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Article published In: Historiographia Linguistica
Vol. 20:2/3 (1993) ► pp.399–440

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The origin and developmemt of generative semantics

 | University of Waterloo
Published online: 1 January 1993
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https://doi.org/10.1075/hl.20.2-3.07har
Summary
Against the background of the controversial and polarized work of Frederick Newmeyer and Robin Tolmach Lakoff, this paper chronicles the early development of generative semantics, an internal movement within the transformational model of Chomsky’s Aspects of the Theory of Syntax. The first suggestions toward the movement, whose cornerstone was the obliteration of the syntax-semantics boundary, were by George Lakoff in 1963. But it was the work conducted under the informal banner of “Abstract Syntax” by Paul Postal that began the serious investigations leading to such an obliteration. Lakoff was an active participant in that research, as were Robin Tolmach Lakoff, John Robert (“Háj”) Ross and James D. McCawley. Through their combined efforts, particularly those of McCawley on semantic primitives and lexical insertion, generative semantics took shape in 1967: positing a universal base, importing notions from predicate calculus, decomposing lexical structure, and, most contentiously, rejecting the central element of the Aspects model, deep structure.
Résumé
Dans l’optique des ouvrages controversés et polarisés de Frederick Newmeyer et Robin Tolmach Lakoff, cet article retrace les débuts de la sémantique générative, un mouvement issu du modèle transformationel de Aspects of the Theory of Syntax. de Noam Chomsky. Les premières impulsions vers ce mouvement, qui eut pour pierre angulaire l’abolition des frontières entre la syntaxe et la sémantique, furent données par George Lakoff en 1963. Ce fut, cependant, le travail de Paul Postal, dirigé sous l’emblème de ‘syntaxe abstraite’, qui engendra les recherches sérieuses menant à une telle abolition. Lakoff s’avéra un participant actif, ainsi que Robin Tolmach Lakoff, John Robert (“Háj”) Ross et James D. McCawley. Par leurs efforts conjoints, pariculièrement ceux de McCawley au sujet de ‘semantic primitives’ et ‘lexical insertion’, la sémantique générative prit forme en 1967: la supposition d’une base universelle, l’adoption de notions empruntées au calcul des prédicats, la décomposition de la structure lexicale et – objet de la plus grande controverse – le rejet de l’élément central du modèle de Aspects, la ‘structure profonde’.
Zusammenfassung
Vor dem Hintergrund der kontroversen und polarisierten Arbeiten von Frederick Newmeyer (1980 u.ö) und Robin Tolmach Lakoff (insbes. 1989), unternimmt der vorliegende Beitrag den Versuch, die frühe Entwicklung der Generativen Semantik nachzuzeichnen, die zunächst nichts weiter als eine Bewegung innerhalb des transformationeilen Modells von Chomskys Aspects of the Theory of Syntax war. Die ersten Anstöße hierzu, deren Eckpfeiler die Tilgung der Grenze zwischen Syntax und Semantik war, kamen von George Lakoff im Jahr 1963. Aber es waren Arbeiten von Paul Postal unter dem Zeichen ‘abstrakte Syntax’, die zu ernsthaften Untersuchungen und schließlich zur Sprengung der Syntax/Semantik-Grenze führten. Lakoff war ein aktiver Mitarbeiter, genauso wie Robin Tolmach Lakoff, John Robert (“Háj”) Ross und James D. McCawley. Durch ihre vereinten Kräfte, nicht zuletzt anfgrund der Überlegunen von McCawley zu ‘semantic primitives’ und ‘lexical insertion’, nahm die Generative Semantik i.J. 1967 Gestalt an: Annahme einer universalen Basis, Hineinahme von Erkenntnissen aus der Prädikationsrechnung, Zergliederung der lexikalischen Struktur, und – wohl besonders kontrovers – Verwerfung des zentralen Angelpunkts des Aspects-Modells, der sog. ‘Tiefenstruktur’.
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