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Article published In: Historiographia Linguistica
Vol. 31:1 (2004) ► pp.59–104

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Contested past

Anti-Brahmanical and Hindu nationalist reconstructions of Indian prehistory

 | Universität Heidelberg
Published online: 30 July 2004
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https://doi.org/10.1075/hl.31.1.05ber
Summary
During the British colonial regime in the 19th century Western Indologists and missionaries, with the participation of the indigenous scholars who controlled traditional systems of knowledge, formed models for the description of early religious history which was especially inspired by linguistic ideas whose central concept was the so-called ‘Aryan immigration’ into Northern India. This Orientalist historiography concerning events that lay back several thousand years found its way into political and religious discourse in one form or another. These projections developed into highly significant ingredients of the various political, ethnic, and religious movements and parties, such as the Dravidian Movement or the Nationalist Hindu groupings. The present paper tries to map out the corner stones of modern-day discourses concerning Indian pre- and early history which has developed into something of a veritable battle about the past..
Résumé
À l’époque de la domination coloniale britannique, au XIXe siècle, indologues occidentaux et missionaires chrétiens, avec la participation des érudits autochtones, détenteurs du savoir ancestral, mirent en place des modèles afin de décrire l’histoire religieuse ancienne du sous-continent indien. Ces modèles s’inspiraient lourdement de la science linguistique, dont l’idée centrale était la soi-disante ‘invasion aryenne’. Cette historiographie orientaliste, qui traitait d’événements remontant à plusieurs millénaires dans le passé, se retrouva par la suite, sous une forme ou une autre, dans les représentations politiques et religieuses. Elle joua un rôle important au sein de divers mouvements et partis, tels que le mouvement Dravidien ou les regroupements nationalistes Hindous. Le présent article cherche à identifier les points principaux de cette représentation moderne de la préhistoire et de l’histoire ancienne indiennes; représentation qui semble parfois devenir un combat portant sur le passé.
Zusammenfassung
Während der britischen Kolonialherrschaft im 19. Jahrhundert begründeten westliche Indologen und christliche Missionare unter Beteiligung Gelehrter der traditionellen einheimischen Wissenssysteme ein vor allem von Sprachwissenschaft inspiriertes Beschreibungsmodell der frühen südasiatischen Religionsgeschichte, dessen zentrale Idee die sogenannte “arische Einwanderung” war. Diese orientalistische Geschichtsschreibung über Ereignisse, die mehrere tausend Jahre zurücklagen, fand unter unterschiedlichen Vorzeichen Eingang in politische und religiöse Diskurse, und in der Folgezeit wurden diese Projektionen in hohem Maße Bestandteil des Selbstverständnisses verschiedenster politischer und religiöser Bewegungen und Parteien in Indien (z. B. in der dravidischen Bewegung und in hindu-nationalistischen Gruppierungen). Der Beitrag versucht die Eckpunkte dieses modernen Diskurses über die indische Vor- und Frühgeschichte, der im gegenwärtigen Indien geradezu zu einem Kampf um die Vergangenheit geworden ist, nachzuzeichnen.
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Cháirez-Garza, Jesús F.
2022. Moving untouched: B. R. Ambedkar and the racialization of untouchability. Ethnic and Racial Studies 45:2 ► pp. 216 ff. DOI logo
Gross, Tori
2022. Constructing a caste in the past: Revisionist histories and competitive authority in South India. Modern Asian Studies 56:6 ► pp. 1774 ff. DOI logo
Binder, Stefan
2019. From Secularism to Popular Progressiveness: Popular Religion and the Creation of Telangana Regionalism. In The Secular in South, East, and Southeast Asia, ► pp. 239 ff. DOI logo
Dandekar, Deepra
2018. Women, Overview. In Hinduism and Tribal Religions [Encyclopedia of Indian Religions, ], ► pp. 1 ff. DOI logo
Dandekar, Deepra
2022. Women, Overview. In Hinduism and Tribal Religions [Encyclopedia of Indian Religions, ], ► pp. 1783 ff. DOI logo
Bornet, Philippe
2014. Missionnaires orientalistes et orientalistes tamouls : Lectures et relectures du Tiruvācakam. Études de lettres :2-3 ► pp. 227 ff. DOI logo
Grünendahl, Reinhold
2012. History in the Making: On Sheldon Pollock’s “NS Indology” and Vishwa Adluri’s “Pride and Prejudice”. International Journal of Hindu Studies 16:2 ► pp. 189 ff. DOI logo
Reddy, Deepa
2011. Hindutva as Praxis. Religion Compass 5:8 ► pp. 412 ff. DOI logo
[no author supplied]
2020.  Pour une historiographie engagée; or where historians of linguistics could still do better. In Last Papers in Linguistic Historiography [Studies in the History of the Language Sciences, 128], ► pp. 37 ff. DOI logo

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