In:Collocations as a Language Resource: A functional and cognitive study in English phraseology
Sonja Poulsen
[Human Cognitive Processing 71] 2022
► pp. 331–348
Subject index
Published online: 8 April 2022
https://doi.org/10.1075/hcp.71.si
https://doi.org/10.1075/hcp.71.si
A
- aboutness144, 148, 203; see also domain,
- abstract constructionsee construction
- abstract domainsee domain
- abstraction17, 21, 23, 32–33, 36, 38, 67, 72, 95, 114–115, 128–129,146, 200, 239, 270
- level of abstraction107, 122, 135, 141, 175–176, 189; see also schematicity, schematization
- action categorysee Aktionsart
- action conceptsee concept
- ad hoc variationsee variation
- affordance127–128, 156, 159, 176, 246, 280, 289
- agenda16–17 see descriptivist agenda, functionalist agenda
- Aktionsart161, 262, 265,
270–271, 277
- telic Aktionsart161, 204
- alternate construal93, 115, 144; see also alternative construal
- alternative5, 78, 103,
107, 214, 251,
254, 287, 299
- alternative conceptualization112, 182, 189, 195–196
- alternative construal115, 151, 193
- alternative expression107, 246
- alternative interpretation74, 82; see also alternate construal, viewpoint
- ambiguity51, 60–61, 82, 136–139, 147, 176–177, 186, 234, 244, 271; see also vagueness
- analysability11, 39, 40–41, 49, 58, 64, 67, 70, 80–83, 87, 301; see also motivation, predictability
- anomalous collocation6, 44–46; see also defective collocation
- aspect142, 262, 270–271, 275, 277
- arbitrariness1, 6, 8–11, 13, 27, 30, 39–41, 45, 61–62, 65–66, 76–77, 79–80, 83, 86–87, 91, 304
- artefactsee conceptual artefact
- association
- association strength52,101–102,
- lexical association104
- lexicogrammatical association104
- pragmatic association91, 105, 126,
129,
- syntagmatic association104, 293–294
- attention20–21,32, 52, 95,115, 139, 285, 305; see also joint attention, Organon model
- atemporal relation167–168, 170, 172, 175, 216, 223–228, 242, 244–245, 272, 281
- complex atemporal relation170, 172, 223, 227
- autonomy
- different conceptualizations of autonomy14, 16, 268
- semantic autonomy5, 9, 11, 27, 52, 75, 171–172, 240, 249, 272, 284
- autonomy/dependence relations11, 21, 27,
240
- autonomy/dependence alignment or A/D alignment133, 171, 247–249, 251, 273–274, 284, 289, 299
- autonomy/dependence asymmetry or A/D asymmetry9, 203, 247, 249
- auxiliary79, 173, 257, 261, 265–266, 269, 271, 273–277; see also semi-auxiliary, quasi-auxiliary
B
- base167; see also profile/base distinction, scope
- base or base word5–6, 9, 11, 27, 73–75, 77–78, 87, 147–148, 167–168, 170, 173, 202, 209–210, 213, 218, 243, 295–296, 302; see also node
- basic domainsee domain
- basic level19, 56, 132,
142–143, 177, 181, 197, 207, 211, 214, 225, 250, 253, 278, 286
- basic-level category21, 50, 57, 63, 77, 91, 107, 133, 135, 140–141, 202, 209–210, 212, 215, 230, 239, 253–255, 285–286,289–291, 299, 300–301, 308
- basic-level verb6, 25, 79, 101–103, 132–133, 142–143, 162, 211, 214–215, 217, 221–222, 225–226, 227, 229–230, 232–234, 237, 245, 250–251, 254–257, 259, 266, 268, 271–272, 274, 276–277, 280–281, 286–287, 289, 291, 295–296, 301–302, 304–305
- behaviorism33, 42–43, 89
- biology17, 89, 90, 94, 117
- bleaching260, 268; see also fading, grammaticalization
- blended space22, 184; see also input space, mental space
- blending22, 23, 24, 41, 59, 79, 183–185, 194, 306; see also conceptual integration
- Bloomfieldian tradition42, 51
- bodily
- bodily experience122, 126–128, 144, 156–157
- bodily mimesis124, 126
- body
- body and mind32, 90, 129
- body image123
- body part156
- body schema123, 126, 127
- brain13–14, 44, 53–56, 92–93, 109, 123, 126, 297–298, 307; see also mind
- building block34, 41, 60, 70, 240, 300; see also isolate meaning
C
- case grammarsee grammar
- categorization1–3, 6–8, 10–11; see also category, level of categorization
- category18–22
- complex category or complex lexical category72, 82, 134–135, 143, 175–177, 199–202, 237, 239–241, 247, 249, 263, 266, 278, 284, 295, 300–301, 304–305
- causation156, 158–160, 162, 177, 221–222, 246, 280
- negative causation156, 159, 170, 179, 246, 280, 289
- positive causation156, 159, 280
- choice2, 9, 21, 31,35, 38, 65–66, 40–43, 52, 78, 93, 103, 107, 112, 118, 137, 139, 145, 215, 234, 244, 262, 295, 297, 299–300, 304; see also idiom principle, open choice principle, variation: domain of variation
- chunk2, 52, 54, 56, 106, 119, 122; see also holistic meaning
- circular reasoning106, 108
- classical category43,45–46, 49–50, 61, 87, 91, 213, 255, 259–260,213, 255, 290, 299–300, 303–304
- cluster10, 99
- code95, 113, 115,
128,191, 198,
201, 204,207,
222, 227, 232
- linguistic code13, 136
- cognitive and functional aspects8, 12, 16, 90, 96, 131, 262
- cognitive commitmentx,16, 90, 95–96, 108, 278, 297, 299
- cognitive entrenchmentsee entrenchment
- Cognitive Grammarsee grammar
- Cognitive Linguisticsxi,3, 5, 7–8, 12–20, 32, 38, 42, 47, 50, 67, 70–71, 82, 89–92, 94–95, 98, 105, 107–110, 117–118, 120, 123, 129, 131, 135, 265, 267, 297, 299, 303, 307; see also social cognitive linguistics
- cognitive modelx,6, 19, 21, 24, 47, 57, 87, 98, 105, 107, 110–112, 117, 177, 247, 249, 253, 261, 278, 297; see also idealized cognitive model
- cognitive saliencesee also intrinsic knowledge, characteristic knowledge, generic knowledge, conventional knowledge see salience
- cognitive science16, 90, 92, 125, 297
- cognitive sociolinguistics16, 92, 96
- cohesion3–4, 15, 58, 61, 63, 260, 280
- colligation31–32, 265
- collocability5, 10, 76, 87
- collocate5, 9–11, 25, 27, 63, 73–74, 75, 77–78, 84, 86–87, 132, 150, 243, 266, 277, 285, 296, 299, 301–302; see also collocator
- collocation, general definitions and problems1–8, 11, 21–22, 26–27, 29–30, 32, 35, 65, 79, 97, 132, 243; see also conventional collocation, Firthian linguistics, frequency-based approach, specialized sense or meaning, technical sense or meaning
- collocation, functional and cognitive frameworksee also free combinationsee entrenched and conventional collocation, entrenched collocation, open collocation
- collocation, traditional phraseologyx,1–2, 27–30, 38–40, 61–62, 64, 68–70, 74–86, 293–294, 299, 301–303, 305; see also anomalous collocation, cranberry collocation, defective collocation, ill-formed collocation, invariable collocation or unit, overlapping collocations, run-of-the-mill combinationsee also phraseology, phraseological spectrumsee free or open collocation, free combination, restricted collocation
- collocational range5, 10–11, 36, 71 73, 78, 103, 132, 252, 254, 277, 301
- collocator5, 9; see also collocate
- collostruction101, 214, 254,
305
- collostruction strength101–102, 104, 214, 296; see also Fisher exact test
- combinatorial potential21, 240, 257see valence or valency
- commitmentsee cognitive commitment,generalization commitment,
- sociosemiotic commitment
- communication13, 16, 44, 54, 90, 95–97, 105,115–116, 118, 122, 124, 129, 201
- language: language as communication,see also transmission model of communication
- communicative
- communicative contextx,96, 103, 105, 296, 300
- communicative event94, 95, 200
- communicative function13, 18, 23, 52, 63, 68, 94, 97, 130, 297, 304
- communicative intention23, 95,106, 116
- communicative interaction94, 200
- communicative knowledge91, 129
- communicative purpose91, 93, 98, 122, 199, 201, 300
- communicative situation256, 285, 299
- communicative contextx,96, 103, 105, 296, 300
- commutability8, 35; see also recombinability,substitutability
- commutation34, 84, 138–140, 177–179, 187, 229, 232, 285; see also substitution
- competence
- cognitive competence33, 92
- competence and performance42, 61
- creative linguistic competence13, 43–44, 51, 61,
- native speaker’s competence44
- phraseological competence12
- pragmatic competence44
- complex category or complex lexical categorysee category
- complex gestaltsee gestalt
- complex predicatesee predicate
- complex predicat or, fused predicatorsee predicator
- complex verb see verb25, 130, 171–172, 204
- complex verb25, 130, 171–172, 204
- component
- component parts119–121
- component states170, 172, 174, 218
- component structures8, 21–23, 27, 34, 45, 60, 70, 81, 133, 145, 167
- composite130
- composite expression41, 72, 138, 240, 255, 283–284, 290, 300
- composite predicate24, 129–130, 133
- composite structure8, 21–23, 25, 27, 45 60, 69–70, 80–81, 91, 122, 124, 131, 133–134, 145, 167, 171, 178, 201, 239–241, 245, 247, 249, 276, 278, 283–284, 290, 295
- composite unit48, 52, 58, 64, 66, 74
- composition23, 41, 55,
239–240, 298
- composition rules298
- compositionality1, 11, 21,
23, 34, 38,
49, 58–60, 63, 80–82, 84, 106, 122,
298, 307
- full compositionality ix,8, 11, 27, 44–45, 48–49, 64, 70, 72–73, 76, 80, 82, 86–87, 136, 293–294, 299, 301–304
- non-compositionality8, 45, 59, 74, 80, 307
- restricted compositionality48, 55, 58, 70, 74, 76, 79, 82, 87, 296
- concept19–21,40, 93–94, 113–115,120, 124, 285
- action concept124, 132, 156
- lexical concept97, 114–115, 135
- preverbal concept123, 126, 128
- conception18, 21, 71, 91, 115, 135,
- conceptual
- conceptual artefactx,91, 110, 128, 197, 200, 211, 250, 278, 283, 299, 307–308
- conceptual frequencysee frequency
- conceptual inferencesee inference
- conceptual integration22, 33, 184; see also blending, blended space, input space, mental space
- conceptual level47, 90, 136, 144
- conceptual meaning113, 119
- conceptual metaphor62, 69, 80, 82–83, 85, 93, 144, 156–157, 160, 185, 191
- conceptual structure15–16, 47, 71, 93, 108, 111–112, 297
- conceptualization18, 36, 62,
66, 71, 92,94, 117, 123,
- alternative conceptualization112, 150, 182, 189, 195–196, 199, 282
- communicative function of conceptualization x,16, 94–96,107, 113–116, 285, 297
- conceptualization and construal66, 115–116, 144
- image-schematic conceptualization123, 125–126, 144, 156, 161, 166, 197, 218, 234,
- literal and metaphorical conceptualization110, 145–146,
- flexibleconceptualization130,133, 156, 166, 185, 215, 230, 234, 256, 274, 277
- conceptualization and usage event113, 127, 129, 283; see also construal,frame,representation, usage
- conduit metaphorsee metaphor
- configuration36, 57–58, 62
- configuration hypothesis59, 243; see also frame, context of situation, hypothesis, part-whole configuration
- conflation stage156see primary metaphor
- consciousness
- conscious awareness20, 53, 92–93, 95, 122, 125, 156, 197, 199
- subconsciousness56, 93, 123
- unconscious thought processes122
- the cognitive unconscious110
- constituency
- level of constituency240, 283
- constituent34, 58, 60–61, 74, 76, 83, 87, 257, 273–274, 261, 276
- construal66, 115–116, 126–127, 144–145, 167, 211, 217, 227, 245, 272
- constructionsee grammar
- construction grammar
- construction type4, 135, 145, 147, 167–173, 176, 178, 187, 202–203, 222–226, 242, 245, 261,272, 267, 279–281, 289–290
- container metaphorsee metaphor
- contemporary user80, 212, 237; see also idealized contemporary user
- content
- content and construal115
- content side113, 115–116, 120, 144, 305
- content word167, 266, 287
- context
- context of communication
- context of situation22, 25, 31–37, 42, 57, 61–62, 66–67, 73, 85, 87, 94, 105, 111, 114, 131,142, 144, 229, 237, 243, 253, 265, 278, 304
- situational context15, 22–23, 37, 60–62, 114, 116, 144, 199, 207, 217
- syntagmatic context22, 61–62, 138, 240
- systemic context15, 22–23, 37, 60–62, 114, 116, 134, 144, 199, 207, 217, 240
- contextual meaning96, 113–115, 136; see also conventional status
- continuity between
- body and mind90, 129
- categories in a taxonomy239, 251–252
- conventional and contextual meaning114
- discourse and grammar268
- grammar and lexicon275
- language use and language system32–33, 114, 129, 135, 268
- convention40, 67, 114, 119, 126–127
- convention and variationx, 96–98, 252, 255, 277, 286, 297, 301, 307
- conventional collocation ix,1, 12, 22, 60, 85; see also collocation, entrenched collocation, conventional and entrenched collocation
- conventional and entrenched collocation6, 25, 62, 91, 93–94, 99, 103, 118, 130–132, 162, 183,199, 213, 239, 246–248, 250–255, 258–260, 262, 264–266, 267, 273, 275–276, 277–278, 280, 282, 284–291, 295, 300–301, 305–306, 308; see also conventional collocation, entrenched collocation
- conventional expression18, 40, 42,
44–46, 50–52, 56–57, 60–64, 66–68, 73–74, 80–86, 127, 243, 294, 298, 300–301, 303–304
- conventional pairing50, 96, 115, 267
- conventional pattern56, 294
- conventional unit15, 22, 55
- conventional knowledge20, 141, 253–254; see also salience, cognitive salience
- conventional language63, 98, 115
- conventional meaning50, 59, 113–115, 116, 118–119, 135–136
- conventional status1, 57, 99, 119, 135, 230
- conventionalization64, 73, 81, 98–99, 129, 136; see also entrenchment and conventionalization, institutionalization
- conversation35, 113, 124, 273
- co-occurrence4–5,15, 7–9, 34–35, 61–62, 69, 72, 87, 98–99, 100, 132, 208–209, 296
- corpus5, 98–101, 104–106, 295–296
- corpus-based x,109, 259, 262, 303
- corpus data or evidence x,21, 50, 89,98, 101, 103, 106–107, 172, 197, 199, 234–235, 297, 299, 306–307
- corpus linguistics2–3, 35, 64, 106, 243
- corpus studies9, 28, 42, 79, 99, 107, 109
- statistical corpus tools7, 89, 99,100–101, 107, 134, 296; see also data, evidence
- corpus-to-cognitionx,101, 106, 296
- correspondence21, 240–242, 249, 284; see also overlap
- correspondence rules52
- correspondence theory of truth146, 153
- co-selection of lexis and grammar31–32, 65; see also lexicogrammar
- co-text22, 60–62, 74, 105, 193, 195, 203 207, 217, 243, 306
- cotextsee co-text
- count noun5, 174–175, 217, 220, 281; see also mass noun
- cranberry collocation64see collocation, traditional phraseology
- creation46, 116, 156, 159, 185, 223, 261, 280, 289
- creative33, 43, 51,
58, 60, 97
130, 152
- creative collocation6, 22, 130, 282, 305–306
- creative combination4
- creative exploitation6, 22, 57, 59, 87, 93, 97,183, 199, 306
- creative strategies37, 63, 306
- creativity33, 42–43, 46, 56, 138, 305–306
- criterial
- criterial attribute18, 27, 45, 79–80, 213
- criterial feature8, 19, 50, 58, 63, 74, 86–87, 148, 255, 267, 287, 290, 296, 300, 304see also discrete feature
- cue validity18–19, 102, 214, 217, 251, 286, 296
- cultural meaning5, 47, 83, 90, 93, 117, 123, 127, 157
D
- data
- diachronic data or historical data83, 129–130, 132, 141, 202
- elicited data or unelicited data21, 98, 103, 141, 295
- linguistic datax,90, 98, 109–110, 148, 285, 297, 299
- low frequency data100–101, 295–296
- synchronic data or synchronic evidence22, 41, 81, 89, 98, 129–130, 152, 198–199, 202, 205, 262, 267, 270, 288
- declarative
- declarative memory
- declarative knowledge
- decoding44, 57, 68–69; see also encoding
- decompositionhypothesis49, 58, 85; see also hypothesis
- default133, 141, 210–211, 221,
- default value118–119
- default verb229–233, 250, 256, 275
- defective collocation1, 6, 44, 46
- definitional level135, 145; see also intensional level, referential level, extensional level
- delexical verb6, 24–25, 75, 79, 81, 86, 103, 201, 203, 258, 287, 305; see also lexical verb, delexicalization, lexicalization
- delexicalization24, 79, 258, 305
- dependent element9, 11, 27, 60, 69, 75, 79, 203, 240, 247, 249; see also autonomy/dependence relations
- descriptivist agenda16–17; see also functionalist agenda
- designationsee profile
- deverbal noun6, 25, 130, 132, 202–203, 228, 258, 260–261, 264, 269, 295, 298, 304–305
- diachronic or historical datasee data
- dichotomy16, 39, 135,see also false dichotomy, langue/parole dichotomy
- dictionary4, 6,29–30, 65, 68, 72, 99–100, 105,118, 136, 146, 199, 201; see also foreign learner
- differentiation stage156; see also conceptual metaphor
- direct access hypothesis57; see also hypothesis
- disambiguation60, 120, 213, 263
- discourse14–15, 17, 22, 51, 53, 60, 63, 112, 118, 268
- discrete43–46, 74, 109, 267
- discrete feature43–46
- discreteness111, 175, 195, 199, 267, 298
- distribution10, 32, 34, 101, 106, 147, 170, 173, 203, 245, 304
- ditransitive construction104, 264
- domain88, 91–92, 120, 135, 137,
- abstract domain110, 148, 203, 271, 289–290, 295, 298–299
- basic domain149–150, 152, 160, 194, 271, 282
- cross-domain mapping156–157, 177, 197, 216–217, 270, 280, 282
- functional domainxi,269, 291, 303
- source domain110, 144, 149, 151–153, 157, 160, 166, 176, 179, 181, 189, 198, 216–217, 270–271, 279–280, 282
- target domain110, 144, 151–152, 156–157, 160–161, 166, 176–177, 179, 192, 198, 216–217, 222, 270–271, 275–277, 279, 282, 285, 299
- domain of variation see variation
- dominant frame25, 75, 120, 131, 180, 213, 230, 248, 251–253, 261–262, 284–286, 290–291, 301, 305; see also frame: frame-bearing noun, frame-evoking noun, evocation, invocation
- dynamic processing activity58, 110, 125, 201, 243
- dynamic schematic network34, 38, 82, 201; see also network
E
- ease of
- ease of articulation103, 208
- ease of memory120, 122
- ease of modification130, 132, 298, 304
- ease of processing57, 106
- ease of variationsee variation
- EC-ModelseeEntrenchment and Conventionalization Model
- effected object260–262, 287–288
- elaboration128, 148, 240,
249, 284
- elaboration site(e-site)75, 240, 247, 249, 253–254, 276–277, 289
- elaboratory
- elaboratory distance249
- elaboratory relationship241, 249
- elicited or unelicited data21, 98, 103, 141, 295
- emancipation119–120; see also gestalt, part-whole configuration
- embodiment93, 117, 123, 125, 144, 156–157; see also image schema, movement
- emergence22, 110, 121,125–126, 136–137, 144, 156, 279
- empirical14, 46, 98, 100, 108–109
- empty
- lexically empty constructions59, 128, 130, 265, 275, 298
- encoding38, 65, 68–69, 74–75, 94, 106, 171–172, 272; see also decoding
- encyclopaedic114, 135, 246
- English
- English as a foreign language27–28, 30; see also foreign learner
- Middle English130, 133
- Old English130, 133
- entailment157–159, 162, 166, 170, 221–222, 280
- entrenched collocation6, 20, 73, 240, 255, 286, 29, 299 ; see also collocation, conventional collocation, conventional and entrenched collocation
- entrenchment6–7, 9, 11, 14–17, 20, 21–25, 33, 37, 51, 53, 56–57, 67, 73, 87, 89–91, 93–94, 98–99, 101, 103–107, 109, 111, 115, 119, 126, 128–131, 133, 136–137, 140, 161,185, 215, 230, 233, 246–247, 249–250, 252–256, 264–267, 270, 272–273, 275, 284–285, 287, 296, 298–301, 305–308 ; see also entrenchment and conventionalization, Entrenchment and Conventionalization Model (EC-Model)
- entrenchment and conventionalization6, 23–24, 51, 67, 90, 105, 128–129, 215, 246, 270, 308; see alsoEntrenchment and Conventionalization Model (EC-model)
- Entrenchment and Conventionalization Model (EC-Model) l23, 51, 67, 90–92, 105, 128, 299, 307
- episodic memorysee memory
- ergativity171–172, 272
- e-sitesee elaboration site
- event noun142–143, 262
- event-structure156, 216,222, 233, 237, 270–271, 279, 290
- location event-structure145, 157, 161–164, 166, 181, 189, 197, 219–222, 233–235, 238, 271, 280, 283
- object event-structure157, 158, 159–162, 170, 178, 185, 190, 216, 218–220, 222, 234, 238, 270–271, 280, 283, 289; see also image schema, metaphor
- evidence
- extrinsic evidence versus intrinsic evidence2, 10–11,20–21, 26–27, 50, 69, 72–73, 76, 78,85, 87,102–104,107,111, 134, 141, 152, 209, 213–215, 230, 239,246–247, 249, 251–253, 254–255,257–255, 278, 285–286, 290–291, 294, 296–297, 300–303, 306, 308
- intrinsic evidencesee extrinsic evidence versus intrinsic evidence
- linguistic evidence x,2, 55, 107–108, 110, 197, 229, 247, 252, 297; see also corpus, data, linguistics
- evocation20, 25, 35, 73, 94, 102–103, 112, 116–117, 118–122, 128, 131–134, 137–138, 142–143, 159, 175, 180, 183, 213, 217, 229–230, 233–234, 237, 241–242, 243–245, 247–249, 251–253, 255, 262, 264, 266, 271, 274, 277–278, 284–287, 290–291, 295–296, 299, 301–302, 305–306; see also dominant frame, invocation
- evolution23; see also language acquisition
- exclusionary fallacysee fallacy
- expectation96–97, 138, 244
- experience1, 30–31, 39, 66, 83, 92–94, 95, 114, 122–124, 126–128, 144–145, 148–153, 155–157, 176, 183–184, 186, 191–195, 197–198, 203, 205, 217, 222, 229, 279, 282
- experiential frequencysee frequency
- experiment28, 43, 95, 102–103, 106, 109, 124, 214, 230, 234, 247, 252, 302, 306–307
- explicit memorysee memory
- exploitationsee creative exploitation
- expressivepurpose
- for expressive purposes or effect59, 130, 138, 244
- extension21–22, 24, 34, 36–37, 41, 56, 58, 61, 72, 81–82, 85, 129, 136, 139–140, 148, 150–153, 156, 161, 175–178, 181–182, 185, 187–189, 191–192, 194–198, 204–205, 262, 264, 270–271, 279, 282–283, 289, 291; see also metaphorical extension, creative exploitation
- extensional level135, 145, 237; see also referential level, definitional level, intensional level
- external entities10, 20, 102, 233, 247, 291, 296; see also evidence, extrinsic evidence, intrinsic evidence
- extrinsic evidencesee also salience, cognitive saliencesee evidence
F
- fading268see bleaching, grammaticalization
- fallacy
- exclusionary fallacy267
- rule/list fallacy55, 267
- false dichotomy267; see also exclusionary fallacy, rule/list fallacy
- familiar1, 8, 11, 33–34, 37–38, 52, 69, 72–73, 76, 97, 100, 103, 108, 126–127, 131, 136, 148, 213, 237, 252–253, 262, 278, 283, 306
- family resemblances137, 182 188, 198
- FEI
- figurative idiomsee fixed expressions and idiomssee idiom
- figurative
- figurative meaning27, 56, 58, 62–64, 75, 80–82, 84–85, 87
- figurative sense10, 24, 68, 77–79, 251, 305
- figure/groundorganization115, 119, 145, 162–165, 168, 217, 223, 272, 281
- fillersee slot filler, value
- Firthian linguistics2–3, 18, 22, 27–28, 32, 3857, 60–61, 64, 66, 94, 105, 114, 142, 299, 304
- Fisher exact test101–102, 104, 254, 296; see also collostruction strength
- fixedness2, 3, 40, 42, 47, 49, 52, 97, 115, 274 293–294, 306
- fixed expressions and idioms (FEI)42, 45, 64, 69
- fixed unit8; see also unit
- fleshing-out127, 270
- forced movement162, 166, 221–222; see also causation
- foreign learnerix,1, 7, 11–12, 27–30, 50, 61, 63, 69–70, 73–74, 76, 77–78,83, 86,121–122, 252, 293, 301 304, 308
- formal
- formal approach (or paradigm or system or theory or syntax)13, 43–44, 90, 268
- formal constraint261, 272, 274, 277, 288–289, 291
- formal correctness or register142, 215
- formality
- level of formality73, 78, 300
- form-meaning pairing50, 96, 115; see also symbolic unit
- formulaic language, etc.27–28, 52–53, 306
- formulaic sequencesee formulaic language
- frame11–12, 21–23, 36, 38, 76, 94, 102–103, 105, 107, 111–112, 114, 118–119, 122, 128, 131, 134–135, 139–140, 142, 144, 146, 175, 209, 211–212, 217, 227, 229–230, 243, 247, 253, 262–263, 265–266, 271, 277–278, 283, 286, 290–291, 295–297, 301, 304, 307–308
- frame-basedapproach117, 239, 265, 306–307
- frame-bearingitem212
- frame-bearing noun213, 262, 264, 274, 282, 284–286, 290, 296, 300, 306
- frame-bearing verb296
- frame element142, 183, 213, 230, 233–234, 236–237, 244–245, 251, 262–263, 286, 290, 302, 305
- frame-evoking noun142
- frame-evoking element118, 299
- frame slot104, 107, 119, 133, 159, 213, 217, 229–230, 232–234, 237, 242, 247, 249–250, 252, 256, 274, 283–286, 290–291, 295, 297, 302–303, 307
- FrameNet ix,112, 118, 142, 247, 261–262
- frame semanticsx–xi,12, 24, 33, 67, 75, 91, 105, 112, 117, 138, 180, 212–213, 257, 261, 263, 266, 293, 301, 307; see also frame, gestalt, part-whole configuration
- framing96, 115, 117
- free collocation or open collocation,
- in traditional phraseology4, 8, 38,
40, 68, 70,
72, 76–77, 80–82, 84–85, 87
- functional and cognitive framework
- free combination,
- in functional and cognitive framework6, 251–255, 266, 286–287, 290–291, 302–303, 306
- in traditional phraseology7–8, 29, 48–49, 60, 64, 66, 77, 248, 302, 304
- free constructions72, 259
- in traditional phraseology4, 8, 38,
40, 68, 70,
72, 76–77, 80–82, 84–85, 87
- frequency x,21, 89,
- conceptual frequency99, 256, 300
- experiential frequency99, 256, 287, 300
- lexical frequency99, 256, 287
- type and token frequency94, 269
- frequency-based approach2, 4, 7, 40, 64, 100; see also habitualness, significance
- frequency of co-occurrence4, 9, 34, 98
- frequency of occurrence99, 102, 107, 227, 255–256, 287
- frozenness56, 58, 63, 65, 293
- full compositionalitysee compositionality
- full synonymy5, 76, 287see synonymy
- full verb103, 143, 171–172, 175, 257–258, 260–262, 269,272–273, 275, 277, 281, 288–289; see also non-full verb, support verb
- function8, 16–17, 53, 91, 94–95, 97,130, 187, 262–263, 275
- function verb257
- function word266–267, 269, 287
- functional
- functional domainsee domain
- functional grammarsee grammar
- functional linguistics13–17, 120
- functional motivation21, 67, 250,
262
- functional role15, 73, 106, 133, 213, 239, 246, 266, 269, 271–272, 288, 291, 293, 301–302, 305; see also grammatical meaning,lexical function, lexicogrammatical function, support verb
- functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI)307; see also gestalt, psycholinguistics
- functionally and cognitively based approach25, 38–39, 89, 288, 294, 304
- fusion48, 257, 261, 273, 287
- fuzzy category boundaries7, 18, 48–50, 63, 74, 141, 148, 255
G
- general cognition13, 15–16, 71, 90, 297
- general selection restriction4–5, 44, 61, 74, 76
- generality of meaning20, 24, 95, 100, 134, 275, 277
- generalizationx,15, 53, 54, 79, 96, 200,
- generalization commitment x,15, 96, 297
- generative grammarsee grammar
- generative linguistics13–15, 39, 40–46, 51–52, 56, 61–70, 69, 86, 90
- generic
- generic knowledge20, 141, 253–254; see also salience, cognitive salience
- generic meaning12, 102, 104, 159, 174, 211–212, 215, 246–247, 250–251, 253–254, 266, 286–287, 291, 299–302
- gestalt53–54, 89, 110, 113, 119–122, 127, 141, 144, 167, 212–213, 229, 247, 250, 252, 261, 284, 290, 295, 298, 301, 305, 307
- complex gestalt119, 127, 284
- gestalt perception56–57, 61–63, 113, 119, 250
- gradedness18, 46, 48, 50, 79, 87, 137, 267
- grammar58,106, 136, 267–268
- case grammar111–112
- Cognitive Grammarxi,15, 54–55, 17, 21, 66, 90–91, 108, 113, 145, 166–167, 240, 267, 275–276, 283
- construction grammar55
- Functional Grammar3, 14–15, 90
- generative grammar12, 13–14, 45, 54, 61, 70
- pattern grammar3
- Role and Reference Grammar14
- systemic functional grammar3, 14–15; see also lexicogrammar, lexis and grammarsee also syntax
- grammatical
- grammatical construction4, 21, 55, 65, 112, 115, 145, 167, 267, 304
- grammatical meaning257, 266, 268, 270, 289
- grammatical rule23, 32, 54, 64,
- grammatical structure4, 8, 14, 66, 166–168, 267, 288
- grammaticalization24–25, 75, 79, 171, 240, 246,266–272, 277, 287–289, 291, 305
- groundsee figure/ground organization
- grouping5, 35, 111, 118, 299
H
- habit33, 35–36, 43, 53, 97
- habitual
- habitual collocation4, 7, 37
- habitual company33, 34, 38, 76
- habitual situation35
- hearer8, 20, 22,53, 68, 92, 95–97, 113, 115–117, 120–121, 131,135, 200, 237, 278, 283
- hemispheresee brain
- historicaldata or evidencesee data
- holisticmeaning23, 52–55, 57, 59, 106, 120, 122, 145, 298; see also chunk,gestalt, storage, retrieval
- hypothesissee configuration hypothesis, decomposition hypothesis,direct access hypothesis, lexical representation hypothesis, invariance hypothesis
I
- idealized
- idealized cognitive model24, 112
- contemporary user283, 290
- speaker/hearer200, 237, 283
- idiom8, 22, 24, 29–30, 41–42, 44–45, 47, 50–52, 56–59, 61–65,69–70, 79–81,84, 105, 107–108,180, 185, 197, 263,293–294,303, 304–306
- idiom list51–52, 57
- idiom principle2, 18, 40, 42, 56, 136, 296, 304
- figurative idiom38, 42, 47–49, 80–85, 302
- pure idiom48–49, 82–83, 302; see also open choice principle
- idiomatic creativity42, 306; see also literal meaning
- idiomaticity45, 48–49, 129, 136, 293, 51, 56–57,59, 59–61, 63, 73, 76, 80–82, 129, 136, 293, 302—303, 306
- idiosyncrasy4, 6–8, 15, 32, 37–38, 46, 51–52, 58, 65–66, 77, 79, 87, 237, 252, 269, 274–275, 297
- ill-formed collocation64; see also collocation, traditional phraseology
- image schemax,15, 26, 89, 91, 93, 108, 110–111, 117, 122–128, 132, 135, 138–139, 144–145, 151, 156–157, 161, 166–167, 170, 176–177, 179,182, 185, 190,193, 197–199, 202, 207, 215–218,222, 250, 270, 278–280, 289–290, 299, 307–308; see also body image, body schema, mimetic schema
- implicit
- implicit memorysee memory
- implicit procedural knowledgesee knowledge
- individual mind or speaker16, 33, 39–40, 42–43, 45, 58, 67, 81, 91, 94–95, 106, 109, 116–118, 123, 128–129, 157, 199, 200–201, 252, 283
- inference63, 90, 92, 116, 151, 166, 176, 182, 189, 196–198, 216–217, 270; see also conceptual structure
- input space22, 24, 183–184; see also blended space, mental space
- instantiation2, 107, 139, 241
- institutionalization51, 56, 64, 66–70, 73, 81; see also conventionalization
- integration
- integration of levels of meaning9, 36–37, 49, 64, 52, 55, 57, 66
- integration of lexical categories21, 25,72, 91, 122, 134, 136, 239, 241, 266, 272, 282, 299, 301, 306–307; see also blending, conceptual integration, grammaticalization
- intensional level135, 145; see also definitional level, referential level, extensional level
- intention
- intention reading124, 126, 128; see also communicative intention, language acquisition
- intentionality92
- interaction14, 16, 23, 32, 53, 71, 90, 92–95, 97, 110, 122, 124–125, 127–128, 133,139, 200; see also communicative interaction
- interdependence
- interdependenceof levels of meaning9, 30–31, 64, 265
- interdependenceof constituents249, 279, 285, 273–274, 288–289
- interdependenceof episodic and semantic meaning5
- interdisciplinaryaspects53, 98, 109, 298; see also cognitive commitment
- interference11, 121, 122, 252; see also foreign learner
- internal
- internal complexity113, 148, 280
- internal composition55
- internal gradedness49–50
- internal modification59, 213
- internal structure25, 28, 118, 122, 131, 134, 146, 148, 168, 175, 183, 201, 203, 215, 222, 237, 239–240, 278–279, 282–283, 290
- intepretation41, 57, 60, 62, 71, 77, 81–82, 135, 137, 139, 243, 307
- intrinsic evidence see also extrinsic evidence see evidence
- intrinsic knowledge20, 241, 247, 249, 253; see also salience: cognitive salience, intrinsic evidence, intrinsicness
- intrinsicness171, 247,253, 291, 301; see also salience: cognitive salience evidence, intrinsic knowledge
- introspection7, 106, 141, 172, 175, 295
- intuition18, 99–100, 102, 138, 141, 148, 178, 188, 234, 261, 269, 290, 296; see also judgement: intuitive judgement
- invariablecollocation or unit48, 78
- invariance111
- invariance hypothesis177, 179, 199, 216–217, 222, 280, 299
- inventory of constructions15, 32, 55, 135
- invocation116–117, 120–122; see also dominant frame, evocation
- isolate meaning3; see also building block, isomorphism, one form/one meaning hypothesis, polysemy
- isomorphism136see one form/one meaning hypothesis, polysemy
J
- joint attention or joint attentional frame96, 116–117, 124–126
- jokes22, 57, 138; see also creative collocation
- judgement19, 21–22, 63, 102, 113,
136–138, 140–141, 148, 178–179, 188, 198, 213,198, 252
269, 290
- intuitive judgement see intuition
K
- keyword211–212, 262, 265; see also FrameNet, meaning-text theory, lexical function
- knowledge
- declarative knowledge56
- explicit knowledge56
- implicit knowledge56
- implicit procedural knowledge56
- semantic knowledge54; see also conventional knowledge, memory
L
- landmark139, 168, 171, 195, 217–219, 222, 240–241, 247, 249, 276, 284, 289; see also figure/ground organization, trajector
- language
- language acquisition19, 23, 43, 52, 93, 112, 116, 123–124, 157, 298, 303; see also joint attention
- language change17–18, 268, 270–271; see also grammaticalization
- language as communication44, 54, 90, 95–96,118, 200
- language community1, 116, 118, 126, 136
- language data18, 51, 89,101, 141, 306
- language proficiencyix,3, 12, 252, 293
- language resourcexi,12, 18, 98, 120, 132, 252, 277, 293, 300, 303
- language system33, 39–40, 42–43, 45, 52, 55, 67–70, 114, 129, 135, 268
- language user2, 22, 70, 95, 99, 106–107, 113–114, 116, 129, 136, 197,199, 277, 283
- language varieties92, 96, 98; see also communication, idealized speaker/hearer, continuity between language use and language system
- langue/parole dichotomy13, 39–40, 42–44, 66–69
- layering270, 288
- level of categorizationsee basic level, subordinate category or level of categorization, superordinate category or level of categorization
- lexeme5, 9, 32, 67, 101–102, 104; see also lexicogrammar
- lexical associationsee association
- lexical collocation4; see also collocation, general definitions and problems
- lexical conceptsee concept
- lexical function12, 47, 77,
91, 159, 201,211–212, 230, 250, 253, 257,261–262, 265–266, 286, 299, 308
- simple standard lexical function212, 261, 265–266
- see also basic-level category, superordinate category or level
- lexical representation hypothesis57; see also hypothesis
- lexical set5, 10, 21,
26, 35–38, 46, 64, 69,
73, 76–78, 91, 107, 112,
119, 202, 209–213,215, 217, 229–230, 233,239–240, 246–247, 250–251, 253–256, 266, 274,277, 279, 285–287, 290–291,295, 297, 299–302, 306–308
- overlapping lexical sets10, 74, 76–77
- lexical unitsee unit
- lexical verb24, 275; see also auxiliary, delexical verb
- lexicalization24, 67, 266, 269; see also delexicalization
- lexically filledconstruction17, 126,128, 298
- lexicogrammar9, 32, 34,
36, 44, 56,
64, 103–104, 277, 286, 288, 293–294, 298–299
- lexicogrammatical function10, 266, 278, 289, 291, 299, 308
- lexicogrammatical restriction10, 64
- lexicography2, 6, 12, 27–29, 47, 100
- lexicology2–4, 70, 79
- lexicon32, 44, 49, 51–52, 71, 108, 262, 267, 270, 277, 288; see also continuity between grammar and lexicon, mental lexicon
- lexis
- lexis and grammar2, 31–32, 51, 55, 65, 291
- lexis as a linguistic level9, 31–32, 35, 75
- light verb24, 79, 201, 262, 264–265, 269; see also verb
- linguistic codesee code
- linguistic datasee data
- linguistic evidencesee evidence
- linguistic signsee sign
- linguistic stage124, 127–128, 144; see also language acquisition
- linguistic structure17, 87, 91, 94, 105, 108–109, 111,125, 157, 297; see also conceptual structure
- linguistic symbolsee symbol
- linguistic unitsee unit
- linguisticssee Cognitive Linguistics, cognitive sociolinguistics, corpus linguistics, Firthian linguistics, functional linguistics, generative linguistics, neurolinguistics, patholinguistics, psycholinguistics, social cognitive linguistics, structural linguistics, Systemic Functional Linguistics (SFL)
- literal
- literal marker82
- literal meaning51, 57–59, 63–64,69, 76, 80, 82, 84–85, 87, 145–146, 163, 180, 184, 192, 299
- literal sense68, 70–71, 77, 81–82, 85–86, 182; see also conceptualization, figurative sense, interpretation
- literalness80–81, 87, 152
- location event-structuresee event-structure
- long words57see lexical representation hypothesis
- low frequency datasee data
- low-level schema153, 176–177, 181, 184, 193,196–198, 207, 211
M
- mappingsee also blending, conceptual integrationsee cross-domain mapping,metaphor, metaphorical mapping
- marked versus unmarked level31, 57, 61, 73; see also level of formality, register
- marker
- markers and distinguishers
- mass noun174–175, 217–218, 223, 225; see also count noun
- meaning.
- level of meaning4, 30–31, 33, 37, 53, 64, 66, 97, 265
- meaning construction18, 184, 237, 306; see also conceptual meaning, contextual meaning, conventional meaning, cultural meaning, figurative meaning, generic meaning, grammatical meaning, idiomatic meaning, linguistic meaning, literal meaning, underspecification of meaning
- meaning-text theory47, 212
- memory20, 53–55, 57,120, 122,
298, 306
- associative memory54
- declarative memory53–56, 298
- episodic memory53–54
- explicit memory53
- implicit memory53
- non-declarative memory56
- semantic memory53–54
- mental
- mental grammar54–56
- mental lexicon49–51
- mental space15, 22, 24, 33, 183; see also blended space, input space
- metafunction116; see also Organon Model
- metaphor15, 23, 31,
39, 42, 92,110–111, 283,62, 82–84, 146, 156, 268,
280, 299
- conduit metaphor96
- container metaphor83, 146
- object metaphor111
- primary metaphor145, 156–157, 280
- source-path-goal metaphor119
- space metaphor218–220
- time metaphor218–220
- understanding is seeing or knowing185, 191; see also event-structure, source domain, target domain
- metaphorical
- metaphorical expression65, 156
- metaphorical extension24, 150, 152, 161, 185. 188, 270–271, 279, 289
- metaphorical mapping110, 144, 151, 156–157, 166, 177, 179, 194, 216, 222, 280, 299
- methodologyx,2–3, 7–8, 25–26, 89, 94, 98,101, 107–108, 117–118, 131–132, 278, 294, 297, 301, 304
- metonymic83, 120,139, 204, 271, 285, 289, 291
- Middle Englishsee English
- mimetic schema124–125, 128, 132; see also body image, body schema, image schema
- mindx,6, 13–14, 16, 32, 42–44, 89–91, 92, 99,106, 109–111, 115–118, 123, 125, 128–129, 136, 184, 187, 196, 237,153, 199, 243, 283, 290, 298; see also brain, conventionalization, entrenchment, representation
- monosemy137, 141; see also polysemy
- motion24, 123, 162, 221, 234
- motivation8–9, 11–12, 21–22, 33, 39–41, 48,56, 60–63, 66–67, 74, 76, 80–83, 83, 87, 89, 93, 106,112–115, 129–130, 148, 150–151, 156,157, 148176–178, 181, 194, 197–198, 202, 204–205,211, 216, 230, 239–240, 246, 250, 262, 264, 279, 283, 286, 288, 294, 297–300, 304; see also analysability, predictability
- movement92, 122, 145, 157–158, 162–166, 190, 195, 221–222; see also causation, embodiment, image schema, location event-structure
- multiword expression (MWE)262, 263
N
- native speaker7, 11, 42–44, 61, 63, 74, 83, 96, 101–103, 105, 122, 148, 252
- natural language15, 18, 46, 51, 56, 58, 101, 106, 259, 273; see also idiom principle, language data
- necessary and sufficient features19, 46,261, 303; see also classical category, generative linguistics
- negation156, 159, 170, 179, 246, 250, 259, 274, 280, 289, 291
- negative causationsee causation
- neo-Firthians2–3, 18, 299; see also Firthian linguistics
- network20–22, 34, 38, 60, 62,
82, 86, 90,
110,136, 138–140, 148, 156–157,184, 189, 193,
196, 201–202, 216, 239–240, 284, 290, 295, 299, 307,
- network model41–42, 72, 89, 111, 135–136, 141–143, 175, 195, 197, 199–200, 237, 278–279, 282–283
- ontological status of network model199–200, 237, 282–283, 297
- neural53, 55, 92–93, 106, 111, 125, 297
- neural imaging or neuroimagining methods106, 307
- neurological aspects17, 53–54, 106, 111, 124, 297
- neurocognitive aspects55, 267
- neurolinguistics14, 51, 54, 91, 95, 109, 230, 307
- neurophysiological aspects93
- nodesee also base, base-word. collocate, collocator
- node in a collocation5
- node in a network21, 111, 136
- nonce form38, 68, 70, 72, 85; see also creative collocation, creative exploitation, extension
- noncompositional8, 45, 59, 74, 80, 307; see also compositionality
- non-declarative memorysee memory
- non-elicitedsee data: elicited or unelicited data
- non-full verbsee verb
- non-proportionality257–258see proportionality
- nonsensorimotor domainsee also sensorimotor versus nonsensorimotor domain
- novelexpression53–54, 56, 65, 114, 166; see also creative collocation, creative exploitation, metaphorical extension, open choice principle
O
- object event-structure see event-structure,
- object metaphorsee metaphor
- Old Englishsee English
- one form/one meaning hypothesis71, 135; see also isomorphism, isolate meaning, polysemy
- onomasiological approach21, 118, 145, 177, 189, 195, 199, 279, 290, 295; see also semasiological
- onomasiological saliencesee salience
- ontogenetic development127; see also language acquisition
- ontological19–20, 199, 237, 282, 285, 297; see also salience: ontological salience, network model: ontological status of network model
- opacity or opaqueness11 27, 301
- opaque idiomatic expressions48–49, 80, 83, 293–294; see also idiom
- open choice principle2, 18, 40, 43, 56, 294
- open collocation
- in a functional and cognitive framework6, 251–255, 272, 286–287, 290–291, 295, 300–303, 308
- in traditional phraseologysee free collocation
- Organon Model95–96, 113–116, 124–125, 128, 144
- overlapping collocations10, 78; see also collocation, traditional phraseology
- overlap betweencomplex categories21, 240–241, 249, 294, 299, 301, 305; see also standard and target
P
- paradigmatic
- paradigmatic dimension5, 8, 10–11, 15, 27, 35–36, 44, 56, 69–70, 76, 87, 91, 274, 277, 279, 290, 299
- paradigmatic restriction38, 70
- parole39–40, 43, 67–68see langue/parole dichotomy
- part-whole configuration56, 107, 113, 119, 121, 141, 212, 229, 247, 250, 252, 261, 290, 295, 297, 299, 305–307; see also gestalt
- participant15, 24, 62, 179–180, 235, 263–265, 287–288
- patholinguistics53–54; see also linguistics
- pattern completion119–120see gestalt
- pattern finding124; see also language acquisition
- pattern grammarsee grammar
- pattern reading125–126, 128; see also language acquisition
- perception14, 53, 56–57, 61–63, 92–93, 100, 113, 119, 122–123, 125, 250; see also gestalt, part-whole configuration
- perspective133, 230, 232–233, 237, 262, 273, 283, 285; see also frame, frame slot, specific frame
- phonological polesee pole
- phraseologyx,2–9, 5–8, 11–12, 18, 22, 25–30, 34, 38–41,43, 45–50, 52, 58, 60–64, 66–70, 72–87, 82, 89,107, 131, 252, 267,293–294, 296, 299–304, 308; see also collocation, general definitions andproblems, collocation, functional and cognitive framework, collocation, traditional phraseology
- phraseological spectrum48–49, 60, 64, 68–70, 73, 85, 87, 301, 303
- phrasal verb130, 147–148, 153, 160–161, 164, 166, 171–173, 176, 180–182, 184–185, 188–189, 198188–189,199, 226, 280, 282, 295, 299, 308
- pole
- linguistic pole114
- semantic pole66, 113–115, 167, 173
- phonological pole167
- polysemy25, 34, 38, 41, 60, 71–75, 79–80, 87, 89, 103, 105, 109, 111, 120, 123, 128, 133–138, 141, 143, 161–162,175–176, 178, 195, 213, 230, 237, 240, 278–279, 282, 286, 300; see also ambiguity, vagueness
- polysystemic38–39; see also Firthian linguistics
- Popper’s three worlds x,110; see also conceptual artefact
- positive causationsee causation
- post-access decision process60; see also spreading activation model
- pragmatic8, 15, 22,
33, 44, 48,
61–62, 74,135, 253, 268
- pragmatic association91, 105, 126, 129
- pragmatic formulae
- pragmatics14, 65, 71, 90, 268
- predicate or predicator25, 130, 142–143, 147, 257, 265
- complex predicate or predicator25, 56, 132–133, 213, 264, 268–269, 271–273, 276–277, 289, 291, 295, 298, 304, 306
- composite predicate129, 130, 133
- predication167–168, 174, 224, 226, 228, 242, 245,262, 275–276, 289
- nominal predication167–168, 170–171, 173–175, 178. 203, 223–224, 228, 239–242,247, 249, 281
- processual predication167–168, 171, 174, 202, 220–221, 223, 272, 281
- relational predication141, 167, 167–168, 170, 175, 203, 240–241, 247, 251, 276, 283, 289
- predicator
- fused predicator257, 287, 289
- predictability
- in functional and cognitive framework9, 41, 62, 80, 87, 97, 136, 150–151, 177, 189, 197, 215, 239–240, 269, 282, 293–294
- in traditional phraseology10, 18, 45, 58, 61, 63, 68, 70, 87, 97, 294
- prefabricated unitsee also chunk, holistic meaningsee unit
- prelinguistic
- prelinguistic stage124, 127–128, 132see also mimetic schema, language acquisition
- prelinguistic substance112, 144; see also aboutness, domain
- prepositional verb153, 161, 166; see also phrasal verb
- preverbal concept see also concept
- primary metaphor145, 156–157, 280see metaphor
- probabilism36; see also lexical set
- procedural memory or knowledge54–56, 298
- processsee processual predication
- processing20, 52–53, 57, 103, 136
- processual predication167–168, 171, 174, 202, 220–221, 223, 272, 281; see also processual relation
- processual relation172, 202, 225, 227, 245, 272; see also processual predication
- production preference101–102; see also native speaker
- productivity45, 65, 67; see also generative linguistics
- proficiency
- language proficiencysee language
- profile25, 91, 131, 139, 167–168, 170, 173–174, 178, 180, 202–203, 213, 218, 220, 227, 230,240, 242, 245, 247, 249, 263, 272, 276–277, 284–285, 288
- profile/base distinction167–168, 173, 218; see also figure/groundorganization
- projection22, 184; see also blending, conceptual integration
- projection rules44; see also generative linguistics
- prompting6, 61, 102, 136, 184, 244
- proportionality to pronominal paradigms257–260, 288; see also support verb
- proprioception122–124, 127; see also body schema
- prototype11, 18–19, 63, 77, 79,
89, 102–103,107, 137, 175,
180, 187–188, 214, 254–255, 259, 261–262, 264, 287, 296–297
- prototype category18–19, 21, 50, 71, 103, 178, 257–259, 261, 264–265, 267, 275, 277, 287–288, 305
- prototype status214–215, 217, 250–251, 254, 291, 302
- prototypicality18, 21, 57, 72, 99, 102–103, 112, 133–134, 175, 178, 182–185, 198,214, 230, 251, 254–261, 264, 266–267, 275, 286–289, 296, 299, 305–306
- proverb30, 306; see also formulaic language, idiom
- proximity35, 229, 243
- psycholinguistics14, 51–52, 56, 58, 60, 62–63, 66, 81, 95, 97, 109, 148,176, 182–183, 186–189, 191, 194–196, 197–198, 214, 230, 234, 243, 247, 263, 266–267,282,297, 299, 302, 306–307
- psychology16, 47, 56, 89, 98, 107–108, 113, 119–123, 212, 298–299, 307
- psychological plausibility x,82, 98, 108, 125, 200, 283, 298; see also cognitive commitment
- punning56, 60, 97, 138
- pure idiomsee idiom
- purposesee communicative purpose, expressive purpose
Q
- qualitativeapproachx,7, 14, 34,55, 98, 105–107, 134, 239, 243, 253, 290, 295, 300, 304, 307–308; see also brain, mind
- quantitative approachx,7–8,26, 34 89, 98, 105–106, 304; see also corpus, frequency
- quasi-auxiliary269; see also light verb, verb
R
- radial category156, 177
- rangesee collocational range, referential range
- range, domain of the process120; see also neo-Firthians, SystemicFunctional Linguistics
- reading135, 137, 142–143, 146–147, 175–182, 185–199, 201–202, 204, 229, 232, 234, 237–238, 242, 256, 278–279, 282–284, 290, 294
- overlap between readings139, 148, 176, 180, 182, 185, 195, 198
- ready-made phrase2, 8, 120; see also chunk, lexical unit
- reanalysis271–273, 289; see also grammaticalization
- reasoning
- abstract reasoning93,122, 125
- circular reasoning106, 108
- rebracketing272; see also reanalysis, grammaticalization
- recombinability8, 86; see also commutability, substitutability
- recurrence4, 7, 23, 29,72, 99–100, 107, 111, 122, 125, 293, 29
- reductionism14, 46, 77, 93, 117, 267
- redundancy23, 44, 54, 56, 298
- referential
- referential level135, 139, 145–146, 237; see also extensional level, definitional level, intensional level
- referential range148, 202–203, 279–280, 290, 295
- referential situation95–96, 113–115, 125, 128, 144, 279; see also Organon Model
- register73, 76, 132, 142, 256, 263, 265
- reification110–111, 299
- relational predicationsee predication
- renewal of connection36, 39, 94, 114, 131, 239, 278; see also Firthianism
- representation
- mental representation16–17, 52, 106, 109, 113, 115, 123, 125–128, 144, 199–200, 283, 297–298; see also affordance, frame, image schema
- resemantization60; see also creative exploitation, creativity
- restricted collocation4, 6, 8–10, 11–12, 18, 24, 29, 40, 44, 46, 48–50, 61, 68–70, 72, 74–78, 79–86, 252, 296, 300, 302, 304
- restrictedness6–7, 10–12, 27, 39, 42–43, 61, 64, 74, 78, 87, 296; see also general selection restriction, paradigmatic restriction, substitutability, syntagmatic restriction, usage restriction
- NB: PLEASEREMOVE THIS LINE
- resultative meaning161, 166; see also phrasal verb
- retrieval7, 306; see also memory
- Role and Reference Grammarsee grammar
- routine43, 74, 81,
87, 95, 97–98, 104, 107, 126, 129
- cognitive routine16, 18, 89–90, 107–108, 114, 131, 197, 278
- linguistic routine1, 24, 33, 93, 97, 131, 136, 304
- rule/list fallacysee exclusionary fallacy, fallacy, false dichotomy
- run-of-the-mill combination68–70; see also collocation, traditional phraseology
- Russian phraseology3, 27–28, 46–47, 50, 58, 69, 86
S
- salience9, 19, 75,
141, 246–247, 252- 255, 290–291
- cognitive salience19–20, 25, 107, 119, 132–134, 143, 213, 215, 230, 239, 246–247, 250–251, 253, 255, 278, 285–286, 291, 300, 302, 307
- onomasiological salience19–20, 107, 133, 213, 215, 246–247, 253, 278, 285, 301
- ontological salience19–20, 119, 189, 194, 285, 291
- salient substructure9, 75, 213, 230, 234, 240, 247–253, 274, 277–278, 282, 284–287, 290–291, 299, 301–302, 305; see also frame
- sanctioning22, 113–115, 136; see also motivation
- Saussurean structural linguisticssee structural linguistics
- scaleof idiomaticity48–49, 80–81, 302–303; see alsoRussian phraseology
- scenario112, 263, 265; see also frame, scene, schema, script,
- scene42, 111–112, 167–168; see also frame, scenario, schema, script
- schema11, 17, 91,
117, 125, 137,
140
- high-level schema17, 139, 143,197, 279
- low-level schema17, 153, 176–177, 181, 184, 193, 196–198, 207, 211
- schematicity17, 22, 34, 72, 113–115, 137, 200, 211, 215, 240, 250, 256, 275–277, 284, 289; see also abstraction
- schematic frame159, 213, 229–237, 235, 237–238, 242, 247–250, 252, 254, 256, 266, 283–286, 290–291, 300–301, 306, 307–308; see also frame slot, specific frame
- scope167, 174; see also base
- script47, 112; see also frame, scenario,scene, schema,
- selection115
- selection preferences5, 274
- selection restrictions
- semantic framesee frame
- semantic memorysee memory
- semantic pole66, 113, 115, 167, 173; see also pole, sign, symbol
- semantics15, 40, 65, 68,70, 73, 90–91, 243; see also frame semantics, two-level semantics
- semasiological118, 145, 156, 177, 195, 199, 279, 295; see also onomasiological
- semi-auxiliary24, 261, 265–266, 275!
- sensorimotor versus nonsensorimotor domain93, 132, 148, 157, 203, 279
- sensesee figurative sense, literal sense
- sequential scanning145, 167; see also Cognitive Grammar
- setsee lexical set
- shell nouns213, 285
- sign13, 39–40, 41, 91, 95
- signifier/signified39–41; see also sign
- similarity136–137, 139, 141, 148, 198; see also network
- simple standard lexical functionsee lexical function
- simplex verb130, 204, 276; see also complex verb, full verb, verb
- simulation93, 125–126
- situationsee context of situation, habitual situation, referential situation, usage situation
- situational contextsee context
- slot44, 283, 298,
305
- slot filler12, 17, 31, 65, 119, 212, 229
- social Cognitive Linguistics92, 117
- social conventionalization6, 67, 90
- social turnx,16, 117–118, 307
- socio-communicative aspects20, 36, 246
- sociolinguistics5, 16, 91–92, 246, 254
- sociosemiotic commitment x,16, 96, 118, 297
- source
- source domainsee domain
- source-path-goal metaphorsee metaphor
- space110, 123, 137, 218–220; see also blended space, input space, mental space, metaphor
- speaker7–8, 11, 16, 20–21 35, 42–44, 52–53, 55, 61, 71, 74–75, 81, 83, 90, 92, 95–97,101–103, 105–106, 109, 111, 113, 115–118, 120, 122, 131, 135–136, 141, 148, 199–200, 213, 215, 237, 243, 252, 278, 283, 290, 295, 297, 299; see also native speaker
- speaking2, 39–40, 43; see also langue/parole dichotomy
- specialization21, 153; see also extension, network
- specialized
- specialized sense or meaning8, 24, 74–78, 80–81 86, 305; see also technical
- specific frame119, 126, 133, 159, 213–214, 221, 229–237–239, 242, 247, 249–250, 252, 256, 266, 269, 274, 283–286, 290–291, 295, 297, 300, 300–30, 307–308; see also frame slot, schematic frame
- specificity78, 180, 256, 266, 275, 289; see also standard and target
- speech17–19, 46, 52, 67, 131,
141, 154, 156,
158, 182
- speech community94, 109, 112, 200–201
- spoken language133, 201, 294, 306
- spreading activation model20, 57, 243
- stacked deck40, 42, 252; see also structural linguistics
- standard8, 27, 44–45, 48, 70, 72, 86–87, 275–276, 289, 304; see also simple standard lexical function, standard and target
- standard and target266, 275–277, 289
- overlaps between standard and target266, 275–277, 289
- statisticsx,34, 89, 100, 103–104, 106, 230, 294, 304; see also corpus: statistical corpus tools
- statisticallyoriented approachsee frequency-based approach
- stative situations271; see also Aktionsart
- stativeconstrual167, 172, 178, 227, 245, 271
- statussee conventional status, ontological status of network model, prototype status
- storage8, 17, 49, 52, 54, 57–58, 66, 111, 114, 120–121, 125–126, 136, 199, 298–299, 306; see also gestalt, holistic meaning, memory
- stretched verb construction268, 276; see also bleaching, complex verb
- structural linguistics1, 12–15, 27, 33, 42, 37–47, 63, 66–69, 71, 80, 86, 91, 211, 229, 252, 268; see also arbitrariness, generative linguistics, signifier/signified, sign, symbol, value
- structuresee conceptual structure, component structure, composite structure, event-structure, grammatical structure, internal structure, linguistic structure,
- subconsciousnesssee consciousness
- subordinatecategory or level of categorization19, 153, 166, 181, 185, 188, 199, 210–211, 215, 217, 230, 233–234, 250–251, 253, 257, 276, 282, 291, 299; see also basic-level category
- substancesee prelinguistic substance
- substitutability8, 10, 36, 38, 44, 49, 69, 74, 76–78, 86–87, 274; see also commutability, recombinability
- substitution34, 51, 84, 139–140, 229, 232; see also commutation
- substructure9, 21, 75, 151, 167, 213, 230, 234, 240, 247–248, 250, 253, 274, 277–278, 282, 284–285, 286, 287, 290–291, 299, 301–302, 305; see also frame, salience
- superordinate category or level of categorization12, 19, 77, 91, 211–212, 250, 286, 289, 299, 308; see also basic-level category
- support construction264, 288, 305
- support adjective264, 288
- support adverb264, 288
- support noun264, 288
- supportverb24–25, 79, 103, 132–133, 142–143, 171, 175, 179–180, 183, 212, 227–228, 240, 246, 257261, 262–263, 264–269, 271–277, 281–282, 286–289, 291, 305–306; see also verb: full verb, non-full verb, verbo-nominal predicate
- symbol95–96, 113–116, 124–125, 128, 144, 241, 249; see alsoOrganon Model, pole, sign, symbolic structure, symbolic unit
- symbolic meaning83, 91, 95–96,124, 180
- symbolic structure145, 173, 239, 267
- symbolic unit12, 66, 91, 96, 111, 113, 116, 267
- synchronic view13, 17, 22,
38–42, 49, 89, 98, 129–130, 152, 198–199, 202, 205, 267–268, 270, 288
- synchronic data or evidence
- synonymy5, 10, 34, 36, 76, 78, 167, 211,225,246, 254, 256, 274, 276, 286–287, 299–301
- syntagmatic dimension8, 10, 15,
35–36, 38, 40–41, 44,56, 69, 76,
87, 97,134,
145, 174–175, 211–212, 299,
- syntagmatic association
- syntagmatic context
- syntagmatic restriction11, 70, 27, 87
- syntax4–5, 8–9, 12, 15, 29–30,31–33,37, 40, 42–45, 52, 57–58, 64–66, 66, 70, 72, 75, 77, 87, 90, 97, 132–133, 168, 188, 211–212, 243, 258, 264–266, 268, 271–275, 289, 293–294, 305
- syntactic rule32–33, 44, 45, 52, 70, 72, 136
- systemic contextsee context
- systemic functional grammarsee grammar
- Systemic Functional Linguistics (SFL) 120
T
- targetsee target domain, standard and target
- taxonomy of collocations239–240, 253–255. 257, 268, 272, 286–287, 290, 300, 303, 305–306
- technicaltermsee collocation, general definitions and problems, Firthian linguistics
- technical sense or meaning24, 75–77, 80–81, 86, 183, 251, 315; see also specialized sense or meaning
- telicsee Aktionsart
- temporal focus or profilesee aspect, relational predication, sequential scanning
- themesee ergativity
- thingsee nominal predication, Cognitive Grammar
- timesee metaphor
- tokenfrequencysee frequency
- top-down coercion120–121, 213, 235, 284, 290, 301; see also gestalt, part-whole configuration
- traditional phraseological approachsee collocation, traditional phraseology
- trajector139, 168, 171–172, 195, 217–218,219–220, 221–222, 240, 284; see also landmark, figure/ground organization
- trajector/landmark asymmetry168
- transformational-generative grammar45see also generative linguistics
- transmission modelof communication96
- transparency11, 27, 48, 70, 80, 83, 264, 301; see also analysability, opacity
- truth conditions135; see also correspondence theory of truth
- two-level semantics71, 114
- type and token frequencysee frequency
- typology11, 17, 275, 307
U
- unconscious thought processessee consciousness
- underspecification of meaning113, 136
- understanding is seeing or knowingsee metaphor
- unelicited data see elicited or unelicited data
- unification of approaches26, 304
- unit15, 20,23, 32,35, 45, 47–48, 54–55, 58, 81,114, 261, 274, 287
- composite unit52, 58, 64, 66, 74
- conventional unit22, 55
- fixed unit8
- lexical unit8, 77, 108,
118–119, 211–212, 264–265
- linguistic unit15, 55, 111, 115, 167, 297
- multi-word unit8, 47
- phonological unit113, 116
- phraseological unit3, 28, 48
- prefabricated unit3, 51, 58, 306
- semantic unit42, 48, 58, 113
- syntactic unit44, 64
- unit of meaning
- unitary
- expression52–55, 57–58, 298
- meaning71, 80, 84, 114, 135–136; see also storage
- universal principle42–43, 46, 117; see also generative linguistics
- unmarkedsee marked
- usage32, 39–40, 43, 54, 73, 82, 90–92, 99, 104, 110, 114, 128, 144, 201, 207, 295
- usagebasedx,3, 16–17, 23, 30, 38–39, 91, 97–98, 111, 114, 118, 199, 274, 293, 297–298, 307
- usage restriction4, 7–8, 32–33, 34, 40, 68, 69
- usage situation or event7, 24, 33–34, 54, 62, 78, 91, 93, 98, 102, 113, 115–116, 118–119, 126–129, 137,167, 200, 215, 241, 243, 247, 252, 254, 283, 297
- utterance15, 23, 35, 39, 51, 90, 94, 115–116, 213, 243, 246
V
- vagueness128, 137–139, 146, 176–178, 186–187, 234; see also ambiguity, polysemy
- valence or valency21, 75, 240, 276, 257, 259; see also combinatorial potential
- value34, 35, 39, 37, 41, 49, 71, 80, 91, 104, 107, 115, 118–119, 137, 159, 211–212, 229, 246, 271; see also default, frame slot, slot filler
- variabilityx,10, 16, 18, 22, 58, 63, 97–98, 103, 134, 195, 199, 215, 246, 251, 254–255, 267, 285–286, 288, 301, 307
- variation2, 5, 15,
21, 36,41–43, 49–50, 56, 58, 64–67, 77–78, 91, 97, 103, 107,
117–118, 129, 132–133, 146, 149, 155, 197, 209–210, 213, 215, 217, 227, 230–231, 245–247, 250–251, 259, 274–275, 278–279, 297, 306–307
- ad hoc variation6–7, 97–98, 133, 210, 213, 215, 217, 229–231, 233–234, 239, 250–251, 253, 286, 290, 295, 299–303, 308
- domain of variation21, 91, 103, 118, 213, 215, 217, 230, 233, 246, 253–254, 274, 285–286, 290, 299, 301–303, 308
- ease of variation32
- variety77, 121, 211–212; see also language: language varieties
- verb
- full verb103, 143, 171–172, 175, 257–258, 260–262, 269, 272–273, 275, 277, 281, 288–289
- non-full verb257, 275; see also auxiliary, complex verb, composite unit, delexical verb, lexical verb, light verb, semi-auxiliary, simplex verb, support verb, quasi-auxiliary
- verbo-nominal predicate24, 260; see also support verb
- viewpoint115; see also alternative conceptualization,
- alternative construal
W
- whole7, 9, 30, 32,41, 53, 55, 58, 67, 70–71, 80–81,83, 85–86, 99, 104, 113, 125, 139, 296, 306; see also compositionality,gestalt, part-whole configuration,
- wordplay42, 56, 93, 97–98; see also creative exploitation, expressive purposes, punning, zeugma
Z
- zeugma138, 178–179, 182–183, 187, 232; see also creative exploitation, expressive purposes, punning, wordplay
