Article published In: Historiographia Linguistica
Vol. 3:3 (1976) ► pp.315–348
Langue and Parole Since Saussure
Published online: 1 January 1976
https://doi.org/10.1075/hl.3.3.04hew
https://doi.org/10.1075/hl.3.3.04hew
Summary
It is not possible and in fact not necessary to review everything that has been written since the publication of Saussure’s Cours de linguistique générale concerning the langue / parole diachotomy. What is attempted in the present article is first of all a concrete analogy for langue and parole, so that these two notions, which have been so often misunderstood, can be presented in as concrete a manner as possible, and secondly to follow certain interesting developments of the basic Saussurian notions. The concrete analogy which is used is that of the child’s construction set, such as a Meccano set for example. The set itself is an analogy for langue, and the models, such as planes, cars, machines, etc., that the child makes are a model for parole or discourse. This concrete analogy also serves to illuminate ‘the infinite use of finite means’, the finite means being langue, and the infinite use parole. Next an examination is made of certain of the Saussurean notions that have provoked discussion over the years:
(1) langue as a pure ίοrm; (2) psychologism; (3) the sociological notions; (4) synchrony as static linguistics. Subsequent to (4) the notions of process and generation are examined, and this leads first of all to a critical examination of the terms competence and performance, along with their underlying notions, and then to a discussion of the psychomechanics of Gustave Guillaume. It is pointed out that Guillaume’s theory is an interesting development’ of the Saussurian notions and that some of the criticisms by Wunderli in HL 1:1/1974 are based upon a fundamental misapprehension of the notion of parole in Guillaume.
Résumé
Il est impossible et peu nécessaire de passer en revue tout ce qu’on a écrit depuis le CLG de Saussure sur les notions de langue et parole. Tout ce qu’on essaie ici, c’est de présenter ces deux notions, si mal comprises pour la plupart, d’une manière aussi concrète que possible, et de suivre quelques développements intéressants des notions de base qu’on trouve chez Saussure. L’analogie concrète dont on se sert est celle d’un jouet d’enfant: un jeu de Meccano, un nécessaire de construction (=langue) dont les petits garçons se servent pour construire des modèles d’avions, d’autos, de machines, etc. (Ces modèles=parole, discours). C’est de cette façon qu’on arrive à représenter concrètement “l’utilisation infinie (parole, discours) des moyens finis (langue)”. Ensuite, on examine quelques aspects des notions saussuriennes qui ont fait couler de l’encre: (1) la langue comme forme pure; (2) le psychologisme; (3) les relations sociologiques; (4) la synchronie comme statisme. A partir de (4) on examine les notions de processus et at génération, ce qui mène d’abord à un examen critique des termes compétence/ performance et de leurs notions soujacentes, et ensuite à une discussion de la psychomécanique de Gustave Guillaume. On signale que la théorie de Guillaume est un développement intéressant des notions saussuriennes, et que quelques critiques de Wunderli dans HL 1:1/1974 sont basées sur une méprise fondamentale de la notion de parole chez Guillaume.
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Cited by (8)
Cited by eight other publications
Contini-Morava, Ellen
Gordon, W. Terrence
1992.
Saussure: Signs, Systems, and Arbitrariness. By David Holdcroft. Historiographia Linguistica 19:2-3 ► pp. 369 ff.
Antal, László
Hewson, John
Hewson, John
Hewson, John
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