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Article published In: Historiographia Linguistica
Vol. 22:3 (1995) ► pp.335–367

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Roman Jakobson and the history of Saussurean concepts in North American Linguistics

 | Michigan State University
Published online: 1 January 1995
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https://doi.org/10.1075/hl.22.3.04fal
Summary
Leonard Bloomfield was the major force in the initial dissemination of Saussurean concepts in North America (Joseph 1989a, Koerner 1989), but his role was limited to his middle years from 1922 to 1933, and for some time thereafter American linguists paid little attention to Saussure’s Cours. In fact, studies on Saussure tend to move directly from Bloomfield to Noam Chomsky (e.g., Gadet 1989, Joseph 1990), with little discussion of the intervening quarter century in American linguistics. However, when Roman Jakobson arrived in New York in 1941, he brought with him a long record of commentary and criticism on Saussure’s ideas, and through his American teaching and publications, Jakobson became the next major source of attention to Saussure’s work. In this paper, I examine Jakobson’s complex positions on Saussure, with special attention to his first two decades in the United States. I then briefly consider Jakobson’s role in a third period of Saussurean concepts in the history of American linguistics, a period of revived interest that began in the late 1950s, engaging linguists from a diversity of theories and coinciding in the next decade with the republication of Jakobson’s European writings and with the rise of North American interest in the history of linguistics.
Résumé
Leonard Bloomfield fut la force majeure derrière la dissémination des concepts saussuriens en Amérique du Nord (Joseph 1989a, Koerner 1989). Cependant, son rôle fut limité aux années médianes de sa vie, c’est à dire de 1922 à 1933, et pendant longtemps après, les linguistes américains se préoccuperent peu du Cours de Saussure. De fait, les études sur Saussure tendent à sauter de Bloomfield directement à Noam Chomsky (e.g., Gadet 1989, Joseph 1990), avec très peu de discussion sur le quart de siècle intermédiaire dans la linguistique américaine. Pourtant, quand Roman Jakobson arriva à New York en 1941, il apporta avec lui une longue carrière de commentateur et de critique des idées saussuriennes et, par son enseignement et ses publications en Amérique, Jakobson devint le prochain linguiste à porter une attention importante au travail de Saussure. Dans cet article, je examinerai d’abord les positions complexes de Jakobson vis-à-vis Saussure, avec une attention particulière aux deux premières décennies de sa carrière aux États-Unis. Ensuite, je considérerai brièvement le role de Jakobson durant une troisième période dans l’histoire de la linguistique américaine, une période qui commença vers la fin des années ’50 et qui fut marquée par un intérêt ranimé pour les concepts saussuriens, engageant des linguistes d’une variéte de convictions théoriques et coincidant, durant la prochaine décennie, avec une hausse d’intérêt Nord Américain pour l’histoire de la linguistique.
Zusammenfassung
Leonard Bloomfield war die führende Kraft in der ersten Verbreitungsphase der saussureschen Gedankenwelt in Nordamerika (Joseph 1989a, Koerner 1989), obwohl seine Rolle auf die mittleren Jahre seiner wissenschaftlichen Tätigkeit von 1922 bis 1933 beschränkt blieb und amerikanische Sprachwissenschaftler sich in den Jahren danach nur selten mit Saussures Cours beschäftigten. In der Tat gehen Saussure-Studien zumeist direkt von Bloomfield zu Noam Chomsky (e.g., Gadet 1989, Joseph 1990) über, mit nur wenigen Erörterungen in der amerikanischen Sprachwissenschaft während des dazwischenliegendem Vierteljahrhunderts. Jedoch als Roman Jakobson (1896–1982) 1941 nach New York kam, brachte er sein umfassendes Wissen und seine Kritik des saussureschen Gedankenguts mit sich und wurde durch seine Vorlesungen und Veröffentlichungen in Amerika die nächste wichtige Quelle für die Saussure-Rezeption. Im vorliegendem Aufsatz wird Jakobsons differenziertere Diskussion der Ideen Saussures, insbesondere während seiner ersten zwanzig Jahre in Amerika, untersucht. Weiterhin wird Jakobsons Rolle in einer dritten Phase der Aufnahme des saussureschen Gedankenguts in der Geschichte der amerikanischen Sprachwissenschaft kurz dargestellt. Diese Periode setzt allmählich in den späten fünfziger Jahren ein und fällt in den sechziger Jahren mit der Neuveröffentlichung von Jakobsons europäischen Schriften zusammen und dem beginnenden Interesse an der Geschichte der Sprachwissenschaft in Nordamerika.
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Cited by (10)

Cited by ten other publications

Testenoire, Pierre-Yves
2023. Aux origines du Cercle linguistique de New York. Historiographia Linguistica 50:2-3 ► pp. 268 ff. DOI logo
Testenoire, Pierre-Yves
2024. Courses in general linguistics by Roman Jakobson at the École Libre des Hautes Études. In History of Linguistics 2021 [Studies in the History of the Language Sciences, 133], ► pp. 220 ff. DOI logo
Van de Walle, Jürgen
2008. Roman Jakobson, cybernetics and information theory: A critical assessment. Folia Linguistica Historica 42:Historica vol. 29 DOI logo
Van de Walle, Jürgen, Dominique Willems & Klaas Willems
2006. Structuralism. In Handbook of Pragmatics, ► pp. 1 ff. DOI logo
Van de Walle, Jürgen, Dominique Willems & Klaas Willems
2022. Structuralism. In Handbook of Pragmatics [Handbook of Pragmatics, ], ► pp. 1318 ff. DOI logo
Altman, Cristina
2004. A conexão americana: Mattoso Câmara e o círculo lingüístico de Nova Iorque. DELTA: Documentação de Estudos em Lingüística Teórica e Aplicada 20:spe ► pp. 129 ff. DOI logo
Altman, Cristina
2021. The ‘Brazilian Connection’ in the History of American Linguistics. Historiographia Linguistica ► pp. 355 ff. DOI logo
Falk, Julia S.
2003. Turn to the history of linguistics. Historiographia Linguistica 30:1-2 ► pp. 129 ff. DOI logo
Joseph, John E.
1998.  Jakobson entre l’Est et l’Ouest, 1915–1939: Un épisode de l’histoire de la culture européenne. Édité par Françoise Gadet et Patrick Sériot. Historiographia Linguistica 25:1-2 ► pp. 227 ff. DOI logo
Patri, Sylvain
1998. Un Problème de Phonologie en 1922. Historiographia Linguistica 25:3 ► pp. 303 ff. DOI logo

This list is based on CrossRef data as of 10 december 2025. Please note that it may not be complete. Sources presented here have been supplied by the respective publishers. Any errors therein should be reported to them.

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