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Article published In: Gesture
Vol. 16:1 (2017) ► pp.1–34

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The shrug

Forms and meanings of a compound enactment

 | Université Paris Ouest Nanterre La Défense
Published online: 29 June 2017
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https://doi.org/10.1075/gest.16.1.01deb
Abstract
The shrug is a widely shared gesture ensemble with several different components. These include: lifting the shoulders; rotating the forearms outwards with extended fingers to a “palm up” position; with mouth firmly closed, pulling the lips downwards (the “mouth shrug”), which may or may not be combined with raising the eyebrows and tilting the head to one side. It comprises a rich yet consistent network of forms (a single component or a combination of components can index the whole enactment). These components, together or in various combinations, are shown to express incapacity, powerlessness, indetermination, indifference, obviousness which, we suggest, are unified by a common semantic theme of personal disengagement. Since the shrug expresses pragmatic meanings and its formational and semantic core remains stable across different contexts and speakers, the shrug also qualifies as a recurrent gesture. Based on empirical evidence gathered from a videotaped corpus of dyadic interactions between native speakers of British English, this study proposes a qualitative-yet-systematic method to provide a unified account of shrugging.
Article outline
  • Is the shrug an emblem?
  • Corpus and method for an empirical study of shrugging
  • Formal variations of a compound enactment
  • Multiple meanings unified by a semantic theme
    • Attitudinal shrugs: incapacity and inaction
    • Affective distance: shrugging as indifference and rejection
    • Epistemic “I don’t know” and “you know” shrugs
    • A common semantic theme
  • Emerging forms-functions patterns
  • Conclusion: the shrug as a recurrent gesture
  • Acknowledgements
  • Notes
  • References
References (77)
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Walton, Chris, Charles Antaki & W. M. L. Finlay
2020. Difficulties Facing People with Intellectual Disability in Conversation: Initiation, Co-ordination, and the Problem of Asymmetric Competence. In Atypical Interaction, ► pp. 93 ff. DOI logo
Siyavoshi, Sara
2019. Hands and faces: The expression of modality in ZEI, Iranian Sign Language. Cognitive Linguistics 30:4 ► pp. 655 ff. DOI logo
Cooperrider, Kensy, Natasha Abner & Susan Goldin-Meadow
2018. The Palm-Up Puzzle: Meanings and Origins of a Widespread Form in Gesture and Sign. Frontiers in Communication 3 DOI logo
Debras, Camille
2018. Petits et grands corpus en analyse linguistique des gestes. Corpus :18 DOI logo
Debras, Camille
2020. Teletandems are not the Online Version of Face-to-Face Tandems; Here’s Why. Recherche et pratiques pédagogiques en langues de spécialité - Cahiers de l APLIUT Vol. 39 N°1 DOI logo
Debras, Camille
2021. How to prepare the video component of the Diachronic Corpus of Political Speeches for multimodal analysis. Research in Corpus Linguistics 9:1 ► pp. 132 ff. DOI logo
Debras, Camille
2021. Multimodal profiles of je (ne) sais pas in spoken French. Journal of Pragmatics 182 ► pp. 42 ff. DOI logo
Gawne, Lauren
2018. Contexts of use of a rotated palms gesture among Syuba (Kagate) speakers in Nepal. Gesture 17:1 ► pp. 37 ff. DOI logo
Hinnell, Jennifer
2018. The multimodal marking of aspect: The case of five periphrastic auxiliary constructions in North American English. Cognitive Linguistics 29:4 ► pp. 773 ff. DOI logo
Rekittke, Linn-Marlen
2017. Viewpoint and stance in gesture: How a potential taboo topic may influence gestural viewpoint in recounting films. Journal of Pragmatics 122 ► pp. 50 ff. DOI logo
[no author supplied]
2021. Multimodal Performance and Interaction in Focus Groups [Discourse Approaches to Politics, Society and Culture, 90], DOI logo
[no author supplied]
2024. Beyond Disfluency [Advances in Interaction Studies, 11], DOI logo

This list is based on CrossRef data as of 9 december 2025. Please note that it may not be complete. Sources presented here have been supplied by the respective publishers. Any errors therein should be reported to them.

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