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In:How Grammar Links Concepts: Verb-mediated constructions, attribution, perspectivizing
Friedrich Ungerer
[Human Cognitive Processing 57] 2017
► pp. 319–325

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Subject index

Published online: 26 July 2017

https://doi.org/10.1075/hcp.57.si

A

accompaniment 90, 168, 170, 204; see circumstance

action chain 4, 101, 159

adjacency 6, 82–83, 85–86, 93, 98–99, 139–140, 180, 189–190, 244; see word order

adjective

elementary 183–187, 190

emotional attitude/reaction 145, 147–148

evaluative 146–148

human propensity 59

physical property 20, 184–185

volition 145, 148

adjective complement 144–147

adverb

adjectival 151, 171, 181–184, 185–186

as afterthought 178–180

attitudinal 34–35, 38–41, 45, 57–58, 76, 119, 180

connective/linking 33–34, 42, 57, 64, 92–93, 117, 120–124

degree 33–34, 37–38, 45, 56–58, 75–77, 88–89, 92, 117–118, 126–127, 178, 185–195

measure-based 190–194

emphasizer 34–35, 45, 56–57, 60–62, 66, 76, 115–117, 119, 125, 187–188

factive 76, 79

focusing 33, 37, 45, 57, 92–93, 111–117, 119, 122–125, 162

frequency 29, 34,–35, 38, 44–45, 56–57, 60–62, 76, 78, 97, 117–118, 125–128, 164, 167, 179–180.

locative 143, 154, 219, 259, 267

manner 22, 33–35, 36–40, 45, 56–59, 75–77, 88, 97, 100, 117–118, 126, 128, 177–182, 187, 234

person-oriented (manner) 30, 33, 36–39, 45, 56–58, 76, 118, 179

presentation 34–35, 45, 59, 119

process-oriented (manner) 36, 38–40, 45, 56–57, 76–77, 118, 179, 187

time/temporal 27, 29, 35, 45, 56–58, 60, 66–67, 76, 97, 117–118, 120, 126, 128, 164

viewpoint 29, 33–36, 38–40, 42, 45, 57–58, 69, 76, 100, 119–120, 128, 179–180, 217–218, 230, 239; see viewpoint perspectivizer

volitional 57, 59, 63

ad-verb 137, 171, 174–177, 182–183, 189, 234, 257

adverbial see circumstance

non-obligatory (free modifier) 86, 151, 167, 234

semi-obligatory 6, 23, 136, 234, 30

agent 3, 6, 13–19, 22, 45–46, 51, 54–55, 71–72, 81–83, 89, 91, 93, 96, 102, 106–108, 118, 152, 154, 161, 167–170, 175, 178, 183, 228, 248, 250, 252, 256–257, 262, 270, 299, 304; see VMC

agreement 5–6, 21, 27–28, 31, 45, 55, 57, 59,–6, 64, 74–75, 83, 86, 93, 117, 139–140, 199–201, 271–272, 274, 277–278, 281, 283, 288–289, 295, 302, 304

aspect 4–6, 13, 28, 31, 44–45, 55, 57, 74–77, 117, 128–129, 132, 135–137, 140–141, 200–201, 203, 239, 253, 272, 305; see TAM

assertiveness 75–79

attributed referent 91, 136–137, 198, 203–207, 208–210, 212–215, 217, 219–221, 234, 292–294, 304

attribution 3–9, 13, 15–17, 19–26, 41, 45; ; see also modifying, circumstancing, role attribution, semantic attraction

and deixis 27–28

and intonation 42

and given/new 132

and language acquisition 237–239, 241–254, 256–259, 261, 265–295

auxiliary 5, 28–29, 32, 36, 39, 60, 64–66, 84, 86, 112, 114, 180, 202, 205, 226, 265, 272, 277–278, 285–287, 294

B

backdoor entry 8, 229, 239, 272, 290–293, 295–299

back-reference 120–122; see connective adverbs

belong-together relationship 7, 237, 239, 241, 245, 247–248, 251–252, 259, 264, 266, 273

beneficiary 172–174, 204, 213–215, 267;

bleached concept 106–107, 143; see verbal concept

body posture 238, 245

by-agent 14–15, 97, 167–168

C

caregiver 245, 248–249, 253, 256–258, 260–261, 263, 269, 279, 285, 291, 294

case grammar 14, 16

cause 22, 41, 90–91, 149, 173–174, 216; see circumstance

caused motion 152, 156–159, 175, 183; see verbal concept

child-directed speech (CDS); see caregiver

CHILDES database 9, 241, 292, 298

circumstance 6, 13, 35–36, 42, 52–53, 67, 76, 112, 143, 153, 208; see cause, course, direction, frequency, goal, location, material, method, place, purpose, result, source, time

circumstancing 3, 7, 13, 20, 22–26, 34, 36, 42, 44–46, 52–53, 55–56, 67–69, 74, 85–86, 90, 92–93, 98–99, 104, 107, 109–110, 112–113, 119, 135–137, 143, 150–170, 172, 177–179, 199, 203, 205, 234, 238–239, 248, 303–304, 306

preposition-guided 23, 45, 150–158, 165, 169, 174, 259, 267

clause

adverbial 26, 29, 42, 45, 50, 53–55, 68–70, 74, 83, 99, 104, 107, 109, 121, 203, 301

content clause 228, 230

matrix 25, 32, 35, 51, 53–56, 68–70, 74, 83, 85, 91–92, 106, 108, 228–229, 231, 234, 265, 290, 295–296, 298–299, 305

and sentence 67–70

clause pattern; see VMC

complex transitive 258, 270

ditransitive 172, 209, 270

intransitive 18, 175

S-V-O 5, 14, 83, 101, 209, 303, 306

transitive 18, 175, 209, 257, 260, 270

nominal 50–51, 53, 56, 68, 106, 230

non-verbal 219

relative 26, 43, 45, 49, 53–56, 68–69, 83, 85, 93, 99, 107, 202, 298–299;

cleft sentence

it-cleft 107–110

scene setting 209–210

wh-cleft (pseudo-cleft) 106–107, 110

cognitive development 46, 237, 256

cognitive grammar 4, see action chain, viewing arrangement

cohesion 103, 105; see connective adverb

comitative see accompaniment

comment see topic

common stock of knowledge 131

communicative dynamism 131

comparison (of adj/adv) 55, 57, 74–76, 89, 184, 192

compound 20–22, 25, 41, 45, 52, 55–56, 67, 73, 85, 98, 151

concept-linking mechanism 1–8, 44–45

conceptual salience 95–96

concession 22, 32, 41, 53, 91, 123, 216

conjunction 26, 34, 53, 67–68, 74, 91–93, 198–202, 216, 218–219, 222, 230–233, 249, 285–286, 292, 298

construction see verb-mediated construction (VMC)

constructional coercion 15, 40

constructional meaning 2, 6, 15, 40, 149, 154–155, 157–158, 163, 172

construction grammar 1, 49, 71, 307; see form/meaning pairing

conventionalization 73–74, 187

corpus see pilot corpus

course 46, 155–157, 159, 161, 170, 251–252; see circumstance

D

degree see adverb of degree

deixis/deictic 17, 27–28, 45, 71, 74–75, 79, 142–143, 147–148, 154, 160, 164, 256, 266–270, 272, 275, 304

deontic 28, 57, 63–65, 76, 200–203, 211, 227, 272

determiner 21, 27, 77, 89, 186, 190, 192–193, 204, 207, 212, 215, 221, 247, 266, 306

directed motion 24, 152, 156, 158, 175, 183; see verbal concept

direction 24, 93, 103, 153, 155–161, 163, 170–171; see circumstance

dynamicity 75–77, 79, 88, 118, 163; see verbal concept

E

early attribution link (EAL) 237–239, 241, 244–246

early child language 237–299; see early attribution link

epistemic 17, 28, 57, 60, 63–65, 76, 129, 200–203, 211, 229, 295

ergative syntax 19

event schema 5

Examples 8–9

experiencer 7, 16, 45, 51, 71, 83, 91, 93, 144–146, 215, 256, 258, 263, 266, 270, 287, 292, 304; see VMC

F

factuality 76, 79, 203

figure/ground 95–96

trajector/landmark 95–96

focus; see cleft sentence

dominance (of focus) 117–131

end-focus 18, 45, 96, 101–110, 111–137, 139–143, 147, 149, 152, 155, 158–159, 162–163, 168–169, 172, 178–180, 182, 267, 280, 303

perspectival focus 111–132, 162

positional focus see end-focus

focus/scope scale 117

focusing 8, 13, 17, 33, 35, 38, 95–96, 100–131, 140, 158, 162, 176, 182; see focus

form/meaning pairing 1, 5–6, 30, 51, 135, 152, 158, 173, 197–198

force dynamic 14, 210; see VMC

frequency 24, 33, 160, 163–168, 170; see circumstance, adverb of fre-quency

fronting 83, 86, 101–105, 113, 128, 171

G

generative grammar 1, 8, 49, 71, 96, 98, 135, 197, 232, 303

genitive 21–22, 85, 93, 204, 207, 212, 215, 246–247, 266, 305, 307

gerund 6, 79, 92, 137, 144–145, 197–204, 206–207, 211–212, 215–216, 234, 293

half gerund 207, 211, 215

and participle 222–223

gestures 238, 245, 251–252, 266, 279

given/new 4, 33, 42, 49, 59, 95–96, 101, 131–132, 168, 243–244

goal 3–4, 6, 14–15, 46, 101, 152–153, 155–159, 161, 170, 173, 204, 213, 215, 238, 251–252, 256, 259, 262, 283, 287; see circumstance

gradability 75–77, 88, 118, 127, 191

grammaticalization 225–233, 286, 289, 296–298; see scope

H

hierarchy

grammatical 49–50, 52, 54, 56–57, 76

interlocking 50, 67, 301

in attribution 52–55, 67

in perspectivizing see scope hierarchy

in verb mediation (VMCs) 50, 56

holistic 4, 6–7, 20, 25, 52, 73, 120–122, 140, 144, 151, 203, 237–238, 241, 244–245, 247, 249, 251, 253, 273–274, 279, 283, 299

holophrase 237, 241, 251–252, 257, 264, 266, 268–270, 273, 275, 277–282, 286

I

I-think-element 8, 51, 106, 136–137, 218, 22,5 229–232, 234, 239, 261, 264, 272, 295–299, 304

iconicity 82, 85–86

image schema 44–48

container 3–4, 6, 23, 25, 41, 44–48, 136, 153, 156, 247–248

orientational (spatial) 23, 46, 90, 171, 175, 257

part/whole 3–4, 6, 19–23, 41, 44–48, 56, 72–73, 104, 136, 139–140, 144, 221, 244–247, 251, 264, 273

path 4–5, 14, 18–20, 44–48, 71, 82, 104, 136, 153, 155–156, 244, 251–252, 256

infinitive construction 2, 6, 91–92, 137, 144–147, 156, 197–201, 203–215, 226–229, 234, 239, 264, 287, 290, 296, 303–304

for+noun+infinitive constr. 90–91, 147, 203–208, 212–215

object+infinitive constr. 91, 137, 156, 197, 207–211, 213, 292–294, 303

inflection see morphology

information

background 105, 132, 167

structure 95, 110

prominence 95–96

instrument 22, 24, 71, 90, 93, 151, 167–170, 204

interface 135–138

adjectival adverb interf. 36, 181–182, 185, 234

clause-final adverb interf. 7, 8, 180, 234

copula/modifier interf. 7, 8, 102, 140–149, 181–184, 199, 208, 214–215, 223, 228, 234, 238, 255, 266–270, 274, 276, 280–282, 285, 298, 303–304

degree adverb interf. 88, 191–192, 234

extended copula/mod interf. 144–148, 208, 228

non-finite interf. 90, 136–137, 198–203, 205–206, 212–213, 216–218, 226–227, 234, 264, 291

participant/attributed referent (PAR) interf. 136–137, 207–214, 221, 223, 234, 293–294, 304

participant/circumstance interf. 137, 141, 150–170, 172–173, 178, 234, 303–304

participant/patient modifier interf. 137, 149, 234

prepositional phrase (PPP) interf. 172–174, 176, 213–215, 234

prepositional phrase/attributed referent (PPP/AR) interf. 213–125, 234

skeleton copula/modifier interf. 142, 147

VMC/modality perspectivizer interf. 227, 234

VMC/viewpoint perspectivizer interf. 231, 233–234, 296–297

intonation; 41–44, 68, 100, 102–106, 109–113, 115–117, 125–129, 155, 172, 176, 180, 237–238, 279, 285; ; see also nucleus

intonation contour 42–44, 237, 285

it see skeleton copula/modifier interface

as placeholder for speaker stance 142, 147–148, 215, 217

identifying 107, 173

item-based 7, 225, 237–238, 248, 252, 254, 261–262, 270, 281, 283, 285, 293, 304

J

junction and nexus (Jespersen) 2–3

K

kind of (adverb) 186, 193–195

L

language acquisition 7–8, 17, 46, 230, 237–299, 304

idealized model 258–259, 265–267, 268–270, 274–275, 279–280

partial achievement 7, 238, 271–273, 275, 277–278, 282–283, 289, 293–294, 304, 307

pre-linguistic 46, 48, 238, 245, 251, 253, 272

two-word period 241–242, 279, 288

and attribution 237–239, 241–254, 256–259, 261, 265–295

and perspectivizing 199–203, 271–289

and verb mediating (VMCs) 199–203, 255–270

language faculty (LAD) 237, 246

let 293–294

location 41, 48, 71, 99, 102, 110, 142–143, 150–162, 171–172, 175, 181, 183, 234, 244, 248, 250–251, 273, 287; see circumstance

M

make 295

material 25, 41, 168; see circumstance

mediopassive construction 18, 45, 72

method (means) 167–170; see cir–cumstance

modal auxiliary 60, 64–66, 205, 272, 278, 286; see deontic, epistemic, volitional, semi-modal

modality 4–8, 13, 28, 34, 45, 56–58, 64–65, 74, 76, 107, 132, 135, 137, 140–141, 200–201, 203, 226–228, 234, 239, 253, 270, 272, 277, 285–293, 295, 305

modifying; see attribution, 3, 7, 13, 17, 20–22, 24–26, 44–46, 49, 52, 55–56, 67, 73–74, 90, 96, 98, 112, 127, 135–137, 139–150, 174, 181–184, 186, 189, 192–194, 203, 239, 247, 304, 307

mono-propositional 6, 8, 230, 295, 298

morphology, inflectional 5–6, 21, 24, 28, 50, 60, 81, 89–93, 140, 219, 266, 273, 289, 293, 305–306

mood see modality

N

negation

not-negation 8, 29–30, 35–37, 55, 59–64, 76–78, 101, 117, 125–128, 187–188, 230, 273, 276

clause 30, 273

focus 125–126

local 36, 57, 61, 126

morphological 99, 127–128

new; see given/new

nexus see junction

non-assertiveness; see assertiveness

non-finite construction 2, 8, 50, 90–91, 136–137, 145, 197–223, 226–227, 234, 239, 264, 272, 290–291, 295, 305; ; see also infinitive, gerund, participle

nominal concept/element 6–7, 19–20, 24, 27, 54, 73, 81–82, 104, 130, 140–142, 148–149, 151–154, 156, 160, 163, 166, 171–172, 175, 183, 189, 199–200, 226, 237, 242, 256–257, 262–264, 266–268, 270, 278, 283, 298; see clause (nominal)

nominal head 20–21, 24, 85, 115, 140, 144, 183–184, 202–203; see phrase for modifier/head

noun see nominal concept, phrase for noun phrase

nucleus 42–43, 95, 100, 102–103, 106–108, 111–112, 115–117, 122, 125, 127, 155, 172, 176, 180

O

object complement 137, 149, 155, 223, 234

one-word turns 273–274, 282

one word items/Examples 269, 274, 284 ; ; see also holophrase

onomasiological/semasiological 81

onset stagen 241–245, 249, 254, 257–258, 263, 268–269, 284, 288–289, 295

P

paraphrase 20, 25, 29, 64, 73, 84, 175, 205, 214

participle 6, 26, 39, 92–93, 136–137, 147, 187, 197–207, 211–212, 216–222, 234, 254, 293–296; see, infinitive, gerund

ablativus absolutus 219

absolute/unrelated 219, 221–222

dangling 217–218

past participle 137, 200–203, 216, 223, 253, 277

speaker-related 216–219

with(+noun)+participle construction 90, 204–206, 219–222

passive 15, 97, 146–149, 154, 167–168, 170–171, 201, 210

past tense 31–32, 57, 75, 87, 89, 129, 160, 226, 282; see TAM

patient 3, 6, 13–16, 19, 22, 25, 30–31, 35–36, 45, 51, 54, 56, 72, 81–84, 91, 93, 97, 102, 106–108, 114, 137, 146–147, 149, 151, 154, 161, 167, 171–173, 175–176, 178, 180, 183, 201, 210–212, 228, 234, 252, 257–262, 264–266, 270, 299; see VMC

perception 149, 181, 183–184, 211, 295; see verbal concept

perspectivizer see perspectivizing

complex 28, 62–66, 193

feature-sensitive 76

modality 8, 137, 225, 227, 234, 253, 270, 286–289, 291, 295

viewpoint, 8, 51, 136, 218, 225, 229–233, 234, 296–299, 304

perspectivizing 5–8, 13, 26–40, 43–45; see adverb, negation, sentence mode, TAM

phrasal verb 170–176, 183, 241, 251, 257

phrasal-prepositional verb 176

phrase

modifier-head 1–2, 6, 19, 21, 24, 45, 56, 85, 139–140, 151, 164, 175, 182, 189, 199, 238, 244, 247;

noun 22–23, 37, 45, 52, 73, 77, 112, 127, 144, 204, 221, 259, 306

prepositional 2, 20, 22–23, 27, 41, 50, 56, 145, 151, 154, 160, 164, 167–169, 171–178, 205, 213–214, 219–220, 234, 259–260

with-phrase 219–220

pilot corpus 9, 238, 241, 243, 245–247, 249, 251, 254–255, 257, 262–265, 268, 270, 273–275, 279, 281–289, 293–299

pivot structure 237–239, 246–248, 251–253, 263

place 24, 26, 93, 141, 151, 153–156, 158–161, 163, 170–171, 251; see circumstance

playful repetition/use 238, 250

pointing gesture 245, 251, 266

polarity 34, 75–77, 79, 118, 190, 194, 279;

position see word order

contact 37, 111, 114, 117

clause-final/end 31, 104–105, 177–180, 234, 303

clause-initial/front 32, 34, 36, 39, 79, 86, 103, 105, 113, 123–124, 128, 177, 179–180, 303

clause-internal/mid 114–115, 117–118, 164, 179–180, 273, 303

postposed 24, 108, 111, 141, 202

scope-initial 36, 38, 86–87, 121, 177, 179, 181, 191–192, 275–277, 303, 307

verb-second position 306

pre-concept 247–252, 270

predicator see VMC

preposition; see phrase

for 90, 203–206, 212–215

of 90

locative 133, 190, 250

with 90, 168, 204, 206, 219–220

prepositional verb 170–174

presentation 17, 38, 58, 148, 299; see adverb of presentation

present perfect tense 87, 163, 166; see TAM

present tense 57, 89, 160, 231, 233, 295; see TAM

pre-structuralist grammar 2, 5

pronoun

interrogative 32, 84, 86, 89, 130:

personal 27, 89, 91, 93, 208, 221, 274, 290, 304

personal first person 28, 230–231, 256–257, 260, 263, 265, 270, 292

personal object form 89, 204, 208, 221, 291

relative 26, 54–55, 69, 83, 89, 92–93, 107, 109

purpose 41, 91, 204, 214; see circumstance

put-construction 257–262

Q

quantity 20–21, 190, 273, 284; see adverb measure-based

question see sentence mode interrogative

alternative 129–130

wh-question 43, 91, 117, 129–131, 232–234, 238–239, 272, 279–284

what-question 279–280, 282–283

where-question 282–285

with long-distance dependency 232, 298

yes/no-question 8, 43, 91, 117, 129, 232–234, 284–285, 298

R

recipient 5, 15, 22, 30, 35–36, 45, 54, 83, 89, 93, 97, 102, 105, 108, 115, 118, 167, 171, 173–174, 209–212, 299; see VMC

relative clause see clause, pronoun

relevance theory 95

result 18, 117, 149, 165; see circumstance

role attribution 4, 53–54, 56, 69, 92, 107–108, 110, 299; see clause

S

scene-setting 68, 104–105, 109–110

scope 5–6, 28–40

backward 64–66, 120–123

blocked 74–79

competition 60–62, 77

dominance 117, 121, 126, 129

dominance 121, 123, 127

forward 92, 120–123, 127

grammaticalized 5–6, 13, 29–31, 45, 60, 64, 82, 86, 230, 273–274, 280, 282, 285–286

in propositional logic 29

semantic 29, 34, 60, 64

scope extension 32, 36, 86–89, 117–119, 127

actual scope 31–32, 34–35, 58, 76, 87–88, 127

maximal scope 31–32, 36, 87–88

minimal scope 31–32, 35–37, 61–63, 65, 76, 78, 87–88, 114, 117, 127, 187

small scope 116, 119, 126–127, 189

scope hierarchy 50, 55–66, 76, 79

scope signal 13, 30, 34–35, 38, 64, 66, 68–69, 82, 86–88, 111, 115, 117, 126, 128, 130, 274–275, 278, 285–287; ; see also scope extension

semantic attraction 4, 20, 23–24, 26, 41, 45, 52–55, 73, 85, 91, 104, 132, 139–140, 142, 144, 147–148, 150–153, 155, 168, 171–172, 175, 182, 189, 192, 203, 208, 217–218, 259, 266, 283, 303; see attribution

semantic relations approach 248

semi-modal 8, 9, 60, 90, 93, 137, 225, 227–229, 287–289, 291, 193–295

semi-theme 16 18, 45, 72

sentence; 67–70; see cleft sentence

complex 7, 25–27, 49–50, 53–56, 76, 91, 119, 147, 205, 231, 239, 295, 298, 301, 304

sentence mode 26–27

declarative 26–27, 32, 43, 45, 55, 57–58, 67–70, 76, 79, 82, 87, 117, 129, 287, 306

imperative 26–27, 32–33, 43, 45, 55, 57, 68–70, 76, 79, 87, 117, 129, 242, 253, 256, 294

interrogative 26–27, 29, 32–33, 43, 45, 55, 68–70, 76, 79, 82, 84, 86–88, 89, 91–93, 117, 129–131, 231–233, 261, 271, 279–285, 286–287, 292–293, 304; see question

sentence /free relative clause 55

serialization 81–84, 86, 89, 93, 98, 100, 246, 303, 306–307; see word order

sort of (adverb) 186, 193–195

source 3–4, 46, 153–157, 161, 170, 251–252, 256; see circumstance

spoken language 41–44, 95, 100; see word stress, intonation

stative 63; see verbal concept

structuralism 3, 5, 8, 197, 207, 209, 238

subject see VMC

inversion 84, 86, 112, 271, 285–286, 306

notional 197–198, 201, 203–208, 219, 221–222, 234, 265, 290, 293, 303–304; see attributed referent

pronominal 258, 261, 265, 293

rich subject 141, 144–146, 148, 214, 227, 231, 233, 297, 304

subject complement 135, 183, 199, 223, 234, 275, 303

systemic-functional grammar 4, 14, 16–17, 19, 22, 33–34, 49, 140

T

TAM 6, 27–28, 30–34, 45, 49, 55–61, 64, 66–67, 77, 82, 84, 86–88, 90, 92–93, 116–117, 128–129, 135–137, 140–141, 147, 160, 198–203, 205–206, 209, 226–228, 230, 234, 238–239, 246, 253, 271–272, 277, 281, 283–284, 286, 290, 301, 303, 305; see tense, aspect, modality; see agreement

tense 4–7, 13, 28, 31, 34, 45, 56, 57–58, 67, 74, 90, 114, 117, 132, 140, 160, 163, 199–202, 205, 221, 226, 228, 230, 233, 239, 271–272, 275, 277–278, 281, 283, 286, 288–289, 291, 295–296, 304–305; see TAM, past tense, present tense, present perfect

tenseless 4, 201–203, 205, 226, 234, 291

theme participant role: 7, 16–22, 45, 53, 56, 71–72, 82, 93, 97, 100, 103–105, 154, 159, 282; see VMC

Prague school: 97, 100, 103; see topic

there-construction 17, 142–143, 147, 218

time 3, 22, 25, 30, 33–34, 38, 71, 74, 91, 93, 99, 112, 150–152, 159–166, 170–172, 187, 216, 234, 272–273; see circumstance, adverb

topic (and comment) 8, 31, 33, 95– 101, 131– 132; see figure/ground, given/new, focus

traditional grammar 14, 33, 49, 55, 71, 96, 198, 301, 303, 303

transfer claims 305–307

try 293–294

two-word(-plus) item 37, 41, 85, 244–245, 249, 255–256, 263

verb-containing 238, 241–244, 247, 250–255, 276, 281

typological studies 305; see transfer claims, word order

V

valency grammar 1, 71, 150, 154, 170, 303

verb see verbal concept, morphology

verbal concept see bleached, dynamic and stative, caused and directed motion, perception

verb island 7, 238–239, 297

verb-mediated construction see VMC

VMC 5, 14– 20; see agent, patient, recipient, experiencer, theme, also let, make, put, try, want

agent-driven 2, 4, 7, 14–15, 20, 25, 30, 52, 67, 83, 96, 101–107, 110, 144, 154, 156, 159, 167, 173, 256–258, 262, 276, 278, 282, 285

agent-pred-patient(-recipient) constr. 3, 14–16, 19, 45, 56, 81, 93, 102, 107, 175, 262

cause-receive constr. 173–174

copula constr. 16–17, 19–20, 45, 71, 83, 98, 102, 111, 140–148, 182, 214, 217–218, 227, 234, 238, 267–268, 270, 280, 299, 303

experiencer-pred-experienced constr. 16, 45, 93

possessor-possessed constr. 16–17, 246, 248

semi-theme-pred constr. 16, 18, 45

theme-pred constr. 16, 18–20, 45, 71, 82, 97, 103–105, 159, 282

and intonation 42–43

and given/new 132

and language acquisition 199–203, 255–270

VMC integration 150–154, 156, 160–161, 163, 167, 170

viewing arrangement 4–6, 136

volitional 28, 57, 59, 63, 65, 118, 200–203, 227

W

want-construction 263–266, 270, 290–293

weighting 95, 100–101

word order 5, 8, 21, 32, 81–89, 93, 98, 246, 302–303, 305–307; ; see also position, adjacency, scope extension, serialization

word stress 100–101