A reception study on the impact of visual elements and translation strategies on viewers’ comprehension of culture-specific items in Malay-subtitled Chinese movies
Published online: 23 March 2026
https://doi.org/10.1075/forum.25025.tha
https://doi.org/10.1075/forum.25025.tha
Abstract
The impact of modality on viewers’ comprehension of Culture-Specific Items (CSIs) in subtitled audiovisual content
remains insufficiently explored, and existing studies rely heavily on subjective self-reported measures with a small sample of
participants. The present study seeks to provide more concrete evidence by exploring how modality (unimodal vs. crossmodal CSIs)
and translation strategy (source text-oriented vs. target text-oriented) impact the comprehension of Malay-subtitled CSIs in
Chinese movies. Data were collected from 222 Malay participants via an objective multiple-choice questionnaire. The tests were
administered across four experimental conditions that systematically varied the two factors: modality and translation strategy.
The findings demonstrate that the target text-oriented strategy enhances comprehension for both unimodal and crossmodal CSIs, and
more importantly, crossmodal CSIs consistently improve comprehension compared to unimodal CSIs, regardless of the translation
strategy. These findings suggest avenues for improving subtitling practices in audiovisual products.
Résumé
L’impact de la modalité sur la compréhension des éléments culturels spécifiques (culture-specific items, CSIs)
chez les spectateurs de contenus audiovisuels sous-titrés demeure encore peu étudié, et les recherches existantes reposent
largement sur des mesures subjectives autodéclarées fondées sur des échantillons restreints. La présente étude vise à fournir des
résultats plus robustes en examinant comment la modalité (CSIs unimodaux vs. crossmodaux) et la stratégie de traduction
(orientation vers le texte source vs. orientation vers le texte cible) influencent la compréhension des CSIs sous-titrés en malais
dans des films chinois. Les données ont été recueillies auprès de 222 participants malais à l’aide d’un questionnaire objectif à
choix multiples. Les tests ont été menés dans quatre conditions expérimentales faisant varier systématiquement les deux facteurs,
à savoir la modalité et la stratégie de traduction. Les résultats montrent qu’une stratégie orientée vers le texte cible améliore
la compréhension des CSIs, qu’ils soient unimodaux ou crossmodaux. En outre, les CSIs crossmodaux conduisent systématiquement à
une meilleure compréhension que les CSIs unimodaux, quelle que soit la stratégie de traduction adoptée. Ces conclusions offrent
des pistes concrètes pour améliorer les pratiques de sous-titrage dans les produits audiovisuels.
Article outline
- 1.Introduction
- 2.Literature review
- 2.1Reception studies on viewers’ comprehension of subtitled CSIs in audiovisual products
- 2.2Taxonomies of CSIs and their translation procedures
- 2.3Typologies of intermodal relations among multisemiotic resources conveying CSIs
- 3.Methodology
- 3.1Preparatory phase for the reception study
- 3.2Audience reception study
- 4.Findings
- 5.Concluding remarks
- Disclosure statement
- Data availability statement
- Notes
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