Article published In: Historiographia Linguistica
Vol. 20:2/3 (1993) ► pp.341–454
On generativity
The history of a notion that never was
Published online: 1 January 1993
https://doi.org/10.1075/hl.20.2-3.08ney
https://doi.org/10.1075/hl.20.2-3.08ney
Summary
Chomsky insists that he has always understood a generative grammar to be “nothing more than an explicit grammar”. Other commentators have understood that ‘generate’ means ‘specify an infinite set’ and that a ‘generative’ grammar is a grammar which specifies an infinite set of sentences. This understanding of the term ‘generative’ has had a long and interesting history within the confines of linguistic theory starting in the writings of Chomsky’s intellectual predecessors and continuing through the writings of Chomsky himself. In some cases, it even seems that ‘to generate’ is a near synonym for ‘to produce’ both in the writings of Chomsky and of other early transformationalists. In other instances, it is difficult to see how ‘explicit’, an adjective, can serve as a synonym for ‘generate’, a verb as this verb has been used throughout the history of transformational generative linguistics. Furthermore, it would appear that a rule like move-α has little or no meaning in a non-generative grammar, i.e., one that is merely ‘explicit’, one that does not rely on process type statements as its modus operandi. Nevertheless, in the recent history of transformationalism, Chomsky insists that ‘generative’ means nothing more than ‘explicit’ and nothing less. To him, the notion that ‘generative’ has something to do with specifying or characterizing a set of sentences is a notion that never was.
Résumé
Chomsky maintient qu’il a toujours défini une grammaire generative comme étant “… rien de plus qu’une grammaire explicite”. D’autres commentateurs ont soutenu que ‘générer’ veut dire ‘spécifier un ensemble infini’ et qu’une grammaire ‘générative’ est une grammaire que spécifie un ensemble infini de phrases. Cette conception du terme ‘générative’ a eu une histoire longue et intéressante à l’intérieur de la théorie linguistique depuis les écrits des prédécesseurs intellectuels de Chomsky et a continué à travers les ouvrages de Chomsky lui-même. Dans certains cas, il apparaît que ‘générer’ est presque un synonyme pour ‘produire’, dans les écrits de Chomsky et d’autres transformationalistes des années 50. En d’autres cas, il est difficile de voir comment ‘explicite’, un adjectif, pourrait servir de synonyme pour ‘générate’, un verbe, comme ce verbe a été employé à travers l’histoire de la linguistique transformationelle et générative. De plus, il semble qu’une règle comme ‘move-α’ fait peu de sens ou pas de sens du tout dans une grammaire non-générative, i.e., une grammaire que n’est qu’‘explicite’ qui ne s’appuie pas sur des constatations du type procès comme son modus operandi. Cependant, dans l’histoire récente du générativisme, Chomsky insiste que ‘générative’ ne veut dire plus qu’‘explicite’ et rien de moins. Pour lui, la notion que ‘générative’ a quelque chose à faire avec la spécification ou la cractérisation d’un ensemble de phrases est une notion qui n’a jamais existée.
Zusammenfassung
Chomsky besteht darauf, daß er stets unter einer ‘generativen Grammatik’ nichts anderes verstanden habe als eine ‘explizite Grammatik’. Andere Kommentatoren meinen jedoch, daß ‘generativ’ eher für eine Grammatik stehe, die ‘ein infinites Ganzes spezifiziere’ und daß eine ‘generative’ Grammatik eine Grammatik sei, die ein infinites Ganzes von Sätzen spezifiziere. Dieses Verständnis des Terminus ‘generativ’ hat eine lange und interessante Geschichte innerhalb der Sprachtheorie, die mit Schriften von Chomskys intellektuellen Vorgängern seinen Anfang genommen hat und die Schriften Chomskys durchzieht. In einigen Fällen scheint es, daß ‘to generate’ ein Synonym für ‘to produce’ sei, sowohl in Chomskys Arbeiten wie auch in denen der übrigen frühen Transformationalisten. In anderen Fällen ist es eher schwer auszumachen, wie ‘explicit’, ein Adjektiv, als ein Synonym für ‘generate’, ein Verb, stehen kann in der Weise wie es durchweg in der Geschichte der transformationell-generativen Linguistik verwendet worden ist. Darüberhinaus scheint es, daß eine Regel wie ‘move-α’ wenig oder überhaupt keinen Sinn innerhalb einer nichtgenerativen Grammatik gäbe, i.e., in einer Grammatik, die bloß ‘explizit’ ist, oder einer, die sich nicht auf Feststellungen, die auf Prozessartigkeit als ihr modus operandi bestehen, stützt. Dennoch, wie die jüngste Geschichte des Generativismus zeigt, besteht Chomsky darauf, daß ‘generativ’ nicht mehr als ‘explizit’ bedeute, aber auch nicht weniger. Für ihn ist ‘generative’ als etwas, was mit Spezifizieren oder mit Charakterisieren eines ‘set of sentences’ zu tun habe, eine Auffassung, die es nie gegeben hätte.
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