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Article published In: Historiographia Linguistica
Vol. 18:1 (1991) ► pp.1–48

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The first quarter century of the Linguistic Society of America, 19240–1949

 | El Institute Obregón, San Francisco
Published online: 1 January 1991
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https://doi.org/10.1075/hl.18.1.03mur
Summary
The Linguistic Society of America was founded in 1925 by scholars trained in traditional philological methods but more interested in building a science of linguistics than in literary studies. Language, the official journal of the new society became an organ for structural descriptions of sound systems of diverse languages. The Linguistic Institute, a summer training program, speeded diffusion of the new structuralist methods. Focus on native speech rather than on literary texts was a hallmark of the ‘application’ of structuralist linguistics to the teaching of languages in military intensive language programs during the Second World War, and in some academic programs (notably at Cornell University) after the war. After the war Language expanded, and a number of other linguistics journals began publishing. The extent to which these other journals were complements and the extent to which they were rivals remains controversial. Patterns of publications follow lines of theoretical divergence within what is sometimes mistakenly regarded as a neo-Bloomfieldian monolith. It is argued that the self-annuling prestige of the linguistic analyst in the process of language learning contributed to the difficulty of establishing a profession based on ‘the science of language’ in the late 1940s and through the 1950s. The analytical role of native speakers in the Bloomfieldian tradition is contrasted with that in the Sapirian tradition.
Résumé
La Société linguistique d’Amérique (LSA) fut fondée en 1924 par des érudits formés dans les méthodes philologiques traditionnelles mais plus intéressés à la création d’une science linguistique qu’à la consolidation des études littéraires. La revue officielle de la LSA, Language, devenait l’organe pour la description structurale des systèmes des divers langages. Le ‘Linguistic Institute’, un program estival, accélérait la diffusion de cette nouvelle méthode structuraliste. Le centre d’attention était sur les langages parlés plutôt que les textes littéraires; pendant la deuxième guerre mondiale et à certaines universités (notamment à l’Université Cornell) après la guerre, la linguistique structuraliste fut ‘appliquée’ dans des programmes intensifs langagiers et dans l’enseignement des langues étrangères. Après 1945 la revue Language étendait et d’autres revues (Word, Studies in Language, Romance Philology) furent lancées. Cependant, il n’est pas toujours clair s’il y avait beaucoup de rivalité entre elles, même si leurs divergences théoriques contredisent la thèse d’une hégémonie absolue de la position néo-bloomfieldienne. Le prestige auto-effaçant de l’analyste dans le procès de l’apprentissage langagier a contribué à la difficulté dans l’établissement d’une profession à la base d’une ‘science du langage’ vers la fin des années 40 et pendant la décade suivante. Le reste de l’article traite de la différence entre les traditions bloomfieldienne et sapirienne en ce qui tient au rôle analytique du locuteur natif.
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Cited by (9)

Cited by nine other publications

Thomas, Margaret
2024. Three documents bearing on the foundation of the Linguistic Society of America in the age of scientific racism. In History of Linguistics 2021 [Studies in the History of the Language Sciences, 133], ► pp. 198 ff. DOI logo
Léon, Jacqueline
2015. Convergences, transferts et intégrations entre sciences du langage, sciences et ingénierie en temps de guerre et de guerre froide (1941-1966). Revue d'histoire des sciences humaines :26 ► pp. 315 ff. DOI logo
Altman, Cristina
2004. A conexão americana: Mattoso Câmara e o círculo lingüístico de Nova Iorque. DELTA: Documentação de Estudos em Lingüística Teórica e Aplicada 20:spe ► pp. 129 ff. DOI logo
Altman, Cristina
2021. The ‘Brazilian Connection’ in the History of American Linguistics. Historiographia Linguistica ► pp. 355 ff. DOI logo
Nuessel, Frank
1994. The linguistics wars. Lingua 94:4 ► pp. 270 ff. DOI logo
Nuessel, Frank
1996. Theory groups and the study of language in North America. A social History. Lingua 99:2-3 ► pp. 155 ff. DOI logo
Murray, Stephen O.
1990. The reviewer responds. Historiographia Linguistica 17:1-2 ► pp. 234 ff. DOI logo
Murray, Stephen O.
1994. Sex and the economy of speaking turns. Journal of Pragmatics 21:2 ► pp. 215 ff. DOI logo
[no author supplied]
2021. Bibliographie. In Aux origines des sciences humaines, ► pp. 865 ff. DOI logo

This list is based on CrossRef data as of 10 december 2025. Please note that it may not be complete. Sources presented here have been supplied by the respective publishers. Any errors therein should be reported to them.

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