Article published In: Historiographia Linguistica
Vol. 46:3 (2019) ► pp.73–130
Martin Joos’s Readings in Linguistics
A publication history
Published online: 17 March 2020
https://doi.org/10.1075/hl.00052.new
https://doi.org/10.1075/hl.00052.new
Summary
The book Readings in Linguistics edited by Martin Joos is one of the best known collections of papers ever published in the field of linguistics. In this article I trace its publication history, from Bernard Bloch’s idea in Bloch, Bernard. 1946. “Notes”. Language 221.267. for an anthology of important work in descriptive linguists, to the several editions of Joos’s reader between 1957 and 1995, to the present day, where citations to the book are still quite frequent. Making extensive use of unpublished material in various archives in the United States, I outline in detail the exchanges between Joos and other linguists around its publication, as well as the critical reviews that were published of the book. I attempt to explain why a collection of papers, the majority of which were published in the 1940s, is still of great interest. I offer two reasons. The first derives from the material in Joos’s prefaces to the various editions and from Joos’s editorial comments on the included articles. Practitioners of every current approach to linguistics have cited some of this material either as an opening wedge against opposing approaches or to express smug satisfaction that we know more about how science works now than we did more than a half-century ago. The second is that it provides a fascinating historical record of how linguistics used to be done — not so long ago that the approach documented is a mere historiographical curiosity, but also not so recently as to be no more than a quaint version of current theory
Résumé
Les Readings in Linguistics (1957) rassemblés par Martin Joos constituent l’un des plus célèbres recueils d’articles jamais publiés en linguistique. Le présent article retrace l’histoire de leur publication, depuis l’idée initiale formulée par Bernard Bloch en Bloch, Bernard. 1946. “Notes”. Language 221.267., qui consistait en une anthologie de travaux importants en linguistique descriptive, jusqu’aux quatre éditions du recueil de Joos publiées entre 1957 et 1995, et à leur postérité dans l’époque actuelle, qui voit encore l’ouvrage cité assez régulièrement. L’exploitation de nombreux documents non publiés extraits d’archives américaines me permet de décrire de façon détaillée les échanges que Joos eut avec d’autres linguistes à propos de son livre, avant de passer en revue les comptes rendus qui en furent faits. Sur la question de savoir pourquoi un recueil d’articles, dont la majorité furent publiés dans les années 1940, est aujourd’hui encore d’un grand intérêt, deux explications sont proposées. La première tient aux textes de la main de Joos, c’est-à-dire ses préfaces et ses commentaires aux articles du recueil. Les adeptes d’une approche ou d’une autre en vigueur aujourd’hui ont recouru à ces textes soit pour faire pièce aux approches rivales, soit pour en tirer matière à autosatisfaction sur les progrès de leur science depuis un demi-siècle. La seconde explication réside dans le fait que le recueil offrait un panorama historique de la linguistique telle qu’elle était pratiquée – à une date pas si lointaine pour qu’il ne s’agisse plus que d’une curiosité historiographique, mais pas non plus si proche pour n’en faire qu’une version pittoresque de la théorie en cours.
Zusammenfassung
Der von Martin Joos herausgegebene Band Readings in Linguistics (1957) ist eine der bekanntesten Aufsatzsammlungen in der Geschichte der Sprachwissenschaft. Der vorliegende Artikel geht der Publikationsgeschichte des Bandes nach, von Bernard Blochs ursprünglicher Idee im Jahre 1946 für eine Anthologie wichtiger Texte der deskriptiven Linguistik, über die verschiedenen Ausgaben des Bandes zwischen 1957 und 1995 bis zur Gegenwart, in der Verweise auf den Band nach wie vor recht häufig sind. Ich mache ausgiebigen Gebrauch von bisher unveröffentlichtem Material in verschiedenen Archiven in den USA, schildere detailliert den Austausch zwischen Joos und anderen Sprachwissenschaftlern im Hinblick auf die Veröffentlichung des Bandes und gehe auf die kritischen Rezensionen ein, die zu dem Band veröffentlicht wurden. Ich erkläre, warum eine Sammlung von Aufsätzen, die mehrheitlich in den 40er Jahren veröffentlicht wurden, auch heute noch von großer Bedeutung ist. Dafür gibt es zwei wichtige Gründe. Der erste Grund ergibt sich aus den Einführungen des Herausgebers zu den verschiedenen Ausgaben des Bandes und aus dessen Kommentaren zu den einzelnen Aufsätzen. Vertreter aller zeitgenössischen Ansätze in der Sprachwissenschaft haben daraus zitiert, entweder um sich gegen andere Ansätze abzugrenzen oder um der selbstgefälligen Überzeugung Ausdruck zu verleihen, dass man besser als vor mehr als einem halben Jahrhundert weiß, wie Wissenschaft funktioniert. Der zweite Grund ist, dass der Band einen faszinierenden historischen Einblick gewährt in die Art und Weise, wie Sprachwissenschaft früher betrieben wurde — eine Zeit, die einerseits nicht so weit zurückliegt, dass der besprochene Ansatz eine bloße historiographische Kuriosität wäre, der andererseits aber auch nicht derart aktuell ist, dass es sich um die ausgefallene Version einer gegenwärtigen Theorie handeln würde.
Article outline
- 1.Introduction
- 2.Background to Joos’s Readings in Linguistics
- 2.1Bernard Bloch’s idea for a collection
- 2.2American linguistics in the early 1950s
- 2.3The American council of learned societies
- 2.4Martin Joos
- 2.5Why Joos was chosen as editor of the Readings
- 3.Joos takes on the editor’s role
- 3.1Joos’s letter of 12 September 1955
- 3.2Reactions to Joos’s letter
- 4.The first edition of Joos’s Readings in Linguistics
- 4.1The contents of the first edition
- 4.2Joos’s editorial commentary in the first edition
- 5.The later editions of the Readings
- 5.1The second and third editions (1958 and 1963)
- 5.2The fourth edition (1966)
- 5.3The first four editions: A summary comment
- 5.4The abridged edition (1995)
- 6.A visual display of the progression of the book of readings
- 7.The reviews of Joos’s Readings in Linguistics
- 7.1The ‘non-reviews’ in Language and Word
- 7.2The Voegelin review in IJAL
- 7.3The Hymes review in American Anthropologist
- 7.4The Uhlenbeck review in Lingua
- 7.5The MacQueen review in Quarterly Journal of Speech
- 7.6The Trager review in Studies in Linguistics
- 7.7The Pei review in Modern Language Journal
- 7.8The Lightner review in General Linguistics
- 7.9The reviews: A summary
- 8.Further remarks on the Readings
- 8.1The Readings in the classroom
- 8.2On the ‘staying power’ of Joos’s Readings
- 9.Conclusion
- Acknowledgements
- Notes
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