Article published In: Historiographia Linguistica
Vol. 17:1/2 (1990) ► pp.167–181
Competence vs. performance; theoretical vs. applied
The development and interplay of two dichotomies in modern linguistics
Published online: 1 January 1990
https://doi.org/10.1075/hl.17.1-2.13new
https://doi.org/10.1075/hl.17.1-2.13new
Summary
The past 30 years have seen marked shifts in the generative grammarians’ view of the nature of linguistic competence. The rule-oriented period of early Transformational Grammar, which was ushered in by the publication of Chomsky’s Syntactic Structures in 1957, gave way a decade later to the principle-oriented period of Generative Semantics. By the mid-1970s, the rule-oriented Lexicalist framework had replaced Generative Semantics. Since around 1981, the principle-oriented Principles & Parameters approach is the one to which a majority of generative syntacticians hold allegiance. Each shift in the generativists’ view of the nature of competence has been accompanied by a revised view of how concepts derived from generative syntax might be applied to second language teaching. Since 1957, three different strategies for applying the theory have been propounded: the ‘mechanical’, the ‘terminological’, and the ‘implicational’, each of which has been instantiated during each period in the development of generative syntax. The paper closes with some speculative remarks about the feasibility of applying generativist theory to second language teaching.
Résumé
Les trente dernières années ont vu des changements marquants dans la façon dont les générativistes ont regardé la nature de la compétence linguistique. La première période de la grammaire générative, initiée par la publication de Syntactic Structures de Noam Chomsky en 1957, et caractérisée par l’orientation vers le concept de ‘règle’, fut remplaçée dix ans plus tard par la sémantique générative qui avait une orientation de ‘principe’. Vers les années mi-soixante-dix le cadre lexicaliste, qui avait le concept de ‘règle’ comme base d’opération, remplaça la sémantique générative. Depuis le début des années quatre-vingt, l’approche de principes et paramètres est celle qui est suivie par la plupart des syntacticiens générativistes. Chaque changement dans le point de vue générativiste de la nature de la ‘compétence’ a entrainé une revision dans la façon qu’on a essayé d’appliquer des concepts dérivés de la syntaxe générative. Depuis 1957, on a proposé au moins trois stratégies d’application de cette théorie: la ‘mécanisée’, la ‘terminologique’ et l’‘implicationnelle’, chacune étant provoquée par des différents développements dans la syntaxe générative. L’article se termine sur une spéculation concernant la possibilité d’une application de la théorie générative l’enseignement des langues secondes.
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Liang, Yiming, Pascal Amsili & Heather Burnett
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