In:The Multimodal Performance of Conversational Humor
Elisa Gironzetti
[Figurative Thought and Language 13] 2022
► pp. 227–235
Index
Published online: 21 April 2022
https://doi.org/10.1075/ftl.13.index
https://doi.org/10.1075/ftl.13.index
A
- Abel, E. L.,63–65, 185
- Abeles, D.,124, 185
- abuse, jocular,151, 199
- action unit, see AU.See also FACS
- Adachi, T.,27, 185
- Adams
- K.,24, 206
- R. B.,125, 185, 200
- Adler, R. M.,126, 185
- alignment
- behavioral.,4–5, 87–88, 91–93, 181, 186; See also synchronization, behavioral
- interactive,91, 191, 196, 212
- Ambady, N.,187, 194, 211
- Amoyal, M.,64, 185
- Andersen, P. A.,78, 185
- Andrist, S.,123, 185
- Andrzejewski, S. A.,67, 185
- Anolli, L.,27, 121, 185–86
- AOI (areas of interest),xiv, 32, 39, 128, 135, 216–17
- Archakis, A.,21, 186
- areas of interest (AOI),xiv, 32, 39, 128, 135, 216–17
- Argyle, M.,73, 124, 186
- Arizpe, J.,118, 186, 205
- Arslan, A. U.,120, 186
- Arzouan,197
- Athanasiadou, A.,26, 191, 211–12
- Atkinson, D.,89, 186
- Attardo, S.,3–4, 6–8, 10–11, 13–16, 19–21, 23, 25–27, 65–66, 76, 93, 146, 148–50, 169, 175–76, 186–89, 196–97, 207–8, 211–14
- AU,61–63, 65–68, 84, 157
- AU4 (Action Unit 4),61–63, 65–68, 84, 157
- AU7 (Action Unit 7),65–67, 157
- AU12 (Action Unit 12),61–63, 65–68
- AU14 (Action Unit 14),65–66
- AU16 (Action Unit 16),62
- AU25 (Action Unit 25),62, 65–66
- AU26 (Action Unit 26),62, 65–66
- AU27 (Action Unit 27),66; See also FACS
- Aubouin, E.,23, 187
- audience effect,57, 195, 202
- Audrieth, A. L.,18, 187
- Au-Yeung, S. K.,125–26, 187
- Aviezer, H.,56, 187
B
- Baltrušaitis, T.,4, 120, 187
- Bänninger-Hueber, E.,65, 187
- Bargh, J. A.,89, 187, 213
- Barisic, I.,120, 187
- Basic Emotion Theory (BET),55–58, 202
- Bauman, R.,18, 187, 210
- Bavelas, J. B.,82, 123–24, 187, 200
- Bayliss, A. P.,125, 132, 188
- Bazzanella, C.,148, 188
- Beard, F. K.,11, 188
- Beattie, G. W.,121, 124, 188
- Behavioral Ecology View (BEV),55–58, 195
- Bell, N.,3, 12, 14, 22, 146–52, 155, 176, 188
- Bergson, H.,23, 188
- Bertrand, R.,20, 188
- BET (Basic Emotion Theory),55–58, 202
- Beukeboom, C. J.,82, 188
- BEV (Behavioral Ecology View),55–58, 195
- Birdwhistell, R. L.,60, 188
- Bitterly, T.,11, 188
- Blais, C.,118–19, 188, 201
- Blurton-Jones, N. G.,59, 189
- Bourgeois, P.,90, 199
- Boxer, D.,11, 189, 194
- Brône, G.,4, 7–10, 33, 120–22, 189, 200–201, 213
- brows,157, 163
- furring,151
- Broz, F.,120–21, 189
- Brown, P.,14, 189
- Brunner, L. J.,73, 189, 193
- Bryant, G. A.,26, 189, 192, 195–96
- Buján-Navarro, M.,20, 27, 189
- Burgers, C.,26, 189
- Burgoon, J. K.,79, 190
- Burns, L.,11, 190
- Buswell, G. T.,116, 190
- Bysouth, D.,25, 201
C
- Caldara,118, 188, 190, 201, 205
- calibration.See eye tracker, calibration
- Campbell, N.,194, 201, 203
- Canal, P.,9, 190
- Canestrari, C.,14, 190
- Cantonese,21, 151–52, 190
- Cappella, J. N.,5, 90, 190
- Carroll, J. M.,56, 190
- Cary, M. S.,121, 190
- Caucci, G. M.,27, 190, 203
- Chabanne, J. C.,13, 186
- Chafe, W.,3, 11, 190
- Chapman
- A. J.,6, 90, 190
- W. A.,90, 190
- Chartrand, T. L.,187, 204, 206
- Cheang, H. S.,21, 190
- Chen, A.,22, 201
- Cheng, S.,120, 190
- Cheyne, J. A.,59, 190
- Chiao, J. Y.,180, 190
- Chiaro, D.,151, 188, 191, 208
- Chovanec, J.,150, 191, 193, 212
- Chovil, N.,56, 73, 191
- Christensen, P.,91, 191
- Cienki, A.,10, 191, 203
- Clark,32, 192
- Clift, R.,25, 191
- Clore, G. L.,56, 191
- Coates, J.,12, 73, 187, 191
- co-construction, of humor,5, 12, 28, 43, 45, 53, 83, 104, 171, 197
- cognitive
- effort,127, 178, 193
- load,47–48, 124, 127, 139, 142, 178
- cognitive interference hypothesis, see cognitive overload-visual interference hypothesis,See also gaze cognitive function
- cognitive linguistics,7–10, 121, 186–87, 189, 191, 196, 199, 203–4, 207, 209
- cognitive overload-visual interference hypothesis,124, 188, 193.; See also gaze cognitive function
- co-laughter,89
- Colston, H.,13, 26–27, 191, 196, 211–12
- common ground,182, 185, 199–200, 209
- Condon, W. S.,88, 191
- conversation,xiii–xiv, 4–5, 10–13, 18–25, 37–40, 42–43, 46–49, 68–70, 87–91, 103–9, 121–25, 128–30, 133–35, 137–43, 159, 163–66, 179–82, 187–93, 206–11, 219–22
- computer-mediated,65, 76, 90, 97, 103, 108, 146
- corpus,25, 66, 84, 155, 164, 198
- dyadic,4, 32, 78, 90, 93, 116, 122, 186, 192, 196, 206
- humorous,79, 96, 112, 137, 170
- multiparty,4, 120, 122, 168, 201
- non-humorous,172, 176
- partners,12, 40, 43, 46–48, 83, 87, 91, 96, 121, 123, 168–69, 171, 175
- roles,xii–xiii, 25, 43–44, 47, 77, 82–84, 104, 121, 133–34, 141, 176
- semi-naturalistic,33, 35
- triadic,121–22, 192
- conversation analysis (CA),7, 11, 152, 201, 209
- Cook, M.,124, 186, 191
- coordination, interpersonal.,191, 204.; See also synchronization
- corneal reflection,115
- Cornejo, C.,52, 88, 191
- Cornew, L.,71, 191
- Cortés-Conde,11, 189
- Coulson, S.,9, 191–92
- coupling, behavioral (interpersonal).,211.; See also synchronization
- Crafa, D.,35, 78, 179–80, 192
- Creswell, J. W.,32, 192
- Crivelli, C.,57, 67, 192
- Crystal, D.,70, 192
- cues,3, 14–15, 19–20, 24–25, 27, 40, 50–51, 70, 72–73, 149–50, 152–55, 165–67, 170–72, 177, 203
- facial,202
- failed humor,166, 174
- humor,19, 23, 25, 27–28, 40, 153, 155, 171
- intentional,153
- irony,25–27, 175, 185–87, 191, 203, 206–7, 210
- metalinguistic,5, 150
- multimodal,22, 155
- nonverbal,27, 175, 182, 203
- paralinguistic,15, 190
- parallel,27
- prosodic,17–21, 26, 72, 186, 201
- sarcasm,21
- verbal,154
- cultural background,35, 48, 57, 73, 77–78, 84, 118–19, 121, 141, 169, 179–80
- Cummins, F.,123, 192
- Cutler, A.,26–27, 192
- Czerwionka, L.,197, 203
D
- Dale, R.,88–89, 91, 123, 164, 192, 204, 207, 209
- Darwin, C.,194, 210
- data collection,31–38, 105, 111, 151, 156, 162, 180–81
- data loss,37–38, 180
- Davies, Christie,7, 12, 192
- Davies, Christine,2, 11–12, 31, 150, 192
- Davitti, E.,5, 52, 192
- Davy, D.,70, 192
- deadpan (delivery, expression),xii, 96–97, 100–102, 110, 156–58
- Décarie, T. G.,59, 214
- default hypothesis (irony processing),126
- de Jongste, H.,145, 192
- Delabarre, E. B.,116, 192
- Deneen, C. C.,151, 204
- Dimberg, U.,89, 192–93
- dimpling.,66.; See also AU14
- discourse analysis (DA),7, 10, 186, 194, 213
- discourse markers.,15, 17–18, 210.; See also cues
- Dodd, D. K.,79, 193
- Doherty-Sneddon, G.,48–49, 124–25, 142, 193
- Dore, M.,11, 147–48, 193
- Drahota, A.,70, 193
- Duchenne smile,xii, 55–58, 61–70, 84, 176–78, 183, 194, 196, 198, 203, 208
- non-.,65–68, 198; See also phony smile
- Duchowski, A. T.,120, 193, 210
- Duncan, S.,73, 124, 193
- Dynel, M.,12, 25–26, 192–93
E
- ecological validity,119–20, 180
- Ehrlichman, H.,124, 193
- Einav, S.,49, 125, 139, 143, 193
- Eisterhold, J.,146, 187, 193–94, 207
- Ekman, P.,16–17, 55–57, 59–62, 64–65, 67, 73, 78, 191, 194–95
- ELAN (software),32, 38–39
- Elfenbein, H. A.,73, 194
- El Haddad, K.,90, 194
- embodied cognition,2, 5, 30, 59, 85, 93, 116, 186, 211, 213–14
- embodiment,191, 206–7
- Emery, N. J.,143, 194
- emotional expressions,5, 56–59, 110, 112, 125, 182, 188, 194, 202, 210
- emotional mimicry,206
- emotional reaction, smiling as an,113, 177
- Erickson, F.,2, 5, 22, 175, 182, 194
- ERP (event-related potential),9, 190, 195
- Ervas, F.,25, 194
- Everts, E.,11, 194
- exhilaration.,5, 17, 209.; See also mirth
- expression of irony,204
- eyebrows, raised,27, 61, 174, 211
- eye contact,50, 117, 121, 123, 125, 127, 132, 202, 213
- avoiding,123
- eye-tracker,33–35, 37, 215–16
- eye tracker, calibration,xiv, 37, 215–16
- eye-tracker
- head-mounted,118, 127
- intrusive,116
- non-intrusive,32
- non-portable,127
- portable,32, 116, 120–21, 170, 215–16
- wearable (glasses),120, 122
- eye-tracking,32–33, 37, 115–17, 119–22, 125–26, 187, 189, 193, 206, 212, 215
- data,4, 29, 36–37, 39, 113, 216–17
- dual,120–21, 187, 189, 207, 209
- social,115, 119–20, 122, 128, 180, 190
F
- Facial Action Coding System (FACS),56, 60–62, 64, 145, 156–57, 171, 194
- facial feedback hypotheses,59, 93, 112, 177, 183, 205, 211
- facial mimicry,93, 112, 177, 183, 199
- FACS (Facial Action Coding System),56, 60–62, 64, 145, 156–57, 171, 194
- FACS
- FACS-based holistic scoring,62–63
- FACS-based instrument,59–60, 64
- FACS-based scales,62–64
- FACS-based taxonomies,27
- Fagel, S.,70, 194
- failed humor.,28–30, 51, 53, 131–32, 143, 145, 147, 149–56, 159–62, 164–68, 170–72, 174, 181–82, 188
- failed humor
- conversational,28–29, 31, 145–67, 208
- joint,51–53, 156, 161, 167–68, 174
- negotiation,51, 53, 151, 166–67
- responses,151, 188
- types,51, 53, 148
- failed humor.,See also misalignment
- Fernández-Dols, J. M.,57, 192, 195, 201–2, 209
- Ferstl, E.,127, 195
- Feyaerts, K.,10, 189, 200–201, 213
- File, K. A.,145, 195
- Filik, R.,125–26, 195, 212
- Fischer, A. H.,80, 195, 206, 209
- Fiske, D. W.,124, 193, 202
- fixations,xiii–xiv, 115–19, 126, 128–29, 131, 140–41, 157, 200, 216–17
- duration,29, 32, 126, 128, 134–35, 140–41
- preferred area,118–19
- short,158, 174
- fixed effects (linear mixed model),135–36, 139
- Flamson, T.,21, 195
- fMRI study,213
- folk theories of humor,3, 20, 26, 45, 96, 103–4, 110, 175–76
- Fónagy, I.,27, 195
- force, pragmatic,148–49
- Ford, T.,6, 205
- Fox Tree, J. E.,26, 189
- framing (frame).See humor framing
- Frank, M. G.,61, 195
- Free Energy Principle,88
- Freese, J.,63–65, 195
- French corpus,20, 90, 180, 185, 208
- Freud, S.,23, 195
- Fridlund, A. J.,55–58, 195
- Friesen, W. V.,16, 56, 62, 194
- frown.,51, 157, 200.; See also AU4
- Fu, G.,118, 195, 200
- Fujiwara, K.,89, 196
- Fusaroli, R.,4, 87, 91–92, 176, 191–92, 196
- Fydanaki, A.,120, 196
G
- Garrod, S.,91, 196, 199, 207, 210
- gaze
- behaviors,xiii, 47, 113, 119–23, 125, 132–34, 142–43, 154, 158, 161, 171
- direction,115, 118, 123, 125, 188, 202
- duration,29, 128–29, 131, 135–37, 139–40, 142–43, 174
- patterns,4–5, 35, 118–19, 122, 124, 160, 164, 188, 193, 197, 208–9
- scanning path,xiii, 118–19, 158
- scanning strategies,119
- gaze aversion,48–49, 117, 121, 123–25, 127, 139, 142–43, 160–61, 170–71, 174–76, 178, 185, 193, 205
- gaze function
- cognitive,123–24, 205
- emotional,59, 123–25, 205
- social (regulatory),124, 134
- gaze patterns, scanning,158
- gender,xii, 40, 73, 77, 80–81, 84, 135–36, 146, 151, 198–200, 202–3
- General Theory of Verbal Humor (GTVH),8, 208
- George, N.,125, 132, 196
- gestures,2, 5, 26–27, 33, 44, 47, 52, 88, 200, 203, 211
- hand,10, 56, 179, 204
- smiling.See smiling patterns
- Gibbs, R. W.,3, 24, 145, 196, 204
- Giora, R.,9, 126, 195–96
- Girard, J. M.,67, 84, 196
- Gironzetti, E.,16, 20–21, 31, 34, 44, 64–66, 90, 96–97, 103–4, 108, 120, 122, 127, 180, 196–97
- Glenberg, A. M.,124, 197
- Glenn, P.,15, 23–24, 197, 201
- Goddard, C.,14, 197
- Godfroid, A.,4, 197
- Goffman, E.,3, 123, 175, 197
- Goldberg,210
- Goldin-Meadow, S.,92, 175, 197
- Goldstein, J. H.,6, 197
- Golland, Y.,89, 197
- Gonzaga, G. C.,56, 197
- González-Fuente, S.,27, 197
- graded salience hypothesis,9, 126, 196
- Grant, E. C.,59, 197
- Greek,21, 186
- Green, M.,58, 182, 197
- Gregory, S. W.,89, 198
- Grice, H. P.,26, 49, 58, 198
- GTVH (General Theory of Verbal Humor),8, 208
- Guastello, S. J.,89, 198
- Gulas, C. S.,148, 198
- Gullberg, M.,117, 198
- Gumperz, J. J.,4, 175, 198
- Gunnery, S. D.,67, 198
- Günther, U. K.,11, 25, 198
H
- Haakana, M.,57, 73, 198
- Haensel, J. X.,118, 198
- Haiman, J.,27, 198
- Hall, J. A.,80–81, 198
- Hansen, Z.,80, 198
- happiness,57–58, 60, 110, 112, 125, 192, 195
- feigned.,57; See also Duchenne smile
- Harker, L.,62–64, 198
- Harris, C. R.,67, 199
- Hasson, U.,89, 199
- Hatasa, K.,22, 198
- Hatzithomas, L.,11, 199
- Haugh, M.,11, 31, 93, 150, 199
- Haviland, J. M.,79, 199, 209
- Hay, J.,15, 24, 93, 146–48, 151, 156, 166–67, 187, 199–200
- Hayward, D. A.,119, 199
- head
- movements,4, 10, 56, 64, 179, 189, 206
- shaking,151
- tilts,27, 30, 51–52, 145, 156, 171, 174, 182
- Heerey, E. A.,5, 90, 199
- Hering, E.,116, 199
- Hertenstein, M. J.,63, 199
- Hess, U.,57, 80, 89–90, 199–200, 206
- Hessels, R. S.,116, 118, 200, 212
- Hills, P. J.,118, 200
- Hinsz, V. B.,90, 200
- HMAD script,4, 64
- Hockett, C. F.,14, 200
- Holler, J.,5, 73, 124, 200, 202
- Holmes, J.,70, 190, 200
- Holmqvist, K.,33, 115, 117, 128, 200, 217
- Holt, E.,24, 197, 201
- hostility theories.See humor theories
- Hove, M. J.,89, 200
- Hsiao, J. H.-W.,118, 200
- Hsu, H. C.,10, 200
- Hu, C.,118, 195, 200, 207
- Huang, M.,65, 185, 197
- Huey, E. G.,116, 200
- humor
- affiliative,5, 11, 18, 76, 79, 81, 88, 110–11, 113, 125, 200, 204–5
- baseline,xiv, 51, 153–54, 168, 219–22
- canned.,10, 12–13, 19, 175; See also punchlines
- competence,8, 28, 31, 147, 175
- disaffiliative,11, 125
- failed.,14, 20, 51, 53, 147–48, 152, 155–56, 162, 165–67, 171, 195, 199, 204; See also failed humor
- failed appreciation,51, 53, 149, 154, 156, 158, 161, 164, 167, 174
- failed negotiation,158, 165, 168
- failed recognition,51, 147, 155–56, 162
- failed understanding,xiii, 147, 151, 155–57, 162, 165, 167, 188
- intention,5, 14–16, 20, 24, 43, 104, 110, 146, 150, 182–83, 188
- interpretation,2, 24, 74, 100, 150, 154, 166–67, 172
- involuntary (humor, non-intentional),32, 143, 150, 191
- and irony,7, 186, 196
- joint failure,164
- joint pretense,122, 189
- and laughter,6, 10, 23–25, 186
- narrative,3, 13, 19, 203, 207
- non-intentional (humor, involuntary),32, 143, 150, 191
- phrase,13–14, 100, 103–4, 110–11, 160, 177
- positive,210
- potential,28, 31, 40, 111
- psychology of,197, 205, 209, 214
- recognition,51, 147, 155, 167
- spontaneous.,12, 20, 189, 195; See also jablines
- successful,153, 155–56, 165, 167
- understanding,20, 152, 161, 167
- upfront failure.,166, 168; See also failed humor
- verbal,5, 8, 70, 125, 155, 175
- humor cues.,19, 23, 25, 27–28, 40, 153, 155, 171.; See also cues
- humor framing,2–3, 5, 28–29, 31, 43–45, 47, 51–53, 82–83, 90–91, 103–4, 110, 112–13, 146–50, 152–55, 162, 165–72, 175–78, 182
- joint,44, 96–97
- negotiation.,55, 107, 165–66, 168, 176; See also humor negotiation
- single smiling patterns,96, 104, 111
- smiling patterns,43–44, 95–98, 100, 112, 170, 177
- humor markers,5, 10–11, 14–15, 23, 55, 68, 76, 84, 140–41, 152, 169–70.; See also cues
- humor negotiation,29, 31, 43, 82, 100–101, 110, 112–13, 115–16, 138–39, 151–55, 165–68, 170–72, 175–78, 182, 192–93
- multimodal,52, 85, 122, 170, 172, 189
- humor performance,3, 8, 12, 15, 28, 31–32, 51–52, 175, 180, 182, 186–87, 211–12, 215
- humor responses
- nonverbal,146–47, 151, 213
- verbal,60, 82, 151, 157
- humor support,51, 93–94, 145–50, 152, 155–56, 164–65, 167, 171, 186, 192, 199, 206–7, 213.; See also mode adoption
- humor theories,3, 6–8, 20, 26, 96, 103–4, 110, 175–76, 186–87, 204, 208
- competence,8, 28, 31, 147, 175
- folk,3, 20, 26, 45, 96, 103–4, 110, 175–76
- hostility,7–8
- linguistic,7
- performance,15, 175, 182
- release,7
- superiority,7, 60
- Hymes, D.,3, 175, 200
I
- Ikeda, K.,25, 200
- incongruity, humor,7, 9, 14, 48, 127, 142, 148, 178
- indicators.,15–17, 40, 63, 128, 132, 134, 196.; See also cues
- indices.,15–17, 152–53.; See also cues
- intercultural
- communication,185
- pragmatics,30, 188, 208
- International Society for Humor Studies (ISHS),6, 193
- interpreter-mediated interactions,121, 213
- intonation,3, 204, 206–7
- irony,9, 12–13, 20–22, 25–27, 50–51, 71, 81–82, 101, 126, 137–39, 142, 146, 173–75, 178, 185–86, 189, 191, 203–4, 206–7, 210–12
- comprehension,26–27, 185
- conversational,49, 139, 171, 174
- cues.See cues, irony
- humorous,103, 122, 126, 178
- processing,9, 81, 125–26, 139, 187, 195, 202, 206
- and sarcasm,25–26, 187
- successful negotiation of,172, 174
- tone,26, 189, 203
- utterances,xii–xiii, 26–27, 98, 101, 103–5, 107, 126, 174
- verbal,26, 189, 195–97, 203–4, 207, 212–13
- irony markers.See irony cues
- Izard, C. E.,73, 201
J
- jablines,xii, 12–13, 38, 40, 43–44, 50–51, 68, 70–71, 81–82, 96–98, 101–5, 111, 137, 171–74
- Jack, R. E.,119, 188, 201, 210
- Jakonen, T.,60, 201
- Jansen, N.,21–22, 26, 201
- Japanese,22, 118, 198
- Javal, L. É.,116, 201
- Jefferson, G.,11, 23–25, 201
- Jehoul, A.,10, 189, 201
- Jensen, M.,73, 201
- jocular mockery,199
- joke,2–3, 7–14, 18–21, 37, 111, 127, 146–49, 151–52, 156–58, 162, 172–73, 186, 191–93, 198–99, 204–5, 225
- bad,158, 162
- comprehension,127, 192
- conversational,24, 189, 206
- cycle,13
- dirty,23
- disparaging,60
- failed,158
- incongruity,149
- political,147
- reading,127
- spontaneous,3
- successful,14; See also punchlines
- Jokinen, K.,82, 123, 201
- Jones, S. S.,57, 201
K
- Kaakinen, J. K.,125–26, 187, 201, 206
- Kaczmarek, L. D.,63–65, 201
- Kadooka, K.,21–22, 201
- Kang, O.,18, 202
- Kaukomaa, T.,60, 73, 202
- Kyyal, M.,56, 202
- Kawahara, T.,123, 202
- Keltner, D.,56, 60, 62–64, 79, 197–98, 202, 206
- Kendon, A.,88, 120–21, 123–24, 202
- Kendrick, K. H.,124, 200, 202
- keying.,3, 203.; See also framing
- Kingstone, A.,119, 200, 202, 211
- Kita, S.,92, 117, 175, 198, 211
- Kleck, R. E.,125, 185, 200
- Kleinke, C. L.,121, 124, 202
- Knackstedt, G.,121, 202
- Knowledge Resources (KR),8
- Koban, L.,88n, 202
- Kobanashi stories,22, 198, 202
- Koike, D.,12, 23, 25, 196, 202
- Kok, K. I.,10, 202
- Kotthoff, H.,11–12, 146, 203
- Koutsombogera, M.,82, 203
- KR (Knowledge Resources),8
- Kraut, R. E.,57, 203
- Kreuz, R. J.,26–27, 190, 203
- Kring, A. M.,199, 202
- Kruger, M. L.,63–65, 185
- Krumhuber, E. G.,67, 203
- Krys, K.,78, 203
- Kuipers, G.,7, 203
- Kunz, M.,67, 203
- Kutas, M.,191–92
L
- LaFrance, M.,79, 203, 214
- Laineste, L.,146, 203
- Lakin, J. L.,89, 203
- Lamare, M.,116, 203
- Lambiase, L.,185
- LAN (Left Anterior Negativity),9
- Larkin-Galiñanes, C.,6, 204
- laughable,23
- laughing voice.See smiling voice
- laughter,2–3, 10–11, 15, 17, 19–25, 60, 68–73, 75, 146–48, 150–52, 159–60, 162, 190–91, 197–98, 201
- fake,150–51
- multi-party,11
- responsive,24
- shared,60
- withdrawing,147
- laughter speech,11
- Lautenbacher, S.,67, 204
- Laval, V.,26, 204
- leaking,16–17
- least disruption principle,194
- Left Anterior Negativity.See LAN
- Leggitt, J. S.,25, 204
- Lehtimaja, I.,60, 204
- Levine, M. H.,121, 194, 204
- Levinson, S.,14, 189, 200
- linear mixed models,48, 135–36, 139–41
- linguistic theories of humor.See humor theories
- linguocentric approach,2, 29, 182
- lip,27, 51–52, 61, 160, 164, 174, 182, 194
- pursing,151
- listener,24, 26, 43, 45, 47, 52, 72–73, 82–83, 100–101, 103–4, 106–7, 121–23, 133–34, 145–47, 150
- gaze,124
- mouth,143, 178
- naïve,70, 72
- responses,122, 187, 213
- role,134
- Liu, Y.,151, 204
- logical mechanisms.,8.; See also KR
- Louwerse, M. M.,88–89, 92, 175, 204–5
- Lumsden, J.,89, 204
- Lynn, J. G.,59, 204
- Lyttle, J.,11, 204
M
- Macdonald, R. G.,120–21, 204
- Mackie, D. M.,56, 204
- Macrae, C. N.,89, 204–5
- MAGiC (Multimodal Framework for Analysing Gaze in Communication),120, 186
- Mak, B. C. N.,151–52, 204
- Manstead, A. S. R.,203, 209
- Mantovan, L.,27, 204
- Marinkovic, K.,9, 204
- marked informativeness hypothesis,9
- marker.,15–17, 23, 26, 40, 75, 125, 134, 141, 143, 152–53, 169
- marker
- default,70
- discrete,40, 110
- of insincerity,125
- multimodal,187, 196
- of obviousness,201
- prosodic,15, 73, 207
- of true enjoyment,70, 84
- marker.,See also humor markers, cues
- Markson, L.,124, 204
- Martin
- J. D.,60–61, 204, 210–11
- R. A.,6, 17, 204-205
- McGhee, P. E.,6, 197
- McIntosh, D. N.,4, 93, 205
- McSweeney, B.,78, 205
- Mehoudar, E.,119, 205
- Menjo, S.,65, 187, 197
- mental representations,89, 93
- mental states,56, 58, 61, 88, 143
- Messinger, D.,55, 68, 70, 84, 205, 210
- meta-analysis,126, 194, 198, 204
- Miellet, S.,118, 190, 205
- Miles, L. K.,89, 93, 204–5
- mimicry,88, 91, 93, 177
- de-contextualized,91, 177
- facial,93, 112, 177, 183, 199
- nonconscious behavioral,204
- mirroring,99, 172, 206
- mirror neurons,88
- mirth,5, 9, 17, 25, 58, 93, 110, 112, 177, 182–83, 186
- misalignment,xiii, 51, 108, 153–57, 159, 161, 164, 168, 170–71, 174.; See also failed humor
- miscommunication,148–50, 186
- Mitchell, H. H.,127, 205
- Mitkidis, P.,89, 192, 205
- Miu-Chi Lun,203
- mode adoption, humor.,146–48, 186, 192, 206–7, 213.; See also humor support
- Mooney, E. C.,67, 185
- Morency, L. P.,123–24, 187, 196, 205
- Mori, H.,93, 205
- Mori, K.,93, 205
- mouth,27, 29, 31, 49–51, 53, 64–67, 118, 122, 128, 130, 132–36, 139–43, 170, 172, 177–78
- and eyes,xiii, 5, 129–30, 135, 142, 165, 173
- and humor,143
- interlocutor’s,130, 139
- and irony,49
- scanning,174
- and smiling,65, 178
- Muecke, D. C.,27, 205
- multimodal,5, 28–30, 56, 189, 213
- communication,10, 120, 191, 204
- discourse analysis,4, 10, 194
- humor performance,3–29, 123, 125, 143, 145, 174
- irony negotiation,122, 189
- misalignment,156, 159
- resources,4, 12, 29–31, 52, 171, 175, 179, 197
- signals,5, 52
- multimodality,10, 32, 187
- muscles,59, 61, 65
- contractions,65
- facial,59–60, 62, 65, 68
- sounds,199
- mutual gaze.,29, 117, 121–25, 132, 186, 189, 191.; See also eye contact
N
- natural meaning,58, 182
- Navarretta, C.,88n, 90, 205
- Neal, D. T.,93, 206
- Niedenthal, P. M.,73, 198, 206, 210
- non bona-fide,49, 143
- nonverbal
- behavior,4, 78–79, 155, 159, 161–62, 164, 180–82, 191, 194–96, 198, 207, 210, 212–13
- communication,185, 190–91, 198–99
- leakage,194
- Norrick, N.,11, 18, 24, 151, 188, 206, 208
O
- Oben, B.,189
- O’Donnell-Trujillo, N.,15, 24, 206
- Oishi, S.,63, 211
- Olbrechts-Tyteca, L.,23, 206
- Olkoniemi, H.,125–26, 202, 206
- Ontological Semantic Theory of Humor (OSTH),8, 208
- Openface (software),4, 120, 187
- optimal innovation hypothesis,9, 196
- orbicularis oculi.,61, 66–68.; See also AU6
- organic meaning,58, 182, 197
- OSTH (Ontological Semantic Theory of Humor),8, 208
- Oveis, C.,63, 206
P
- Padilla, X.,26, 206
- Paggio, P.,90, 206
- Papa, A.,67, 206
- Papageorgiou, H.,203
- parallel-constraint-satisfaction approach,27
- paratone,18–20
- punchline,22, 202
- Partington, A.,11, 206
- Paterson, K. B.,124, 205
- pauses,3, 17–19, 21–22, 26, 72–73, 156
- Paxton, A.,88, 91, 164, 206
- Pell, M. D.,21, 71, 190, 207, 209
- personality,188–90, 192–95, 198, 200, 202–3, 211
- Peterson, M. F.,119, 207
- Pexman, P.,27, 146, 207, 213
- Pfeiffer, U.,120, 143, 187, 207
- Phelps, F. G.,124, 193
- philosophy,6, 197, 214
- phonology,70, 149
- phony smiles.,29, 56, 58, 67–68, 113.; See also Duchenne smiling
- physiology,200–201
- Pickering, L.,3, 15, 19–20, 23, 65–66, 70, 90, 186–87, 197, 202, 207–8
- Pickering, M.,20, 89, 91, 196
- Piirainen-Marsh, A.,60, 207
- Pinar Sanz, M.,10, 207
- pitch,3, 17, 19–20, 22
- high,3, 18, 72–73
- low,19–20
- Plano Clark, V.,32, 192
- Platt, T.,67, 207
- Plester, B. A.,11, 207
- polite smiling.,69, 76, 81, 138, 158, 160, 174, 178.; See also smiling
- Portuguese,21
- positive emotions,63, 71–73, 79, 84, 195–96, 198, 211
- Praat (software),20–22
- pragmatic intentions,12, 45, 93, 110, 196
- Priego-Valverde, B.,11–12, 20, 90, 146–48, 180, 185, 188, 207-208
- priming,91–92
- Prkachin, K.,67, 204
- processing, cognitive,117, 124, 178
- proficiency,152, 181
- pronunciation,89, 152
- pro-social orientation,89
- prosodic features,12, 17–18, 20, 22, 26–27
- prosody,18, 20, 22, 24, 27, 70–71, 187–88, 195–96, 201–2, 207, 212–13
- Provine, R. R.,24, 208
- punchlines,xii–xiii, 2–3, 9, 12–13, 18–20, 50–51, 68, 71, 81–82, 96–98, 100–101, 104–5, 107–8, 111, 137, 141–42, 156–58, 161–65, 171–74, 178–79
Q
- Quené, H.,70, 208
R
- Raidt, S.,120, 208
- Rakugo,22, 198, 202
- Ramseyer, F.,164, 212
- Raskin, V.,6–8, 28, 31, 49, 148, 155, 175, 186–87, 208–9
- Rauber-Kaiser, S.,65, 187
- Rayner, K.,33, 117, 208
- Raz, A.,117, 208
- reading time, first-pass.,126.; See also fixation
- Reddish, P.,89, 208
- Rees, G. M.,164, 212
- regressions,127
- release theories of humor.See humor theories
- Repin, Ilya,117
- rhythm,205, 212
- Richardson, D. C.,89, 123, 180, 207, 208
- Rigoulot, S.,71, 208
- Robertson, D. A.,124, 197
- Robinson, J.,73, 208
- Rockwell, P. A.,26–27, 208
- Rodríguez Mosquera, P. M. R.,56, 209
- Rogers, S. L.,119, 123, 209
- ROI (region of interest).See AOI (area of interest)
- Rosengrant, D.,120, 209
- Rossano, F.,123, 209
- Ruben, M. A.,67, 198
- Rubenstein, L.,59, 209
- Ruch, W.,7, 15, 17, 23, 59, 67, 76, 208–9
- Ruiz-Belda, M. A.,57, 195, 209
- Ruíz Gurillo, L.,2, 15, 175, 197, 209
- Russell, J. A.,57, 190, 193, 195, 201–2, 210
- Ruvolo, P.,57, 210
- Rychlowska, M.,59–60, 206, 210
S
- saccades.,xiv, 115–16, 200, 210, 217.; See also fixations
- Sacks, H.,11, 23–24, 151, 201, 209
- salient,9, 35, 134, 137–38, 178
- Salvucci, D. D.,116, 209
- sampling rate,33, 36, 128, 216
- Samson, A. C.,11, 210
- Sander, D.,125, 191, 210
- sarcasm.,21–22, 25, 185, 187, 190, 193, 195–96, 198, 201, 203–4, 206, 209, 211–12
- sarcasm, cues.See cues
- sarcasm.,See also irony
- Scarantino, A.,4–5, 29, 58, 110, 112, 182, 210
- Schaffer, R. R.,27, 210
- Scharrer, L.,26, 210
- Scheepers,188, 201
- Schegloff, E.,11, 23–24, 201
- Schiffrin, D.,15, 17, 186, 210
- Schlesinger, I.,149, 210
- Schmidt, K. L.,67, 210
- Schroeder, J. L.,124, 197
- Schützwohl, A.,57, 210
- Schwarz, N.,56, 210
- script,4, 8, 28, 64, 147
- opposition.,8, 10, 14, 28, 31, 155; See also SSTH
- second language,12, 14, 30, 179, 181, 186, 197, 203, 211–12
- Seder, P. J.,63, 210
- Seltman, H. J.,136, 210
- semiotic resources,2, 4, 29, 82, 165, 175, 179, 182
- nonverbal,2, 5, 169, 175, 181–82
- verbal,164, 182
- visual,113
- Seyfeddinipur, M.,92, 175, 210
- Shapiro, L.,93, 210
- Shively, R.,12, 210
- Shockley, K.,88–89, 210
- Shor, R. E.,70, 211
- shrugs,10, 27, 201
- silence,150, 157
- Silver, L.,56, 204
- Simarro Vázquez, M.,127, 211
- SIS (Smiling Intensity Scale),xii, 39–44, 46, 64–66, 68–72, 74–83, 94–95, 98–104, 106–8, 138, 140–41, 153, 157–60, 162–64, 171–72, 174, 219–22
- Slepian, M. L.,93, 211
- SMAD script,4, 64
- Smilek, D.,119, 211
- smiling,3–5, 29, 40–43, 45–47, 55–67, 69–82, 84–85, 90, 93–96, 100–105, 110–13, 134–36, 138–39, 141–43, 151–55, 169–71, 175–79, 181–83, 192–95, 197–201
- baseline,41, 76
- Duchenne.See Duchenne smile
- individual behavior,28–29, 31–32, 38, 40, 47, 55–87, 91, 113, 169
- infants,59, 199, 202, 213–14
- inverted gestures,44
- jaw-dropped,40, 42, 66, 71, 75–76
- joint behavior,xii, 29, 32, 39, 87, 94–95, 170
- joint framing,98, 104, 111
- lack of,79, 100–102, 154, 157
- matching,46, 105
- mouth closed,44, 66, 71, 75, 79, 81, 103, 158, 160, 174, 178
- mouth open,42, 79, 81, 153, 172–74, 176
- mouth wide-open,42, 66, 75–76, 138, 158
- polite,69, 76, 81, 138, 158, 160, 174, 178
- reciprocal,90, 105, 170, 199
- reward,60, 62
- sustained,44, 97–98, 170
- smiling dialogic synergy,28–29, 31, 45, 87–113, 153, 170–71, 176–77, 183
- smiling expression,xiii, 59, 63, 77, 81, 112, 128, 130, 136–38, 158, 177–78
- smiling intensity,xii, 38–45, 59–60, 62–66, 69–70, 72–78, 80–84, 96, 98–99, 101–5, 110, 141–43, 153–54, 160, 162–65, 171–74
- individual,xii, xiv, 40–41, 43, 45, 73–75, 81–84, 94, 113, 171–74, 219–22
- linear visualization,xii, 39, 83, 94, 103, 169
- Smiling Intensity Scale (SIS),xii, 39–44, 46, 64–66, 68–72, 74–83, 94–95, 98–104, 106–8, 138, 140–41, 153, 157–60, 162–64, 171–72, 174, 219–22
- smiling pattern,2, 5, 26–27, 33, 44, 47, 52, 88, 200, 203, 211
- accommodation gesture,xii, 43–45, 96, 98–100, 102, 110, 162, 172
- joint framing pattern,xii, 43–45, 47, 99, 105, 162, 172–73
- peak,xii–xiii, 45, 96, 100, 103–4, 107, 110–11, 176
- sustained framing,98, 178
- smiling synchronicity,xiii, 5, 29, 45–46, 53, 90, 105–9, 111, 113, 154
- smiling voice,xii, 29, 55, 70–73, 84, 113, 170, 177, 212
- Smith, E. R.,56, 204
- Smith, J.,57, 213
- social attention,119, 199, 202
- social behavior,57, 210
- social cognition,4, 85, 87, 200
- social context,57, 206
- social cues,24, 58
- social interaction,55, 57, 117, 120, 191–92, 198–99, 201–2, 206–7, 209
- sociology,7, 204
- Soussignan, R.,93, 211
- Spanish,32, 36–37, 40, 52, 78–79, 137, 141–42, 173, 179, 223, 225
- speech rate,3, 19, 21–22, 26, 92
- squinting.,63, 66.; See also AU6
- SSTH (Semantic Script Theory of Humor),7–8, 28, 208
- stereotypes,148, 198, 200
- Strack, F.,93, 211
- superiority theories.See humor theories
- surprise,163, 210
- Sutton-Smith, B.,121, 204
- synchronicity, behavioral,29, 87–88, 90, 92–94, 105, 108, 169–70
- synchronization, behavioral,37, 88–92, 111, 113, 180, 197, 203
- synchrony, behavioral,88–89, 164, 191–92, 200–201, 203, 205, 207–8, 212, 214
- synergy, dialogic,59, 87, 91–94, 110–11, 170, 174, 176–77, 196
T
- Tabacaru, S.,27, 211
- tag questions,26, 203
- Tannen, D.,11, 186, 211
- TAP (Theory of Affective Pragmatics),55, 58–59, 210
- Taras, V.,78, 211
- Tartter, V. C.,70, 211
- Tatler, B. W.,204
- TCU (Turn Construction Units),21
- text comprehension,126–27, 195
- Theory of Affective Pragmatics.See TAP
- Theory of Affective Pragmatics (TAP),55, 58–59, 210
- Thompson, D.,59, 81, 211
- tone,72–73
- concord,88
- Torre, I.,70, 211
- Tracy, J. L.,56, 211
- Trofimovich, P.,89, 211
- Tsakona, V.,8, 12, 175, 186, 193, 212
- Tschacher, W.,88–89, 164, 212
- Ţurcan, A.,125–26, 212
- Tylén, K.,191–92, 196
U
- Urios-Aparisi, E.,3, 187, 212
- Utsumi, A.,27, 212
- utterances
- humorous,2–4, 20–21, 23–24, 26, 28, 31–32, 43–45, 51–53, 110–13, 148–50, 152–55, 165–66, 169–72, 175–76, 182
- ironic humorous,25
- non-humorous,2, 20–21, 112
- sarcastic,21–22
- sincere,21–22, 127
V
- Valdesolo, P.,89, 212
- Valtakari, N. V.,121, 212
- Van Beek, Y.,79, 212
- variables
- dependent,135, 139
- independent,135
- intervening,180–81
- predictor,135, 139
- variance,82, 136
- Varlet, M.,89, 212
- verbal language,2, 5, 15, 52, 93
- verbal play.,191.; See also humor, verbal
- Vertegaal, R.,120–21, 212
- virtuous circle of humor support.,93–94, 112.; See also humor support
- visual
- information,64, 89, 117, 193
- saliency,49
- visual attention,47, 92, 123, 137–38, 143
- visual cognition,117, 208
- visual cues.See cues, visual
- visual field,33, 217
- visual saliency, low,50, 139
- visual-spatial imagination,205
- visual stimulus,141, 158
- visual world,47, 116, 170
- Võ, M. L. H.,118–19, 212
- vocal tract.,70.; See also smiling voice
- Vogeley,187, 207
- voice quality,3, 18, 22, 70, 72–73
- Vranjes, J.,10, 121, 189, 212
- Vrij, A.,49, 125, 139, 143, 212-213
W
- Wagner, H. L.,57, 213
- Wagner, M.,3, 187, 212
- Wang, S. F.,81, 213
- Washburn, R. W.,59, 213
- Weigand, E.,148, 213
- Wennerstrom, A.,18, 88, 213
- Whalen, J. M.,146, 213
- Wickberg, D.,14, 213
- Williams
- J. A.,48, 120, 127, 139, 142, 213
- L. E.,93, 213
- Wilson
- A. D.,93, 213
- M.,93, 213
- R. A.,4, 214
- Wiltermuth, S. S.,89, 214
- Wolff, H. A.,60, 214
- Woodzicka, J. A.,60, 214
Y
- Yarbus, A. L.,116–17, 214
- Young, G.,59, 214
- Yus, P.,7, 214
- Yuval-Greenberg, S.,124, 185
Z
- Zelazo, P. R.,59, 214
- Zhang, X.,120, 214
