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Article published In: FORUM
Vol. 5:1 (2007) ► pp.245–263

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The Making of an Interpreter User

 | Monterey Institute of International Studies, PhD Program, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Spain |
Published online: 1 April 2007
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https://doi.org/10.1075/forum.5.1.11tak
Abstract/Résumé
Au cours des premiers mois d’existence du Tribunal militaire pour l’Extrême-Orient (IMTFE, 1946-1948), les procédures d’interprétation ont été élaborées avec plus ou moins de bonheur, dans la mesure où le tribunal utilisait des interprètes « accidentels » et non formés, et où il n’avait pas non plus d’expérience dans l’utilisation de services d’interprétation. Cet article examine le processus de développement des procédures d’interprétation pendant la première année de procès. Il passe en revue les approches basées sur les normes dans le domaine des études d’interprétation, se réfère au modèle de Toury (1995) pour les « traducteurs naturels/innés » et fait appel à la notion de « normes négociées ». De plus, l’article analyse les discussions entre les participants au tribunal sur les questions d’interprétation. Au début, le tribunal, en tant qu’utilisateur des interprètes et commissaire (administrateur) de l’événement interprété, a essayé de faire respecter ses attentes quant à la manière d’interpréter. Cependant, de telles normes ont été négociées et modifiées en grande partie face aux réactions des interprètes, basées principalement sur les limites cognitives de ces derniers. Ceci illustre le rôle des interactions dans l’élaboration de normes et celui des contraintes cognitives de l’interprète dans le processus. L’article conclut que la « fabrication d'un traducteur naturel/inné » (Toury) va de pair avec la « fabrication d’un utilisateur de traducteurs/d’interprètes » dans le cas de l’IMTFE.1
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