Article published In: Historiographia Linguistica
Vol. 16:3 (1989) ► pp.235–256
Benedetto Varchi as etymologist
Published online: 1 January 1989
https://doi.org/10.1075/hl.16.3.03war
https://doi.org/10.1075/hl.16.3.03war
Summary
In the Ercolano (1570) Benedetto Varchi (1503–1565), an important figure in the linguistic controversies of the Cinquecento, provides etymologies for a significant number of Italian terms, the majority of which are ascribed to three sources: Latin, Latin deriving ultimately from Greek, and Provençal. Study of 233 such word origins from the perspective of modern theory shows Varchi’s general accuracy regarding Latin and Greek elements but an exaggeration of the lexical impact of Provençal. Furthermore, despite his own willingness to offer hypotheses, this philologist ridicules the search for derivations. Examination of certain facets of Varchi’s outlook sheds light on these contradictions. We find him concerned primarily with the language of elite groups. In addition, he employs ‘etymology’ in two different senses, and minimizes the significance of the individual word. An adherent of the Aristotelian ad placitum doctrine, Varchi has an imperfect understanding of sound change. His correctness regarding Classical etyma proceeds from a solid Humanistic preparation, while overestimation of Provençal influence may be associated with his reverence for the tenets of Pietro Bembo (1470–1547) and his obsession with the independence of the Italian vernacular. The Ercolano fails to specify possible sources for Varchi’s etymological views.
Résumé
Dans l’Ercolano (1570) Benedetto Varchi (1503–1565), participant important dans les débats linguistiques du Cinquecento, fournit l’étymologie d’un nombre considérable de mots italiens, les partageant surtout entre trois catégories: termes d’origine latine, termes d’origine latine mais primordialement dérivés du grec, et termes d’origine provençale. L’étude de 233 de ses ‘étyma’ regardés dans la perspective d’une étymologie moderne montre la précision générale de Varchi quant aux éléments latins et grecs, mais aussi l’influence exagérée qu’il attribue au provençal. D’ailleurs, tout en proposant lui-même des hypothèses, ce philologue ridiculise la recherche des dérivations. L’examen de certaines particularités de la pensée de Varchi éclaire ces contradictions. L’auteur s’intéresse principalement au langage des classes supérieures. En plus, il emploie ‘étymologie’ dans deux sens différents et minimise l’importance du mot pris d’une façon isolée. Partisan de la doctrine aristotélicienne de l’ ad placitum, Varchi a une compréhension imparfaite des changements phonétiques. Sa correction en ce qui concerne les étymons classiques procède d’une solide formation humaniste, tandis que la surestimation de l’influence provençale ressortirait à son respect pour les principes de Pietro Bembo (1470–1547) et à son obsession de l’indépendance du vernaculaire italien. L’Ercolano ne laisse pas entrevoir les sources éventuelles des théories étymologiques de Varchi.
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