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Article published In: Historiographia Linguistica
Vol. 48:2/3 (2021) ► pp.228–263

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Erminnie A. Smith (1836–1886)

A portrait of a linguist

 | Adam Mickiewicz University
Published online: 3 June 2022
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https://doi.org/10.1075/hl.00094.kil
Summary
In this paper I discuss the varied contributions of Erminnie Adele Smith (1836–1886), a linguist, ethnologist, and geologist, who has a significant but underestimated place in the history of the study of North American languages. Among others, Smith was among the first scholars to collaborate extensively with Indigenous consultants and the first woman in the history of Western linguistics who published works on grammatical gender. Such achievements point to the need to reconsider her life and work in the context of the reception of the first generation of women in American anthropology as well as the study of gender in Iroquoian languages since the mid-19th century.
Résumé
Dans cet article, j’aborde les diverses contributions d’Erminnie Adele Smith (1836–1886), linguiste, ethnologue et géologue, qui occupe une place importante mais sous-estimée dans l’histoire de la recherche sur les langues nord-américaines. Parmi ses nombreux accomplissements, Smith a été l’un des premiers chercheurs à collaborer activement avec des locuteurs autochtones et a été la première femme de l’histoire de la linguistique occidentale à publier des travaux sur le genre grammatical. L’ensemble de cette activité impose de se pencher à nouveau sur sa vie et son œuvre, tant du point de vue de la réception de la première génération de femmes anthropologues aux Etats-Unis que de l’étude du genre dans les langues iroquoiennes depuis le milieu du XIXe siècle.
Zusammenfassung
Dieser Aufsatz beschäftigt sich mit den vielfältigen Beiträgen von Erminnie Adele Smith (1836–1886). Smith war eine bedeutende Linguistin, Ethnologin und Geologin, deren Beitrag zur Geschichte der Erforschung nordamerikanischer Sprachen häufig unterschätzt wird. Sie gehörte zu den ersten Gelehrten, die intensiv mit indigenen Informanten zusammenarbeiteten. Auch war sie die erste Frau in der Geschichte der Linguistik im Westen, die Untersuchungen zum Genus veröffentlichte. Solche Errungenschaften weisen darauf hin, dass es an der Zeit ist, Smiths Leben und Werk erneut in Betracht zu ziehen, insbesondere im Hinblick auf die Rezeption der ersten Generation von Frauen in der amerikanischen Anthropologie und die Erforschung des Genus in irokesischen Sprachen seit der Mitte des 19. Jahrhunderts.
Article outline
  • 1.Introduction
  • 2.Biography
  • 3.Intellectual milieu
    • 3.1Scholarly contacts
    • 3.2Membership in societies
    • 3.3Women in anthropology
  • 4.Contribution
    • 4.1Geology and mineralogy
    • 4.2Iroquoian languages
    • 4.3Ethnology
  • 5.Recognition
  • 6.Concluding discussion
  • Acknowledgements
  • Notes
  • Abbreviations
  • References
References (134)
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Joseph, John E.
2022. Review of Kilarski (2021): A History of the Study of the Indigenous Languages of North America. Historiographia Linguistica 49:2-3 ► pp. 405 ff. DOI logo

This list is based on CrossRef data as of 10 december 2025. Please note that it may not be complete. Sources presented here have been supplied by the respective publishers. Any errors therein should be reported to them.

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