How recurrent gestures mean
Conventionalized contexts-of-use and embodied motivation
Published online: 12 January 2018
https://doi.org/10.1075/gest.16.2.05mul
https://doi.org/10.1075/gest.16.2.05mul
Abstract
Drawing upon corpus analyses of recurrent gestures, a pragmatics perspective on gestural meaning and conventionalization will be developed. Gesture pragmatics is considered in terms of usage-based, embodied and interactively emerging meaning. The article brings together cognitive linguistic, cognitive semiotic and interactional perspectives on meaning making.
How the interrelation between different types of context (interactional, semantic/pragmatic/syntactic, distribution across a corpus) with the embodied motivation of kinesic forms in actions and movement experiences of the body might play out in the process of conventionalization is illustrated by discussing three recurrent gestures: the Palm-Up-Open-Hand, the Holding Away, and the Cyclic gesture. By merging conventional and idiosyncratic elements recurrent gestures occupy a place between spontaneously created (singular) gestures and emblems as fully conventionalized gestural expressions on a continuum of increasing conventionalization (cf. Kendon’s continuum: McNeill, David (1992). Hand and mind: What gestures reveal about thought. Chicago: University of Chicago Press., (2000). Introduction. In David McNeill (Ed.), Language and gesture (pp. 1–10). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. ).
Recurrent gestures are an interesting case to study how processes of conventionalization may involve emergent de-compositions of gestural movements into smaller concomitant Gestalts (cf. (2004). Gesture: Visible actions as utterance. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. , Chapters 15 & 16). They are particularly revealing in showing how those de-compositional processes are grounded experientially in contexts-of-use and remain grounded in conventionalized, yet still embodied, experiential frames.
Article outline
- Introducing the concept of recurrent gestures
- Local usage-contexts: Emergent meaning from use
- The Palm-Up-Open-Hand presenting a (rhetorical) question
- Using the Palm-Away-Open-Hand to reject a topic of talk
- Using the Cyclic gesture to ask for the correct word
- Recurring gestural forms and usage-contexts: Prototypical meanings arising from their distribution across a corpus
- Embodied motivation of the gestural form: Emerging meaning from actions and movement experiences
- Local variations of form and meaning: Recurrent gestures as hybrids of idiosyncratic and conventional elements
- Conclusion
- Acknowledgements
- Notes
References
References (73)
Bavelas, Janet Beavin, Nicole Chovil, Douglas A. Lawrie, & Allan Wade (1992). Interactive gestures. Discourse Processes, 15 (4), 469–489.
Bressem, Jana (2007). Recurrent form features in coverbal gestures. [URL]
(2014). Repetitions in gestures. In Cornelia Müller, Alan Cienki, Ellen Fricke, Silva H. Ladewig, David McNeill, & Jana Bressem (Eds.), Body – language – communication. An international handbook on multimodality in human interaction, Vol. 21 (pp. 1641–1649). Berlin & Boston: De Gruyter Mouton.
Bressem, Jana & Cornelia Müller (2014a). A repertoire of German recurrent gestures with pragmatic functions. In Cornelia Müller, Alan Cienki, Ellen Fricke, Silva H. Ladewig, David McNeill, & Jana Bressem (Eds.), Body – language – communication. An international handbook on multimodality in human interaction, Vol. 21 (pp. 1575–1591). Berlin & Boston: De Gruyter Mouton.
(2014b). The family of away gestures. Negation, refusal and negative assessment. In Cornelia Müller, Alan Cienki, Ellen Fricke, Silva H. Ladewig, David McNeill, & Jana Bressem (Eds.), Body – language – communication. An international handbook on multimodality in human interaction, Vol. 21 (pp. 1592–1604). Berlin & Boston: De Gruyter Mouton.
Calbris, Geneviève (2003). From cutting an object to a clear cut analysis. Gesture as the representation of a preconceptual schema linking concrete actions to abstract notions. Gesture, 3 (1), 19–46.
Cienki, Alan (2013). Image schemas and mimetic schemas in cognitive linguistics and gesture studies. Review of Cognitive Linguistics, 11 (2), 417–432.
(2017). Gesture and pragmatics: From paralinguistic to variably linguistic. In Anne Barron, Yueguo Gu, & Gerard Steen (Eds.), The Routledge handbook of pragmatics (pp. 61–68). London: Routledge.
Cooperrider, Kensy & Rafael Núñez (2012). Nose-pointing: Notes on a facial gesture of Papua New Guinea. Gesture, 12 (2), 103–129.
Duncan, Susan D. (2002). Gesture, verb aspect, and the nature of iconic imagery in natural discourse. Gesture, 2 (2), 183–206.
Ekman, Paul (1976). Movements with precise meanings. Journal of Nonverbal Communication, 26 (3), 14–26.
Enfield, Nick J. (2009). The anatomy of meaning. Speech, gesture and composite utterances. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
(2013). A “Composite Utterances” approach to meaning. In Cornelia Müller, Alan Cienki, Ellen Fricke, Silva H. Ladewig, David McNeill, & Sedinha Teßendorf (Eds.), Body – language – communication. An international handbook on multimodality in interaction, Vol. 11 (pp. 689–707). Berlin & Boston: De Gruyter Mouton.
Fillmore, Charles J. (1982). Frame semantics. In The Linguistic Society of Korea (Ed.). Linguistics in the morning calm (pp. 111–137). Seoul: Hanshin Publishing Co.
Gerwing, Jennifer & Janet Bavelas (2013). The social interactive nature of gestures: Theory, assumptions, methods, and findings. In Cornelia Müller, Alan Cienki, Ellen Fricke, Silva H. Ladewig, David McNeill, & Sedinha Teßendorf (Eds.), Body – language – communication. An international handbook on multimodality in interaction, Vol. 11 (pp. 821–836). Berlin & Boston: De Gruyter Mouton.
Goffman, Erving (1980). Rahmen-Analyse. Ein Versuch über die Organisation von Alltagserfahrungen. Frankfurt-Main: Suhrkamp.
Harrison, Simon (2014). The organisation of kinesic ensembles associated with negation. Gesture, 14 (2), 117–141.
(2015). A modality-axis in gesture space? The Vertical Palm and construal of negation as distance. In Gaëlle Ferré & Mark Tutton (Eds.), Proceedings of Gesture and Speech in Interaction 4.
Hostetter, Autumn B. & Martha W. Alibali (2008). Visible embodiment: Gestures as simulated action. Psychonomic Bulletin & Review, 15 (3), 495–514.
Janzen, Terry (2012). Lexicalization and grammaticalization. In Markus Steinbach, Roland Pfau, & Bencie Woll (Eds.), Handbook on sign languages (pp. 816–841). Berlin & New York: Mouton de Gruyter.
Janzen, Terry & Barbara Shaffer (2002). Gesture as the substrate in the process of ASL grammaticization. In Richard Meier, David Quinto – Pozos, & Kearsy Cormier (Eds.), Modality and structure in signed and spoken languages (pp. 199–223). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Kendon, Adam (1980a). A description of a deaf-mute sign language from the Enga Province of Papua New Guinea with some comparative discussion. Part I: The formational properties of Enga signs. Semiotica, 321, 1–32.
(1980b). A description of a deaf-mute sign language from the Enga Province of Papua New Guinea with some comparative discussion. Part II: The semiotic functioning of Enga signs. Semiotica, 321, 81–117.
(1988). How gestures can become like words. In Fernando Poyatos (Ed.), Crosscultural perspectives in nonverbal communication (pp. 131–141). Toronto: C. J. Hogrefe Publishers.
(1990). Gesticulation, quotable gestures and signs. In Michael Moerman & Masaichi Nomura (Eds.), Culture embodied (pp. 53–77). Osaka: National Museum of Ethnography.
(1995). Gestures as illocutionary and discourse structure markers in Southern Italian conversation. Journal of Pragmatics, 231, 247–279.
Ladewig, Silva H. (2010). Beschreiben, suchen und auffordern – Varianten einer rekurrenten Geste. Sprache und Literatur, 41 (1), 89–111.
(2014). Recurrent gestures. In Cornelia Müller, Alan Cienki, Ellen Fricke, Silva H. Ladewig, David McNeill, & Jana Bressem (Eds.), Body – language – communication. An international handbook on multimodality in human interaction, Vol. 21 (pp. 1558–1574). Berlin & Boston: De Gruyter Mouton.
Mandel, Mark (1977). Iconic devices in American Sign Language. In Lynn Friedman (Ed.), On the other hand: New perspectives on American Sign Language (pp. 57–107). New York: Academic Press.
McNeill, David (1992). Hand and mind: What gestures reveal about thought. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
(2000). Introduction. In David McNeill (Ed.), Language and gesture (pp. 1–10). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Mittelberg, Irene (2013). The exbodied mind: Cognitive-semiotic principles as motivating forces in gesture. In: Cornelia Müller, Alan Cienki, Ellen Fricke, Silva H. Ladewig, David McNeill, & Sedinha Teßendorf (Eds.), Body – language – communication. An jyoti international handbook on multimodality in interaction, Vol. 11 (pp. 755–784). Berlin & Boston: De Gruyter Mouton.
Mittelberg, Irene & Linda R. Waugh (2009). Metonymy first, metaphor second: A cognitive-semiotic approach to multimodal figures of speech in co-speech gesture. In Charles Forceville & Eduardo Urios-Aparisi (Eds.), Multimodal metaphor (pp. 329–356). Berlin & New York: Mouton de Gruyter.
(2014). Gestures and metonymy. In Cornelia Müller, Alan Cienki, Ellen Fricke, Silva H. Ladewig, David McNeill, & Jana Bressem (Eds.), Body – language – communication: An international handbook on multimodality in human interaction, Vol. 21 (pp. 1747–1766). Berlin & Boston: Mouton de Gruyter.
Mondada, Lorenza (2013a). Conversation analysis: Talk and bodily resources for the organization of social interaction. In Cornelia Müller, Alan Cienki, Ellen Fricke, Silva H. Ladewig, David McNeill, & Sedinha Teßendorf (Eds.), Body – language – communication. An international handbook on multimodality in interaction, Vol. 11 (pp. 218–227). Berlin & Boston: De Gruyter Mouton.
(2013b). Multimodal interaction. In Cornelia Müller, Alan Cienki, Ellen Fricke, Silva H. Ladewig, David McNeill, & Sedinha Teßendorf (Eds.), Body – language – communication. An international handbook on multimodality in interaction, Vol. 11 (pp. 577–589). Berlin & Boston: De Gruyter Mouton.
Müller, Cornelia (1998a). Redebegleitende Gesten. Kulturgeschichte – Theorie – Sprachvergleich. Berlin: Berlin-Verlag Arno Spitz.
(1998b). Iconicity and gesture. In Serge Santi (Ed.), Oralité et gestualité: Communication multimodale, interaction (pp. 321–328). Montréal & Paris: L’Harmattan.
(2004). The Palm Up Open Hand. A case of a gesture family? In Cornelia Müller & Roland Posner (Eds.), The semantics and pragmatics of everyday gestures (pp. 233–256). Berlin: Weidler.
(2010). Wie Gesten bedeuten. Eine kognitiv-linguistische und sequenzanalytische Perspektive. Sprache und Literatur, 41 (1), 37–68 (Sonderheft: Sprache und Gestik
).
(2013). Gestures as a medium of expression: The linguistic potential of gestures. In Cornelia Müller, Alan Cienki, Ellen Fricke, Silva H. Ladewig, David McNeill, & Sedinha Teßendorf (Eds.), Body – language – communication. An international handbook on multimodality in interaction, Vol. 11 (pp. 202–217). Berlin & Boston: De Gruyter Mouton.
(2014a). Gesture as “deliberate expressive movement”. In Mandana Seyfeddinipur & Marianne Gullberg (Eds.), From gesture in conversation to visible action as utterance, (pp. 127–152). Amsterdam: John Benjamins.
(2014b). Gestural modes of representation as techniques of depiction. In Cornelia Müller, Alan Cienki, Ellen Fricke, Silva H. Ladewig, David McNeill, & Jana Bressem (Eds.), Body – language – communication: An international handbook on multimodality in human interaction, Vol. 21 (pp. 1687–1702). Berlin & Boston: De Gruyter Mouton.
(2014c). Ring-gestures across cultures and times: Dimensions of variation. In Cornelia Müller, Alan Cienki, Ellen Fricke, Silva H. Ladewig, David McNeill, & Jana Bressem (Eds.), Body – language – communication: An international handbook on multimodality in human interaction, Vol. 21 (pp. 1511–1522). Berlin & Boston: De Gruyter Mouton.
(2016). From mimesis to meaning: A systematics of gestural mimesis for concrete and abstract referential gestures. In Jordan Zlatev, Göran Sonesson, & Piotr Konderak (Eds.), Meaning, mind and communication: Explorations in cognitive semiotics (pp. ***–***). Frankfurt-Main: Peter Lang.
Müller, Cornelia & Harald Haferland (1997). Gefesselte Hände. Zur Semiose performativer Gesten. Mitteilungen des Deutschen Germanistenverbandes, 31, 29–53.
Müller, Cornelia & Gerald Speckmann (2002). Gestos con una valoración negativa en la conversación cubana. DeSignis, 31, 91–103.
(2002). Gestures as negative assessments in Cuban conversations. (Transl. [URL])
Neumann, Ragnhild (2004). The conventionalization of the German Ring Gesture in German discourse. In Cornelia Müller & Roland Posner (Eds.), The semantics and pragmatics of everyday gestures (pp. 217–224). Berlin: Weidler.
Parrill, Fey, Benjamin K. Bergen, & Patricia V. Lichtenstein (2013). Grammatical aspect, gesture, and conceptualization: Using co-speech gesture to reveal event representations. Cognitive Linguistics, 24 (1), 135–158.
Payrató, Lluís & Sedinha Teßendorf (2014). Pragmatic gestures. In Cornelia Müller, Alan Cienki, Ellen Fricke, Silva H. Ladewig, David McNeill, & Jana Bressem (Eds.), Body – language – communication: An international handbook on multimodality in human interaction, Vol. 21 (pp. 1531–1539). Berlin & Boston: De Gruyter Mouton.
Sacks, Harvey, Emanuel A. Schegloff, & Gail Jefferson (1974). A simplest systematics for the organization of turn-taking in conversations. Language, 50 (4), 696–735.
Schmitt, Reinhold (2005). Zur multimodalen Struktur von turn-taking
. Gesprächsforschung. Online-Zeitschrift zur verbalen Interaktion, 61, 17–61.
Seyfeddinipur, Mandana (2004). Meta-discoursive gestures from Iran: Some uses of the Pistol Hand. In Cornelia Müller & Roland Posner (Eds.), The semantics and pragmatics of everyday gestures (pp. 205–216). Berlin: Weidler.
Sherzer, Joel (1972). Verbal and nonverbal deixis: The pointed lip gesture among the San Blas Cuna. Language in Society, 21, 117–131.
Sowa, Timo (2006). Understanding coverbal iconic gestures in shape descriptions. Berlin: Akademische Verlagsgesellschaft Aka.
Streeck, Jürgen (1993). Gesture as communication. I: Its coordination with gaze and speech. Communication Monographs, 60 (4), 275–299.
(2005). Pragmatic aspects of gesture. In Jacob Mey (Ed.), International encyclopedia of languages and linguistics (pp. 71–76). Oxford: Elsevier.
(2009). Gesturecraft: The manu-facture of meaning. Amsterdam: John Benjamins.
Streeck, Jügen & Ulrike Hartge (1992). Previews: Gestures at the transition place. The contextualization of language. In Peter Auer & Aldo di Luzio (Eds.), The contextualization of language (pp. 135–158). Amsterdam: John Benjamins.
Sweetser, Eve & Marisa Sizemore (2008). Personal and interpersonal gesture spaces: Functional contrasts in language and gesture. In Andrea Tyler, Yiyoung Kim, Mari Takada (Eds.), Language in the context of use: Cognitive and discourse approaches to language and language learning (pp. 25–52). Berlin: de Gruyter.
Taub, Sarah F. (2001). Language from the body. Iconicity and metaphor in American Sign Language. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Teßendorf, Sedinha (2014). Pragmatic and metaphoric – combining functional with cognitive approaches in the analysis of the “brushing aside gesture”. In Cornelia Müller, Alan Cienki, Ellen Fricke, Silva H. Ladewig, David McNeill, & Jana Bressem (Eds.), Body – language – communication: An international handbook on multimodality in human interaction, Vol. 21 (pp. 1540–1557). Berlin & Boston: De Gruyter Mouton.
Walker, Esther & Kensy Cooperrider (2016). The continuity of metaphor: Evidence from temporal gestures. Cognitive Science, 401, 481–495.
Wilcox, Sherman (2007). Routes from gesture to language. In Elena Pizzuto, Paola Pietrandrea, & Raffaele Simone (Eds.), Verbal and signed languages: Comparing structures, constructs and methodologies (pp. 107–131). Berlin & New York: Mouton de Gruyter.
Cited by (78)
Cited by 78 other publications
Capirci, Olga & Jana M. Iverson
Floyd, Simeon
Kuryu, Daiya
Lametti, Daniel R., Gina L. Vaillancourt, Maura A. Whitman & Jeremy I. Skipper
Louzada, Bruna & Schuyler Laparle
Monaro, Merylin, Alice Bettelli, Giovanni Portello, Leonardo Pierobon, Valeria Orso, Ariel Caputo, Maria Luisa Campanini, Andrea Giachetti & Luciano Gamberini
Pearson, Lara, Thomas Nuttall & Wim Pouw
Scholman, Merel & Schuyler Laparle
Shor, Leon
2025. Eye closures in spoken Hebrew. Pragmatics. Quarterly Publication of the International Pragmatics Association (IPrA) 35:4 ► pp. 604 ff.
Wolfer, Pauline, Franziska Baumeister, Moritz M. Daum, Nevena Dimitrova, Giada Leone, Letitia R. Naigles, Ehsan Solaimani & Stephanie Durrleman
Alibali, Martha W. & Autumn B. Hostetter
Ariño Bizarro, Andrea
Bellifemine, Corrado & Loulou Kosmala
Boutet, Dominique & Alan Cienki
Deng, Xuanhui & Xinxin Wu
Devylder, Simon, Jennifer Hinnell, Joost van de Weier, Linea Brink Andersen, Lucie Laporte‐Devylder & Heron Ken Tomaki Kulukul
Gabarró-López, Sílvia
Gawne, Lauren & Kensy Cooperrider
Giorgi, Alessandra & Erika Petrocchi
Henderson, Mathew, Patrick G. Grosz, Kirsty E. Graham, Catherine Hobaiter & Pritty Patel‐Grosz
Ladewig, Silva H.
Ladewig, Silva H.
Laparle, Schuyler, Gaëlle Ferré & Merel C. J. Scholman
Mouratidou, Alexandra, Jordan Zlatev & Joost van de Weijer
Stamp, Rose, David Cohn, Hagit Hel-Or & Wendy Sandler
Stec, Kashmiri & Lars Bo Larsen
Wu, Suwei, Alan Cienki & Yaoyao Chen
Bellifemine, Corrado
Bellifemine, Corrado
Bellifemine, Corrado & Camille Dupret
Bradley, Chuck & Ronnie Wilbur
Inbar, Anna & Yael Maschler
Kita, Sotaro & Karen Emmorey
Capirci, Olga, Morgana Proietti & Virginia Volterra
Dyrmo, Tomasz
2022. Gestural metaphorical scenarios and coming out narratives. Metaphor and the Social World 12:1 ► pp. 23 ff.
Dyrmo, Tomasz
Dyrmo, Tomasz
Dyrmo, Tomasz
Ienaga, Naoto, Alice Cravotta, Kei Terayama, Bryan W. Scotney, Hideo Saito & M. Grazia Busà
Inbar, Anna
2022. The Raised Index Finger gesture in Hebrew multimodal interaction. Gesture 21:2-3 ► pp. 264 ff.
Mustafa, Sriyanti, Baharullah & Vernita Sari
Nascimento da Silva, Francisco Vinicius, Francisco C. de Mattos Brito Oliveira, Robson de Moraes Alves & Gabriela de Castro Quintinho
Rice, Alexander
Bressem, Jana & Claudia Wegener
Harrison, Simon
Harrison, Simon
Harrison, Simon
Harrison, Simon & Silva H. Ladewig
2021. Recurrent gestures throughout bodies, languages, and cultural practices. Gesture 20:2 ► pp. 153 ff.
HARTMAN, JENNY & CARITA PARADIS
Ladewig, Silva H. & Lena Hotze
Ladewig, Silva H. & Lena Hotze
Hinnell, Jennifer & Fey Parrill
Ripperda, Jordy, Linda Drijvers & Judith Holler
Sowińska, Agnieszka & Monika Boruta-Żywiczyńska
2020. Gestures in patients’ presentation of medically unexplained symptoms (MUS). Gesture 19:1 ► pp. 97 ff.
Cooperrider, Kensy
Gawne, Lauren, Chelsea Krajcik, Helene N. Andreassen, Andrea L. Berez-Kroeker & Barbara F. Kelly
Holler, Judith & Stephen C. Levinson
Philipsen, Johanne S. & Sarah Bro Trasmundi
Streeck, Jürgen
Streeck, Jürgen
Streeck, Jürgen
Cooperrider, Kensy, Natasha Abner & Susan Goldin-Meadow
Kamunen, Antti
2018. Open Hand Prone as a resource in multimodal claims to interruption. Gesture 17:2 ► pp. 291 ff.
McNeill, David
Mesh, Kate & Lynn Hou
Müller, Cornelia
Müller, Cornelia
2024. Gestural mimesis as “as-if” action. In Perspectives on Pantomime [Advances in Interaction Studies, 12], ► pp. 217 ff.
Müller, Cornelia
Mittelberg, Irene
Mittelberg, Irene
Mittelberg, Irene
Mittelberg, Irene
Wehling, Elisabeth
[no author supplied]
This list is based on CrossRef data as of 9 december 2025. Please note that it may not be complete. Sources presented here have been supplied by the respective publishers. Any errors therein should be reported to them.
