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In:Existential Constructions across Languages: Forms, meanings and functions
Edited by Laure Sarda and Ludovica Lena
[Human Cognitive Processing 76] 2023
► pp. 68–99

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Chapter 3
Impersonal existence
in the weather domain

French il y a vs. il fait

ORCiD logo with link | Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne, CIRLEP EA 4299, France
ORCiD logo with link | Université de Lille, UMR 8163 STL, France
Published online: 5 July 2023
DOI logo with link
https://doi.org/10.1075/hcp.76.03meu
Abstract
This contribution examines the co-existence in French of two impersonal constructions with a light verb and a weather noun, as in il y a / il fait du vent ‘it’s windy’ (lit. there is / it makes wind). Our starting point stems from Bauer’s (2000) observations on Vulgar Latin postulating that facere ‘do, make’ with weather nouns appears to compensate for the diminishing use of intransitive weather verbs. Based on a diachronic and synchronic corpus study of weather sentences extracted from Frantext, we argue that Bauer’s hypothesis can apply at best to Middle French. For Modern and Contemporary French, our analysis reveals that both constructions are existential with il fait+N specializing in expressing ambient states and the il y a-construction in expressing atmospheric events or substances.
Article outline
  • 1.Introduction
  • 2.Theoretical background
  • 3.Data
  • 4.Distribution
  • 5.Structural particularities
    • 5.1Polarity
    • 5.2Determiners
      • 5.2.1No determiner
      • 5.2.2Indefinite determiners
      • 5.2.3Quantifiers
      • 5.2.4Definite determiners
      • 5.2.5Demonstrative determiners
    • 5.3Modifiers
  • 6.Conclusions
  • Notes
  • References
References (24)
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Cited by two other publications

Dal, Georgette, Machteld Meulleman, Katia Paykin, Delphine Tribout, F. Neveu, S. Prévost, A. Montébran, A. Steuckardt, G. Bergounioux, G. Merminod & G. Philippe
2024. Ce que la morphologie des adjectifs météorologiques en -eux nous apprend des phénomènes atmosphériques naturels. SHS Web of Conferences 191 ► pp. 08002 ff. DOI logo
Sarda, Laure, F. Neveu, S. Prévost, A. Montébran, A. Steuckardt, G. Bergounioux, G. Merminod & G. Philippe
2024. Un brouillard flotte au fond du ravin – Les prédicats de quelques noms météorologiques. SHS Web of Conferences 191 ► pp. 12015 ff. DOI logo

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