Article published In: Historiographia Linguistica
Vol. 26:3 (1999) ► pp.355–382
The ‘Brazilian Connection’ in the History of American Linguistics
The notebook of Joaquim Mattoso Câmara
Published online: 7 January 2000
https://doi.org/10.1075/hl.26.3.11alt
https://doi.org/10.1075/hl.26.3.11alt
Summary
When mention is made of Brazil in connection with American linguistics, it usually amounts to a reference to the Linguistic Circle of New York, where Roman Jakobson (1896–1982) and Claude Lévi-Strauss (b.1908), who had come from Brazil where he had done ethnological work, met and exchanged ideas. This singular event has cast a shadow on other contacts between Brazil and American linguistics, of which, the one between Jakobson and the Brazilian linguist Joaquim Mattoso Câmara (1904–1970) was much more consequential, at least as far as the implementation of structural linguistics in Brazil and in South America generally during the 1950s and the 1960s is concerned. Mattoso Câmara came to the United States and spent most of his time in New York City (September 1943 till April 1944), where he got exposure to Praguean type structuralism, notably through Jakobson’s lectures he attended at Columbia University and at the École Libre of New York, which had been established by European refugees at the time. He also participated in the first meetings of the Linguistic Circle of New York in 1943 as one of its co-founders. Following his return to Rio de Janeiro, Mattoso Câmara proposed, in 1949, as his doctoral thesis a phonemic description of Brazilian Portuguese. The work was published a few years later, in 1953. His most influential work, Princípios de Lingüística Gerai, first published in 1954, had two more revised and updated editions (1958, 1967) and served to introduce several generations of Brazilian as well as other South American students to structural linguistics during the 1950s and 1960s.
Résumé
Quand on fait référence aux rapports entre le Brésil et la linguistique américaine, on pense surtout au Cercle Linguistique de New York, où Roman Jakobson (1896–1982) et Claude Lévi-Strauss (n.1908), qui avait fait des recherches ethnologiques au Brésil, se sont rencontrés au début des années quarante. Cet évènement important, mais isolé, a mis au deuxième plan d’autres contacts entre le Brésil et les États-Unis à cette époque, comme la rencontre entre Jakobson et le linguiste brésilien Joaquim Mattoso Câmara (1904-1970). Cette rencontre a eu beaucoup plus de conséquences, surtout en ce qui concerne l’établissement de la linguistique structurale au Brésil et en Amérique du Sud pendant les années cinquante et soixante. Mattoso Câmara séjourna aux États-Unis entre septembre 1943 et avril 1944. Pendant cette période, Mattoso Câmara a participé aussi aux premières réunions du Cercle Linguistique de New York en 1943 dont il a été un des fondateurs. Dans les années suivantes, après son retour au Brésil, Mattoso Câmara a proposé, en 1949, à l’Université de Rio de Janeiro, une description phonémique du Por-tuguais du Brésil comme thèse de doctorat. Ce travail fut publié en 1953, mais son livre magistral, les Princípios de lingüística gerai de 1954, a été revisé et élargi à deux reprises (1958, 1967) et introduisait plusieurs générations d’étudiants brésiliens – et sud-américains en général – à la linguistique structurale.
Zusammenfassung
Wenn jemals von einem Kontakt zwischen Amerika und Brasilien in Sachen Sprachwissenschaft die Rede ist, dann denkt man vor allem, wenn nicht gar ausschließlich, an den Linguistic Circle of New York und das Zusammentreffen von und den Austausch zwischen Roman Jakobson (1896–1982) und Claude Lévi-Strauss (geb.1908), der jüngst aus Brasilien gekommen war, wo er ethnologischen Studien betrieben hatte. Dieses besondere Ereignis hat jedoch einen großen Schatten auf andere Verbindungen zwischen der brasilianischen und amerikanischen Sprachwissenschaft geworfen, worunter das Zusammentreffen zwischen Jakobson und dem brasilianischen Linguisten Joaquim Mattoso Câmara (1904–1970) weit bedeutender war, zumindest was die Etablierung der strukturallen Linguistik in Brasilien und all-gemein in Südmerika während der 1950er und 1960er Jahre anbetrifft. Mattoso Câmara fur zwei Semester in die Vereinigten Staaten und verbrachte die meise Zeit in New York City (September 1943 bis April 1944). Dort fand er Zugang zum Prager Strukturalismus, insbesondere durch Jakobsons Vorle-sungen an der Columbia University und an der École Libre de New York, die zu der Zeit von europäischen Fluchtlingen eingerichtet wurde. Er nahm auch an den ersten Treffen des Linguistic Circle of New York im Jahr 1943 als einer der Mitbegrunder teil. Nach seiner Rlickkehr nach Rio de Janeiro schlug Mattoso Câmara 1949 eine phonemische Beschreibung des brasilianischen Portugiesisch als Doktorarbeit vor. Die Arbeit erschien im Jahr 1953. Sein einfluBreichstes Werk, Princípios de lingüística gerai, erstmalig 1954 er-schienen, erlebte zwei weitere, verbesserte und erweiterte Auflagen (1958, 1967) und diente während der 1950er und 1960er Jahre mehreren Generationen von Brasilianern und auch anderen sudamerikanischen Studenten als Einfuhrung in die strukturale Linguistik.
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