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Article published In: Historiographia Linguistica
Vol. 15:1/2 (1988) ► pp.263–287

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Dutch dialectology

The national and the international perspective

 | University of Nijmegen
Published online: 1 January 1988
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https://doi.org/10.1075/hl.15.1-2.13hag
Summary
This paper presents an historical sketch of Dutch dialectology in a twofold perspective: the national perspective, in which dialectology is an integral part of the study of Dutch, and the international perspective, in which Dutch dialectology participates in international developments in the field. The period until 1880 has a clearly self-centered orientation; especially in the 19th century, dialects are viewed as a part of the national heritage. The German and French schools in linguistic geography are used as examples in the period of the emergence of scientific Dutch dialectology (1880–1930); after pioneering work at the turn of the century, it takes until the twenties before a good infrastructure for dialect research is built up. Two of the promotors from that period, Jac. van Ginneken (1877–1945) and Gesinus G. Kloeke (1887–1963), receive special attention for their remarkable sociolinguistic contributions to dialectology. The period 1930–1960 is one of consolidation and of fundamental reflections upon the history and the differentiation of Dutch, as can be seen from different types of studies (basic projects, regional dialect studies, diffusion studies, contact studies). The most recent period since 1960 again displays a more international character as is demonstrated with reference to structural, generative, and sociolinguistic dialect studies.
Résumé
Cet article présente un aperçu, en deux perspectives, de l’histoire de la dialectologie néerlandaise: la perspective nationale dans laquelle la dialectologie fait partie des études du néerlandais, et la perspective internationale dans laquelle la dialectologie néerlandaise participe dans les développements internationaux de la discipline. Jusqu’en 1880, l’orientation était exclusivement intérieure: l’optique du XIXe siècle était nationale et on considérait les dialectes comme faisant partie du patrimoine culturel de la nation. Entre 1880 et 1930, les écoles allemande et françhise de la géographie linguistique servirent de modèle à la dialectologie scientifique naissante dans les Pays Bas; les pionniers se situent à l’entrée du siècle, mais il faudra attendre les années vingt avant qu’on n’obtienne l’infrastructure requise pour la recherche dialectologique. Deux grands dialectologues de l’époque, Jac. van Ginneken (1877–1945) et Gesinus G. Kloeke (1887–1963), ont été ressortis ici pour leurs remarquables contributions sociolinguistique à la dialectologie. La période de 1930 à 1960 est caracterisée par la consolidation professionelle et par la réflexion fondamentale sur l’histoire et sur la différentation de la langue néerlandaise; plusieurs genres d’études le démontrent: grands projects descriptifs, études sur les dialectes régionaux, études sur la diffusion langagière, sur les dialectes en contact, etc. La dernière période, depuis 1960, montre, de nouveau, une orientation plutôt internationale; on y trouve des études de dialectologie structurale, générative et sociolinguistique.
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