Article published In: Historiographia Linguistica
Vol. 12:3 (1985) ► pp.351–371
Al-Jurjānī
A Pioneer of Grammatical and Linguistic Studies
Published online: 1 January 1985
https://doi.org/10.1075/hl.12.3.03ram
https://doi.org/10.1075/hl.12.3.03ram
Summary
Most of the early Arab grammarians were chiefly concerned with the description of language structure and particularly the problem of explaining the inflectional marks. Al-Jurjānī, in the fifth century AH/eleventh century AD, was the first among Arab grammarians to depart from earlier trend of linguistic analysis and to put forward a demonstrable theory for the study of language and grammar in terms of the interrelationships that bind the constituents of speech together. According to al-Jurjānī, there are three types of relationships: syntactic relationships, semantic relationships, and the relationship between syntax and semantics. This paper contains a systematic account of these syntactic-semantic interrelationships in particular, and al-Jurjānī’s approach and methodology to language and grammar in general. Our investigation is based on an intensive study of the concepts of naẓm (discourse arrangement) and taclīq (interrelationship) which al-Jurjānī discussed with ample evidence and cogent reasoning in his major work Dalā’il al-Icjāz (Illustrations of the Inimitability [of the Qur’ān]). A distinctive feature of this research is the effort made to show the connection between al-Jurjānī’s linguistic concepts and equivalent notions used in modern linguistics. The study concludes with an important fact; namely, that al-Jurjānī was one of the frontier scholars to call for the study of language on the basis of syntactic-semantic functions and as a discipline independent of grammatical regents.
Résumé
La plupart des grammairiens Arabes s’interessaient à la description de la structure des langues et, en particulier, au problème de l’explication des signes d’inflexion. Au cinquième siècle AH/XIe siècle A.D., al-Jurjānī était le premier des grammairiens Arabes à diverger de ce genre traditionnel d’analyse linguistique et à avancer une théorie pratiquable pour l’étude des langues et de la grammaire sous forme de rapports qui rélient les constituants de la parole. Selon al-Jurjānī, il existe trois genres de rapports: relations syntaxiques, relations sémantiques, et relations entre la syntaxe et la sémantique. Cette étude contient un récit systématique de ces rapports syntacto-sémantiques en particulier, et l’approche et la méthodologie d’al-Jurjānī envers la langue et la grammaire en général. Notre recherche est basée sur une étude poussé des concepts du naẓm (‘organisation du discours’) et de taclīq (‘interrelation’) qu’al-Jurjānī a discuté avec ample évidence et un raisonnement convaincant dans son ouvrage principal Dalā’il al-Icjāz (Démonstrations de l’Inimitabilité [du Koran]). Un point distinctif de cette recherche c’est l’effort fait pour de montrer la connection entre les conceptions linguistiques d’al-Jurjānī et des notions equivalentes utilisées dans la linguistique moderne. L’étude termine sur un point important, à savoir qu’al-Jurjānī était un des premiers savants qui ont exigé une étude de la langue basée sur les fonctions syntactiques-sémantiques et comme une discipline indépendante des régents grammaticaux.
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Al-Sharafi, Abdul Gabbar & Rizwan Ahmad
2022. Translating the sacred. Babel. Revue internationale de la traduction / International Journal of Translation 68:3 ► pp. 317 ff.
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