elle une excentrique. Tout en étant une bonne épouse et une bonne mère, elle dévoua sa vie à la chose publique, peu heureuse face à la croyance, bien ancrée à l’époque, selon laquelle l’éducation féminine ne devait visait qu’à préparer les femmes pour une vie de foyer. Fisher devint une riche femme d’affaires, tant avant qu’après son mariage, et l’auteur d’un grand nombre de livres traitant d’éducation. Ses écrits furent influencés par ce mode de vie excentrique, ce qui transparaît le plus nettement dans son livre le mieux connu, a New Grammar (1745?). Dans cette grammaire, l’auteur ne suivit pas la tendance de faire concorder la grammaire anglaise avec la latine, pratique toujours courante au XVIIIe siècle. Elle écrivit plutôt une grammaire anglaise s’appuyant sur la nature et sur l’observation de sa langue maternelle. De plus, à travers toute sa grammaire elle présenta une large gamme de méthodes pédagogiques, les ‘exemples de mauvais anglais’ étant son innovation la plus importante. Ses innovations et sa nouvelle approche de la description de la grammaire anglaise furent bien reçus par ses lecteurs de l’époque, vu que sa grammaire se verra ré-imprimée et réimprimée presque quarante fois, et qu’elle influença d’autres grammairiens, par exemple Thomas Spence (1750–1814), et arriva sur d’autres marchés, tels que Londres et Leeds.
Zusammenfassung
In diesem Beitrag geht es um die wichtigste und einflußreichste Veröffentlichung von Ann Fisher (1719–1778), A New Grammar (1745?). Fisher ging es darin nicht um die Anpassung der englischen Grammatik an das Lateinische, so wie es noch bis ins 18. Jh. üblich war. Vielmehr verfaßte sie eine englische Grammatik, die auf genauen Beobachtungen ihrer Muttersprache basierte. Hierzu streute sie immer wieder Lehrhinweise in ihre Grammatik ein, wobei die ‘Beispiele für schlechtes Englisch’ ihr wichtigster Beitrag darstellt. Die neuartige Methode bei der Beschreibung des Englischen fanden bei ihren zeitgenössischen Lesern durchaus Gefallen, was sich u.a. in 40 Neuauflagen und Nachdrucken niederschlug; ferner diente ihr Werk als Vorbild für weitere Grammatiker, z.B. Thomas Spencer (1750–1814), und verbreitete sich auf anderen Märkten, etwa London und Leeds. Aber um die volle Bedeutung dieser Grammatik und ihrer Autorin besser verstehen zu können, muß man alles im Rahmen der Biographie Ann Fishers sehen, weswegen hier auch einige ungewöhnliche Einzelheiten behandelt werden, an denen deutlich wird, daß sie ein Leben in der Öffentlichkeit der damals üblichen Auffassung vorzog, die Frau habe schlicht und einfach ‘Hausfrau’ zu sein.
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