In:Corpus Methods for Semantics: Quantitative studies in polysemy and synonymy
Edited by Dylan Glynn and Justyna A. Robinson
[Human Cognitive Processing 43] 2014
► pp. 7–38
Polysemy and synonymy
Corpus method and cognitive theory
Published online: 6 November 2014
https://doi.org/10.1075/hcp.43.01gly
https://doi.org/10.1075/hcp.43.01gly
This chapter introduces the field of polysemy and synonymy studies from a Cognitive Linguistic perspective. Firstly, the discussion explains and defines the object of research, showing that the study of semantic relations, traditionally restricted to the description of lexical semantics, needs to be extended to include all formal structures, including morpho-syntax. Secondly, given the theoretical assumptions of Cognitive Linguistics, it is argued that quantitative corpus-driven methods are essential for the description of semantic structures. Lastly, the chapter charts the development of Cognitive Semantic research in polysemy and synonymy and demonstrates how the current corpus-driven research in the field is inherently linked to the traditions of radial network analysis and prototype semantics. It is argued that instead of an empirical revolution (as has been suggested in recent commentaries), the current trends in the use of observational data are a natural extension of the Cognitive Semantic research tradition.
References (221)
Apresjan, J.D. (1974).
Лексическая Семантика. Синонимические средства языка [Lexical Semantics: Synonymous foundations of language]. Moscow: Nauka.
Arppe, A., Gilquin, G., Glynn, D., Hilpert, M., & Zeschel, A. (2010). Cognitive corpus linguistics: Five points of debate on current theory and methodology.
Corpora
, 5, 1–27.
Atkins, B. (1994). Analyzing the verbs of seeing: A frame semantics approach to corpus lexicography.
Proceedings of the Twentieth Annual Meeting of the Berkeley Linguistics Society
, 42–56.
Barthélemy, J.-P. (1991). Similitude, arbres, et typicalité. In D. Dubois (Ed.),
Sémantique et cognition: catégories, prototypes, typicalité
(pp. 205–224). Paris: Centre national de la recherche scientifique.
Bellavia, E. (1996). The German über
. In M. Pütz, & R. Dirven (Eds.),
The construal of space in language and thought
(pp. 73–107). Berlin & New York: Mouton de Gruyter.
Boers, F. (1996).
Spatial prepositions and metaphor: A Cognitive Semantic journey along the up-down and front-back dimensions
. Tübignen: Gunter Narr.
Bondarko, A.V. (1983).
Принципы функциональной грамматики и вопросы аспектологии [Principles of functional grammar and questions of aspectology]. Lenningrad: Nauka.
. (1991).
Functional grammar: A field approach
. Amsterdam & Philadelphia: John Benjamins.
Brugman, C. (1983a).
The story of over: Polysemy, semantics, and the structure of the lexicon
. Trier: LAUT.
. (1983b). How to be in the know about on the go
. Proceedings of the Chicago Linguistics Society, 19, 64–76.
. (1984). The very idea: A case study in polysemy and cross-lexical generalizations. Proceedings of the Chicago Linguistics Society, 20, 21–38.
Bybee, J. (2007).
Frequency of use and the organization of language
. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Casad, E. (Ed.). (1996).
Cognitive Linguistics in the redwoods. The expansion of a new paradigm
. Berlin & New York: Mouton de Gruyter.
Chaffin, R. (1992). The concept of a semantic relation. In A. Lehrer, & E. Kittay (Eds.),
Frames, fields, and contrasts: New essays in semantic and lexical organisation
(pp. 253–288).
London: Lawrence Erlbaum.
Cienki, A. (1998). Straight: An image schema and its metaphorical extensions.
Cognitive Linguistics
,
9
, 107–150.
Croft, W. (1998). Linguistic evidence and mental representations.
Cognitive Linguistics
, 9, 151–173.
. (2009). Toward a social Cognitive Linguistics. In V. Evans, & S. Pourcel (Eds.),
New directions in Cognitive Linguistics
(pp. 395–420). Amsterdam & Philadelphia: John Benjamins.
Cruse, A. (2000). Aspects of the micro-structure of word meanings. In Y. Ravin, & C. Leacock (Eds.),
Polysemy: Theoretical and computation approaches
(pp. 30–51). Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Culioli, A. (1990).
Pour une linguistique de l’énonciation: Opérations et représentations
. Paris: Ophrys.
Cuyckens, H. (1991).
The semantics of spatial prepositions in Dutch
. Unpublished PhD dissertation, University of Antwerp.
. (1993). The Dutch spatial preposition “in”: A cognitive-semantic analysis. In C. Zelinsky-Wibbelt (Ed.),
The semantics of prepositions: From mental processing to natural language processing
(pp. 27–72). Berlin & New York: Mouton de Gruyter.
. (1994). Family resemblance in the Dutch spatial preposition op
. In M. Schwarz (Ed.),
Kognitive Semantik: Ergebnisse, Probleme, Perspektiven
(pp. 179–196). Tübingen: Gunter Narr.
. (1995). Family resemblance in the Dutch spatial prepositions Door and Langs
.
Cognitive Linguistics
, 6, 183–207.
Cuyckens, H., Sandra, D., & Rice, S. (1997). Towards an empirical lexical semantics. In
B. Smieja, & M. Tasch (Eds.),
Human contact through language and linguistics
(pp. 35–54). Frankfurt/Main: Peter Lang.
Cuyckens, H., & Zawada, B. (Eds.). (2001).
Polysemy in Cognitive Linguistics
. Amsterdam & Philadelphia: John Benjamins.
Cuyckens, H., Dirven, R., & Taylor, J. (Eds.). (2003).
Cognitive approaches to lexical semantics
. Berlin & New York: Mouton de Gruyter.
Dąbrowska, E. (1994). Radial categories in grammar: The Polish instrumental case.
Linguistica Silesiana
, 15, 83–94.
. (1996). Temporal structuring of events: A study of Polish perfectivizing prefixes. In R. Dirven, & M. Pütz (Eds.),
The construal of space in language and thought
(pp. 467–490). Berlin & New York: Mouton de Gruyter.
de Stadler, L., & Eyrich, C. (Eds.). (1993).
Issues in Cognitive Linguistics
. Berlin & New York: Mouton de Gruyter.
. (1993a).
Multimodal spatial representation: On the semantic unity of ‘over’ and other polysemous prepositions
. Duisburg: LAUD.
. (1993b).
At, by, to, and past: A study in multimodal image theory. Proceedings of the Berkeley Linguistics Society, 19, 112–124.
. (2006). Multimodal spatial representation: On the semantic unity of over
. In
B. Hampe (Ed.),
From perception to meaning: Image schemas in Cognitive Linguistics
(pp. 235–284). Berlin & New York: Mouton de Gruyter.
Delbeque, N. (1996). Towards a cognitive account of the use of the prepositions por and para in Spanish. In E. Casad (Ed.),
Cognitive Linguistics in the Redwoods: The expansion of a new paradigm in linguistics
(pp. 249–318). Berlin & New York: Mouton de Gruyter.
Dewell, R. (1994).
Over again: On the role of image–schemas in semantic analysis.
Cognitive Linguistics
, 5, 351–380.
. (1996). The separability of German über: A cognitive approach. In M. Pütz, & R. Dirven (Eds.),
The construal of space in language and thought
(pp. 109–133). Berlin & New York: Mouton de Gruyter.
Dirven, R. (1994). Cognition and semantic structure: The experiential basis of the semantic structure of verbs of body contact. In M. Schwarz (Ed.),
Kognitive Semantik: Ergebnisse, Probleme, Perspektiven
(pp. 131–145). Tübingen: Gunter Narr.
Dirven, R., & Taylor, J. (1988). The conceptualisation of vertical space in English: The case of tall
. In B. Rudzka-Ostyn (Ed.),
Topics in Cognitive Linguistics
(pp. 379–402). Amsterdam & Philadelphia: John Benjamins.
Dirven, R., Goossens, L., Putseys, Y., & Vorlat, E. (1982).
The scene of linguistic action and its perspectivization by speak, talk, say, and tell
. Amsterdam & Philadelphia: John Benjamins.
Dirven, R., & Vanparys, J. (Eds.). (1995).
Current approaches to the lexicon
. Frankfurt/Main: Peter Lang.
Divjak, D. (2006). Ways of intending: A corpus-based Cognitive Linguistic approach to near-synonyms in Russian. In St. Th. Gries, & A. Stefanowitsch (Eds.),
Corpora in Cognitive Linguistics: Corpus-based approaches to syntax and lexis
(pp. 19–56). Berlin & New York: Mouton de Gruyter.
. (2010a).
Structuring the lexicon: A clustered model for near-synonymy
. Berlin & New York: Mouton de Gruyter.
. (2010b). Corpus-based evidence for an idiosyncratic aspect-modality relation in Russian. In D. Glynn, & K. Fischer (Eds.),
Quantitative Cognitive Semantics: Corpus-driven approaches
(pp. 305–331). Berlin & New York: Mouton de Gruyter.
Divjak, D., & Gries, St. Th. (2006). Ways of trying in Russian: Clustering behavioral profiles.
Corpus Linguistics and Linguistic Theory
, 2, 23–60.
Dubois, D. (Ed.). (1991).
Sémantique et cognition: Catégories, prototypes, typicalité
. Paris: Centre national de la recherche scientifique.
. (2001). Toward a cognitive analysis of polysemy, ambiguity, and vagueness.
Cognitive Linguistics
, 12, 1–14.
Evans, V. (2005). The meaning of time: Polysemy, the lexicon and conceptual structure.
Journal of Linguistics
, 41, 33–75.
. (2006). Lexical concepts, cognitive models and meaning-construction.
Cognitive Linguistics
, 17, 491–534.
Fauconnier, G., & Turner, M. (1998). Conceptual integration networks.
Cognitive Science
, 22, 133–187.
Fillmore, C. (1975). An alternative to checklist theories of meaning. Proceedings of the Berkeley Linguistics Society, 1, 123–131.
. (1977). Topics in lexical semantics. In P. Cole (Ed.),
Current issues in linguistic theory
(pp. 76–138). Bloomington: Indiana University Press.
. (2000). Describing polysemy: The case of ‘crawl’. In Y. Ravin, & C. Leacock (Eds.),
Polysemy: Theoretical and computation approaches
(pp. 91–110). Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Fillmore, C., Kay, P., & O’Connor, M. (1988). Regularity and idiomaticity in grammatical constructions: The case of let alone
.
Language
, 64, 501–538.
Fillmore, C., & Atkins, B. (1992). Toward a frame-based lexicon: The semantics of risk and its neighbours. In A. Lehrer, & E. Kittay (Eds.),
Frames, fields, and contrasts: New essays in semantic and lexical organisation
(pp. 75–102). London: Lawrence Erlbaum.
Fischer, K. (2010). Quantitative methods in cognitive semantics. In D. Glynn, & K. Fischer (Eds.),
Quantitative Cognitive Semantics: Corpus-driven approaches
(pp. 43–61). Berlin & New York: Mouton de Gruyter.
. (1988). Where does prototypicality come from? In B. Rudzka-Ostyn (Ed.),
Topics in Cognitive Linguistics
. Amsterdam & Philadelphia: John Benjamins.
. (1990). The lexicographical treatment of prototypical polysemy. In S. Tsohatzidis (Ed.),
Meanings and prototypes: Studies in linguistic categorization
(pp. 195–210). London: Routledge.
. (1993b). Generalised onomasiological salience. In J. Nuyts, & E. Pederson (Eds.),
Perspectives on language and conceptualization
(Special edition of the Belgian Journal of Linguistics, 8
)(pp. 43–56). Brussels: Editions de l’Université de Bruxelles.
. (1997).
Diachronic prototype semantics: A contribution to historical lexicology
.
Oxford: Clarendon Press.
. (1998). The semantic structure of the indirect object in Dutch. In W. Van
Langendonck, & W. Van Belle (Eds.),
The dative. Vol. 2. Theoretical and contrastive studies
(pp. 185–210). Amsterdam & Philadelphia: John Benjamins.
. (1999a). Beer and semantics. In L. De Stadler, & C. Eyrich (Eds.),
Issues in Cognitive Linguistics
(pp. 35–55). Berlin & New York: Mouton de Gruyter.
. (1999b). Idealist and empiricist tendencies in Cognitive Semantics. In
T. Janssen, & G. Redeker (Eds.),
Cognitive Linguistics: Foundations, scope, and methodology
(pp. 163–194). Berlin & New York: Mouton de Gruyter.
. (2005). Lectal data and empirical variation in Cognitive Linguistics. In F. José Ruiz de Mendoza Ibáñez, & S. Peña Cervel (Eds.),
Cognitive Linguistics: Internal dynamics and interdisciplinary interactions
(pp. 163–189). Berlin & New York: Mouton de Gruyter.
. (2006a).
Words and other wonders: Papers on lexical and semantic topics
. Berlin & New York: Mouton de Gruyter.
. (2006b). Methodology in Cognitive Linguistics. In G. Kristiansen, M. Achard, R. Dirven, & F.J. Ruiz de Mendoza Ibañez (Eds.),
Cognitive Linguistics: Current applications and future perspectives
(pp. 21–50). Berlin & New York: Mouton de Gruyter.
. (2010b). Recontextualizing grammar: Underlying trends in thirty years of Cognitive Linguistics. In E. Tabakowska, M. Choinski, & L. Wiraszka (Eds.),
Cognitive Linguistics in action: From theory to application and back
(pp. 71–102). Berlin & New York: Mouton de Gruyter.
Geeraerts, D., Grondelaers, St., & Bakema, P. (1994).
The structure of lexical variation: Meaning, naming, and context
. Berlin & New York: Mouton de Gruyter.
Geeraerts, D., Grondelaers, St., & Speelman, D. (1999).
Convergentie en divergentie in de Nederlandse woordenschat
. Amsterdam: Meertens Instituut.
Geeraerts, D. (Ed.) (1989).
Prospects and problems of prototype theory
(Special edition of Linguistics, 27). Berlin & New York: Mouton de Gruyter.
Givón, T. (1982). Evidentiality and epistemic space.
Studies in Language
, 6, 23–39.
. (2005).
Context as other minds: The pragmatics of sociality, cognition and communication
. Amsterdam & Philadelphia: John Benjamins.
Glynn, D. (2009). Polysemy, syntax, and variation: A usage-based method for Cognitive Semantics. In V. Evans, & S. Pourcel (Eds.),
New directions in Cognitive Linguistics
(pp. 77–106). Amsterdam & Philadelphia: John Benjamins.
. (2010a). Synonymy, lexical fields, and grammatical constructions: A study in usage-based Cognitive Semantics. In H.-J. Schmid, & S. Handl (Eds.),
Cognitive foundations of linguistic usage-patterns: Empirical studies
(pp. 89–118). Berlin & New York: Mouton de Gruyter.
. (2010b). Testing the hypothesis: Objectivity and verification in usage-based Cognitive Semantics. In D. Glynn, & K. Fischer (Eds.),
Quantitative Cognitive Semantics: Corpus-driven approaches
(pp. 239–270). Berlin & New York: Mouton de Gruyter.
. (2010c). Corpus-driven Cognitive Semantics: An overview of the field. In D. Glynn, & K. Fischer (Eds.),
Quantitative Cognitive Semantics: Corpus-driven approaches
(pp. 1–42). Berlin & New York: Mouton de Gruyter.
. (2014a). The conceptual profile of the lexeme home: A multifactorial diachronic analysis. In J.E. Díaz-Vera (Ed.), Metaphor and metonymy across time and cultures (pp. 265–293). Berlin & New York: Mouton de Gruyter.
. (2014b). The social nature of anger: Multivariate corpus evidence for context effects upon conceptual structure. In I. Novakova, P. Blumenthal, & D. Siepmann (Eds.), Emotions in discourse (pp. 69–82). Frankfurt/Main: Peter Lang.
. (Forthcoming).
Mapping meaning: Corpus methods for Cognitive Semantics
.
Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Glynn, D., & Fischer, K. (Eds.) (2010).
Quantitative Cognitive Semantics: Corpus-driven approaches
. Berlin & New York: Mouton de Gruyter.
. (1992). The inherent semantics of argument structure: The case of the English ditransitive construction.
Cognitive Linguistics
,
3
, 37–74.
. (1995).
Constructions: A construction grammar approach to argument structure
. London: University of Chicago Press.
. (2002). Surface generalization: An alternative to alternations.
Cognitive Linguistics
, 13, 327–356.
Gries, St. Th. (1999). Particle movement: A cognitive and functional approach.
Cognitive Linguistics
, 10, 105–145.
. (2003). Multifactorial analysis in corpus linguistics: A study of particle placement. London & New York: Continuum Press.
. (2006). Corpus-based methods and Cognitive Semantics: The many senses of to run
. In St. Th. Gries, & A. Stefanowitsch (Eds.),
Corpora in Cognitive Linguistics: Corpus-based approaches to syntax and lexis
(pp. 57–99). Berlin & New York: Mouton de Gruyter.
. (Forthcoming). Polysemy. In E. Dąbrowska, & D. Divjak (Eds.),
Handbook of Cognitive Linguistics
. Berlin & New York: Mouton de Gruyter.
Gries, St. Th., & Stefanowitsch, A. (Eds.). (2006).
Corpora in Cognitive Linguistics: Corpus-based approaches to syntax and lexis
. Berlin & New York: Mouton de Gruyter.
Grondelaers, St., & Geeraerts, D. (2003). Towards a pragmatic model of cognitive onomasiology. In H. Cuyckens, R. Dirven, & J. Taylor (Eds.).
Cognitive approaches to lexical semantics
(pp. 67–92). Berlin & New York: Mouton de Gruyter.
Herskovits, A. (1986).
Language and spatial cognition: An interdisciplinary study of the prepositions in English
. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
. (1988). Spatial expressions and the plasticity of meaning. In B. Rudzka-Ostyn (Ed.),
Topics in Cognitive Linguistics
(pp. 271–297). Amsterdam & Philadelphia: John Benjamins.
Janda, L. (1986).
A semantic analysis of the Russian verbal prefixes za-, pere-, do-, and ot-
.
Munich: Otto Sanger.
. (1990). Radial network of a grammatical category – its genesis and dynamic structure.
Cognitive Linguistics
, 1, 269–288.
. (1993).
A geography of case semantics: The Czech dative and the Russian instrumental
. Berlin & New York: Mouton de Gruyter.
Janda, L., & Solovyev, V. (2009). What constructional profiles reveal about synonymy: A case study of the Russian words for sadness and happiness.
Cognitive Linguistics
, 20, 367–393.
Kay, P. (1984). The kind of/sort of construction.
Proceedings of the Berkeley Linguistics Society
, 10, 128–137.
Kay, P., & Fillmore, C. (1999). Grammatical constructions and linguistic generalizations: The What’s X doing Y? construction.
Language
, 75, 1–33.
Kittay, E., & Lehrer, A. (1981). Semantic fields and the structure of metaphor.
Studies in Language
, 5, 31–63.
Klavan, J. (2012). Converging and diverging evidence: Corpus-linguistic and experimental methods for studying grammatical synonymy. Unpublished PhD dissertation, University of Tartu.
Kleiber, G. (1990).
Sémantique du prototype: Catégorie et sens lexical
. Paris: Presses Universitaires de France.
. (1999).
Problèmes de sémantique: La polysémie en questions
. Villeneuve-d’Ascq: Presses universitaires du Septentrion.
Krawczak, K. (2014a). Shame and its near-synonyms in English: A multivariate corpus-driven approach to social emotions. In I. Novakova, P. Blumenthal, & D. Siepmann (Eds.), Emotions in discourse (pp. 84–94). Frankfurt/Main: Peter Lang.
Krawczak, KLund University Press. (2014b). Epistemic stance predicates in English: A quantitative corpus-driven study of subjectivity. In D. Glynn, & M. Sjölin. (Eds.), Subjectivity and epistemicity: Corpus, discourse, and literary approaches to stance (pp. 355–386). Lund:
Krawczak, K., & Kokorniak, I. (2012). A corpus-driven quantitative approach to the construal of Polish think
.
Poznań Studies in Contemporary Linguistics
, 48, 439–472.
Kreitzer, A. (1997). Multiple levels of schematization: A study in the conceptualization of space.
Cognitive Linguistics
, 8, 291–325.
Lakoff, G. (1975). Hedges: A study in meaning criteria and the logic of fuzzy concepts.
Journal of Philosophical
Logic
, 2, 458–508.
. (1982). Categories: An essay in Cognitive Linguistics. In Linguistic Society of Korea (Ed.),
Linguistics in the morning calm
(pp. 139–194). Seoul: Hanshin.
. (1987).
Women, fire, and dangerous things: What categories reveal about the mind
. London: University of Chicago Press.
. (1987).
Foundations of Cognitive Grammar. Vol. 1. Theoretical prerequisites
.
Stanford: Stanford University Press.
. (1991).
Foundations of Cognitive Grammar. Vol. 2. Descriptive application
.
Stanford: Stanford University Press.
. (1990a). Polysemy, conventionality, and the structure of the lexicon.
Cognitive Linguistics
, 1, 207–246.
. (1990b). Prototype theory and its implication for lexical analyses. In S. Tsohatzidis (Ed.),
Meanings and prototypes: Studies in linguistic categorization
(pp. 368–381). London: Routledge.
Lehrer, K., & Lehrer, A. (1994). Fields, networks, and vectors. In F. Palmer (Ed.),
Grammar and meaning: A festschrift for John Lyons
(pp. 26–47). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Lehrer, A., & Kittay, E. (Eds.). (1992).
Frames, fields, and contrasts: New essays in semantic and lexical organization
. Hillsdale: Lawrence Erlbaum.
Lemmens, M. (1998).
Lexical perspectives on transitivity and ergativity: Causative constructions in English
. Amsterdam & Philadelphia: John Benjamins.
Levshina, N. (2011). A usage-based study of Dutch causative constructions. Unpublished PhD dissertation, University of Leuven.
Lewandowska-Tomaszczyk, B. (1996).
Depth of negation: A cognitive semantic study
. Łódź: Łódź University Press.
Liamkina, O. (2007). Semantic structure of the German spatial particle über
.
Journal of Germanic Linguistics
, 19, 115–160.
Lindner, S. (1983).
A lexico-semantic analysis of English verb-particle constructions with up and out. Trier: LAUT.
Meex, B. (2001). The spatial and non-spatial sense of the German preposition über
. In
H. Cuyckens, & B. Zawada (Eds.),
Polysemy in Cognitive Linguistics
(pp. 1–36). Amsterdam & Philadelphia: John Benjamins.
Mel’čuk, I.A. (1989). Semantic primitives from the viewpoint of meaning-text linguistic theory.
Quaderni di Semantica
, 10, 65–102.
Melis, L. (1990).
La voie pronominale: La systématique des tours pronominaux en français moderne
. Paris: Duclot.
Morgan, P. (1997). Figuring out figure out: Metaphor and the semantics of the English verb particle construction.
Cognitive Linguistics
, 8, 327–358.
Murphy, L. (2003).
Semantic relations and the lexicon: Antonymy, synonymy, and other paradigms
. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Myers, D. (1994). Testing for prototypicality: The Chinese morpheme gong
.
Cognitive Linguistics
, 5, 261–280.
Nerlich, B., Todd, Z., Herman, V., & Clarke, D. (Eds.). (2003).
Polysemy: Flexible patterns of meaning in mind
. Berlin & New York: Mouton de Gruyter.
Newman, J. (1993). The semantics of giving in Mandarin. In B. Rudzka-Ostyn (Ed.),
Topics in Cognitive Linguistics
(pp. 433–486). Amsterdam & Philadelphia: John Benjamins.
Norvig, P., & Lakoff, G. (1987). Taking: A study in lexical network theory.
Proceedings of the Berkeley Linguistics Society
, 13, 195–206.
Paprotté, W., & Dirven, R. (Eds.). (1985).
Ubiquity of metaphor: Metaphor in language and thought
. Amsterdam & Philadelphia: John Benjamins.
Pütz, M., & Dirven, R. (Eds.). (1996).
The construal of space in language and thought
. Berlin & New York: Mouton de Gruyter.
Rakova, M., Pethő, G., & Rákosi, C. (Eds.). (2007).
The cognitive basis of polysemy: New sources of evidence for theories of word meaning
. Frankfurt/Main: Peter Lang.
Ravin, Y., & Leacock, C. (Eds.). (2000).
Polysemy: Theoretical and computational approaches
. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Rice, S. (1993).
Far afield in the lexical fields: The English prepositions
. Tübingen: Gunter Narr.
. (1999). Patterns of acquisition in the emerging mental lexicon: The case of to and for in English.
Brain and Language
, 68, 268–276.
Rice, S., Sandra, D., & Vanrespaille, M. (1999). Prepositional semantics and the fragile link between space and time. In M. Hiraga, C. Sinha, & S. Wilcox (Eds.),
Cultural typology and psycholinguistic issues in Cognitive Linguistics
(pp. 107–127). Amsterdam & Philadelphia: John Benjamins.
Rudzka-Ostyn, B. (1983).
Cognitive Grammar and the structure of Dutch uit and Polish wy
. Linguistic Agency University of Trier: Trier.
. (1985). Metaphoric processes in word formation. In W. Paprotté, & R. Dirven (Eds.),
Ubiquity of metaphor: Metaphor in language and thought
(pp. 209–241). Amsterdam & Philadelphia: John Benjamins.
. (1989). Prototypes, schemas, and cross-category correspondences: The case of ask
. In D. Geeraerts (Ed.),
Prospects and problems of prototype theory
(pp. 613–661). Berlin & New York: Mouton de Gruyter.
. (1992). Case relations in Cognitive Grammar: Some reflexive uses of the Polish dative.
Leuvense Bijdragen
, 81, 327–373.
. (1994). The structure of the genitive category in Polish.
Proceedings of the LAUD International Symposium Language and Space
,
Duisburg
. Republished in Rudzka-Ostyn (2000: Chapter 6).
. (1995). Metaphor, schema, invariance: The case of verbs of answering. In L. Goossens, P. Pauwels, B. Rudzka-Ostyn, A.-M. Simon-Vandenbergen, & J. Vanparys (Eds.),
By word of mouth: Metaphor, metonymy, and linguistic action from a cognitive perspective
(pp. 205–244). Amsterdam & Philadelphia: John Benjamins.
. (1996). The Polish dative. In W. van Belle, & W. van Langendonck (Eds.),
The dative. Vol. 1. Descriptive studies
(pp. 341–394). Amsterdam & Philadelphia: John Benjamins.
. (2000).
Z rozważań nad kategorią przypadka
[Considerations on the category of case]. Kraków: Universitas.
. (Ed.). (1988).
Topics in Cognitive Linguistics
. Berlin & New York: Mouton de Gruyter.
Rudzka-Ostyn, B., & Geiger, R. (Eds.). (1993).
Conceptualizations and mental processing in language
. Berlin & New York: Mouton de Gruyter.
Sanders, J., & Spooren, W. (1996). Subjectivity and certainty in epistemic modality: A study of Dutch epistemic modifiers.
Cognitive Linguistics
, 7, 241–264.
Sandra, D., & Rice, S. (1995). Network analyses of prepositional meaning: Mirroring whose mind – the linguist’s or the language user’s?
Cognitive Linguistics
, 6, 89–130.
Schmid, H.-J. (1993).
Cottage and co., idea, start vs. begin. Die Kategorisierung als Grundprinzip einer differenzierten
Bedeutungsbeschreibung
. Tübingen: Max Niemeyer.
. (2000).
English abstract nouns as conceptual shells: From corpus to cognition
.
Berlin & New York: Mouton de Gruyter.
. (2010). Does frequency in text instantiate entrenchment in the cognitive system? In D. Glynn, & K. Fischer (Eds.),
Quantitative Cognitive Semantics: Corpus-driven approaches
(pp. 101–135). Berlin & New York: Mouton de Gruyter.
Schneider, W., & Shiffrin, R. (1977). Controlled and automated human information processing, I: Detection, search and attention.
Psychological Review
, 84, 1–66.
Schulze, R. (1988). A short story of down
. In W. Hüllen, & R. Schulze (Eds.),
Understanding the lexicon: Meaning, sense, and world knowledge in lexical semantics
(pp. 395–414). Tübingen: Niemeyer.
. (1991). Getting round to (a)round: Towards the description and analysis of a ‘spatial’ predicate. In G. Rauh (Ed.),
Approaches to prepositions
(pp. 253–74). Tübingen: Gunter Narr.
. (1993). The meaning of (a)round: A study of an English preposition. In A. Geiger, & B. Rudzka-Ostyn (Eds.),
Conceptualizations and mental processing in language
(pp. 399–432). Berlin & New York: Mouton de Gruyter.
. (1994). Image schemata and the semantics of off
. In M. Schwarz (Ed.),
Kognitive Semantik: Ergebnisse, Probleme, Perspektiven
(pp. 197–213). Tübingen: Gunter Narr.
Schwarz, M. (Ed.). (1994).
Kognitive Semantik: Ergebnisse, Probleme, Perspektiven
. Tübingen: Gunter Narr.
Shiffrin, R., & Schneider, W. (1977). Controlled and automatic information processing, II: Perception, learning, automatic attending and a general theory.
Psychological Review
, 84, 127–190.
Speelman, D., & Geeraerts, D. (2010). Causes for causatives: The case of Dutch ‘doen’ and ‘laten’. In T. Sanders, & E. Sweetser (Eds.),
Causal categories in discourse and cognition
(pp. 173–204). Berlin & New York: Mouton de Gruyter.
Stefanowitsch, A. (2008). Negative entrenchment: A usage-based approach to negative evidence.
Cognitive Linguistics
, 19, 513–531.
. (2010). Empirical cognitive semantics: Some thoughts. In D. Glynn, &
K. Fischer (Eds.),
Quantitative Cognitive Semantics: Corpus-driven approaches
(pp. 355–380). Berlin & New York: Mouton de Gruyter.
Stepanov, J.S. (1997).
Константы: Словарь русской культуры
[Constants: A dictionary of Russian culture]. Moscow: Shkola Jezyki Russkoj Kul’tury.
Talmy, L. (1985). Lexicalization patterns: Semantic structure in lexical forms. In T. Shopen (Ed.),
Language typology and syntactic description
(pp. 57–149). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Taylor, J. (1988). Contrasting prepositional categories: English and Italian. In B. Rudzka-Ostyn (Ed.),
Topics in Cognitive Linguistics
(pp. 299–326). Amsterdam & Philadelphia: John Benjamins.
Taylor, J., & MacLaury, R. (1995).
Language and the cognitive construal of the world
. Berlin & New York: Mouton de Gruyter.
Taylor, J. (1989a).
Linguistic categorization: Prototypes in linguistic theory
. Oxford: Clarendon Press.
. (1989b). Possessive genitives in English. In D. Geeraerts (Ed.),
Prospects and problems of prototype theory
(Special edition of Linguistics 27) (pp. 663–686). Berlin & New York: Mouton de Gruyter.
Tomasello, M. (2003).
Constructing a language: A usage-based theory of language acquisition
. London & Cambridge (Mss): Harvard University Press.
Tsohatzidis, S. (Ed.). (1990).
Meanings and prototypes: Studies on linguistic categorization
.
London: Routledge.
. (1999). Linguistic evidence for polysemy in the mind: A response to William Croft and Dominiek Sandra.
Cognitive Linguistics
, 10, 343–368.
Tummers, J., Heylen, K., & Geeraerts, D. (2005). Usage-based approaches in Cognitive Linguistics: A technical state of the art.
Corpus Linguistics and Linguistic Theory
, 1, 225–261.
Tyler, A., & Evans, V. (2003). Reconsidering prepositional polysemy networks: The case of over
. In B. Nerlich, Z. Todd, V. Herman, & D. Clark (Eds.),
Polysemy: Flexible patterns of meaning in mind and language
(pp. 95–160). Berlin & New York: Mouton de Gruyter.
. (1990). Representation, prototypes, and centrality. In S. Tsohatzidis (Ed.),
Meanings and prototypes: Studies on linguistic categorization
(pp. 403–437). London: Routledge.
Vorkachev, S.G. (2004).
Счастье как лингвокультурный концепт [Happiness as a cultural-linguistic concept]. Moscow: Gnozis.
Vorlat, E. (1985). Metaphors and their aptness for trade names in perfumes. In W. Paprotté, & R. Dirven (Eds.),
Ubiquity of metaphor: Metaphor in language and thought
(pp. 263–294). Amsterdam & Philadelphia: John Benjamins.
. (1989). Prototypes in semantics and pragmatics: Explicating attitudinal meanings in terms of prototypes. In D. Geeraerts (Ed.),
Prospects and problems of prototype theory
(pp. 731–769). Berlin & New York: Mouton de Gruyter.
. (1990). Prototypes ‘save’: On the uses and abuses of the notion of ‘prototype’ in linguistics and related fields. In S. Tsohatzidis (Ed.),
Meanings and prototypes: Studies on linguistic categorization
(pp. 347–367). London: Routledge.
Wulff, S., Stefanowitsch, A., & Gries, St. Th. (2007). Brutal Brits and persuasive Americans: Variety-specific meaning construction in the into-causative. In G. Radden, K.-M. Köpcke, Th. Berg, & P. Siemund (Eds.),
Aspects of meaning construction
(pp. 265–281). Amsterdam & Philadelphia: John Benjamins.
Wulff, S. (2006).
Go-V vs. go-and-V in English: A case of constructional synonymy? In St. Th. Gries, & A. Stefanowitsch (Eds.),
Corpora in Cognitive Linguistics: Corpus-based approaches to syntax and lexis
(pp. 101–126). Berlin & New York: Mouton de Gruyter.
Cited by (30)
Cited by 30 other publications
Demneri, Ejona
Gabidullina, Alla, Anastasiia Sokolova, Olena Kolesnichenko, Maryna Zharykova & Oleh Shlapakov
Jamet-Coupé, Denis
Song, Yiming & Deliang Wang
Bębeniec, Daria
Guardamagna, Caterina
2024. A corpus-based analysis of ‘vernacular synonyms’. International Journal of Corpus Linguistics 29:4 ► pp. 562 ff.
Hrenek, Éva
Hrenek, Éva
Wang, Haitao, Toshiyuki Kanamaru & Ke Li
2024. The polysemy of the Japanese temperature adjective atsui
. Review of Cognitive Linguistics 22:2 ► pp. 476 ff.
Liu, Meili
Sloane, Mona, Ian René Solano-Kamaiko, Jun Yuan, Aritra Dasgupta & Julia Stoyanovich
Takač, Višnja Pavičić & Gabrijela Buljan
Wu, Shuqiong & Yue Ou
Kekki, Niina & Ilmari Ivaska
2022. The use of synonymous adjectives by learners of Finnish as a second language. International Journal of Learner Corpus Research 8:1 ► pp. 67 ff.
Kokorniak, Iwona
2022. Contrast and analogy in aspectual distinctions of English and Polish. In Analogy and Contrast in Language [Human Cognitive Processing, 73], ► pp. 115 ff.
Krawczak, Karolina, Barbara Lewandowska-Tomaszczyk & Marcin Grygiel
2022. Introduction. In Analogy and Contrast in Language [Human Cognitive Processing, 73], ► pp. 1 ff.
Liesenfeld, Andreas, Meichun Liu & Chu-Ren Huang
Fishman, Alon
Gómez Vicente, Lucía
Ioannou, Georgios
Ioannou, Georgios
MEHL, SETH
Mehl, Seth
Pizarro Pedraza, Andrea
Proos, Mariann
2019. Polysemy of the Estonian perception verb nägema ‘to see’. In Perception Metaphors [Converging Evidence in Language and Communication Research, 19], ► pp. 231 ff.
Kokorniak, Iwona & Alicja Jajko-Siwek
Fitzmaurice, Susan, Justyna A. Robinson, Marc Alexander, Iona C. Hine, Seth Mehl & Fraser Dallachy
2017. Reading into the past. In Exploring Future Paths for Historical Sociolinguistics [Advances in Historical Sociolinguistics, 7], ► pp. 53 ff.
Jansegers, Marlies, Clara Vanderschueren & Renata Enghels
[no author supplied]
This list is based on CrossRef data as of 10 december 2025. Please note that it may not be complete. Sources presented here have been supplied by the respective publishers. Any errors therein should be reported to them.
