In:Aspectuality across Languages: Event construal in speech and gesture
Edited by Alan Cienki and Olga K. Iriskhanova
[Human Cognitive Processing 62] 2018
► pp. xv–xvi
Published online: 25 October 2018
https://doi.org/10.1075/hcp.62.ltf
https://doi.org/10.1075/hcp.62.ltf
List of tables and figures
Table 1.1Boundedness vs. non-boundedness: Shared meaning of aspect and Aktionsart46
Figure 1.1Boundary schemas as kinesic schemas, with their variants57
Figure 1.2Langacker’s (1991: 88) visualization of a perfective and an imperfective process57
Figure 1.3Unbounded gesture, controlled and steady motion throughout58
Figure 1.4Double-bounded gesture, e.g., boundary at onset and at offset58
Figure 2.1Set-up for recording conversations for the production study65
Figure 2.2Typical view of participants as video-recorded65
Figure 2.3One entire gesture unit, its component phrases, and their component phases. The speaker says, “mais eux, ils étaient un peu à part” (‘but them, they were a bit on the side’)69
Figure 2.4Schematic diagram of the gesture coding categories bounded and unbounded and their sub-types72
Figure 2.5Relations between the different tiers of the annotation template designed under ELAN75
Table 3.1Number and percentage of verb forms used with past time meaning (French)83
Table 3.2Number and percentage of verb forms used with past time meaning (German)93
Table 3.3Number and percentage of verb forms used with past time meaning (Russian)97
Table 3.4Types of compound constructions “finite verb + infinitive” in the Russian data103
Table 4.1Main results of the average boundary schemas of French and German speakers109
Table 4.2Scheme for cross-language double coding109
Table 4.3Number of forms with and without gestures and % gestures with speech per tense114
Figure 4.1Proportional distribution of bounded and unbounded gestures according to the languages (total N for each language: German = 436, Russian = 415, French = 309)111
Figure 4.2Distribution of boundary schemas for the co-verbal gestures produced with past tense forms in French115
Figure 4.3“Tout le monde passait à côté” (‘everyone was walking past them’)117
Figure 4.4“J’y suis allée trois fois.” (I went there three times)117
Figure 4.5“où j’étais pas là.” (‘When I wasn’t there’)118
Figure 4.6“i(ls) sont revenus
.” (‘They came back’)119
Figure 4.7Amount of gestures used with imperfect and perfect verb tenses in French and German124
Figure 4.8Co-occurrence of verb tense forms with gesture types in German125
Figure 4.9Correlation of the boundaries expressed by gestures on the two parts of the perfect tense verbs in French and in German126
Figure 4.10
Perfekt with bounded gestures: “wo Leute um mich herum getanzt haben”127
Figure 4.11Example for Präteritum with unbounded gestures: “die hatten die beste Pizza”128
Figure 4.12Example for Präteritum with bounded gestures: “ich war froh, dass ich’s nicht bestellt hab, weil es nämlich Kuhmagen war”129
Figure 4.13Use of bounded and unbounded gestures with the perfective and imperfective aspects in the past tense133
Figure 4.14Use of bounded and unbounded gestures with the perfective and imperfective aspects across all verb forms, including infinitives, in absolute numbers134
Figure 4.15“vot oni sošlis’
.” (‘So they confronted each other.’)136
Figure 4.16“Tam takoj krug stoit s časami.” (‘There ‘stands’ a circle like that with a clock.’)137
Figure 4.17Use of gestures representing verb semantics versus semantics of other elements of the phrase137
Figure 4.18“Ja učastkovogo svoego videla vsego odin raz v žizni.” (‘I saw our local policeman only once in my life.’)140
Table 5.1Length of verbs in the imparfait and passé composé and gestures produced with those verbs156
Figure 5.1Presentation of the degrees of freedom of the arm, the forearm, and the hand145
Figure 5.2“Donc y avait du sang partout” (‘then, it was blood everywhere’)147
Figure 5.3“Enfin, on n’était pas nombreux” (‘I mean, we were not numerous’)147
Figure 5.4Codman’s paradox150
Figure 5.5Manual example of the alignment of the rotation axis between abduction/adduction and pronation/supination151
Figure 5.6Distribution of the two propagation flows according to the tenses used imparfait (Impf, imperfect tense and passé composé (pc, perfect tense)153
Figure 5.7Distribution of the first segment in motion according to the flow154
Table 6.1Average length of video clips, in frames (24 frames/sec), for each language170
Table 6.2Mean response times (RTs) for each language broadly classified as imperfective and perfective temporal meaning175
Figure 6.1The way in which the video clips were cropped for presentation to experiment participants170
Figure 6.2Mean RTs for verb type (i.e., speech on the x-axis) as a function of bounded or unbounded for French, German, and Russian as read from left-to-right175
