The state of pivot subtitling
A survey on Turkish subtitlers of Korean content
Available under the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) 4.0 license.
For any use beyond this license, please contact the publisher at rights@benjamins.nl.
This article was funded by Hankuk University of Foreign Studies. Open Access publication of this article was funded through a Transformative Agreement with University of Antwerp.
Published online: 26 August 2024
https://doi.org/10.1075/forum.23024.dal
https://doi.org/10.1075/forum.23024.dal
Abstract
At the heart of media globalization lies pivot subtitling – an indirect translation method that facilitates
accessibility and cultural diversity in a vastly multilingual mediascape. Conducted between September 2022 and April 2023, this
survey targeted 80 Turkish subtitlers who translated Korean content for various subscription video-on-demand (SVoD) platforms. The
study aims to understand the working conditions of Turkish pivot subtitlers, elicit recommendations, and provide insights to
industry stakeholders. The findings reveal a lack of uniformity within pivot subtitling workflows across SVoD platforms,
highlighting the need for standardized working conditions. The study also addresses the quality assurance of pivot subtitles and
templates, emphasizing the absence of consistent procedures in post-submission processes. The results call for measures to uphold
equitable working conditions for pivot subtitlers, underscored by achieving uniformity in workflows, and a commitment to confront
systemic challenges that disincentivize direct translation in favor of indirect translation via pivot templates.
Résumé
Au cœur de la mondialisation des médias se trouve le sous-titrage pivot – une méthode de traduction
indirecte qui facilite l’accessibilité et la diversité culturelle dans un paysage médiatique largement multilingue. Menée entre
septembre 2022 et avril 2023, cette enquête a ciblé 80 sous-titreurs turcs qui ont traduit des contenus coréens pour diverses
plateformes de vidéo à la demande par abonnement (SVoD). L’étude vise à saisir les conditions de travail des sous-titreurs pivots
turcs, à recueillir des recommandations et à fournir des perspectives aux parties prenantes de l’industrie. Les résultats révèlent
un manque d’uniformité dans les flux de travail de sous-titrage pivot sur les plateformes de SVoD, soulignant le besoin de
conditions de travail standardisées. L’étude porte également sur l’assurance qualité des sous-titres pivots et des modèles, en
mettant en évidence l’absence de procédures cohérentes dans les processus post-soumission. Les résultats appellent à des mesures
qui consistent à maintenir des conditions de travail équitables pour les sous-titreurs pivots, soulignées par la réalisation de
l’uniformité dans les flux de travail, et un engagement à affronter les défis systémiques qui découragent la traduction directe au
profit de la traduction indirecte via des modèles pivots.
Article outline
- 1.Introduction
- 2.Background
- 2.1Pivot templates
- 2.2Pivot subtitling workflows on SVoD platforms
- 3.Study design
- 4.Survey findings and interpretation of data
- 4.1Demographic profile of Turkish subtitlers of Korean content
- 4.2Satisfaction and perceived reliability in pivot templates
- 4.3Materials shaping pivot subtitles
- 4.4Availability and effectiveness of supportive resources
- 4.5Use of honorifics in pivot subtitling
- 4.6Deviation from pivot templates
- 4.7Quality assurance of pivot subtitles
- 5.Discussion and conclusions
- Notes
References
References (18)
Adinarayan, Thyagaraju. 2021. “Netflix
Stock in Winning Spot Month After ‘Squid Game’
Release.” Bloomberg. Accessed March 16, 2023 [URL]
AVTE. “Wannabe?” Accessed March 16, 2023. [URL]
Bayyurt, Yasemin, and Arın Bayraktaroğlu. 2001. “The
use of pronouns and terms of address in Turkish service
encounters.” In Linguistic Politeness Across
Boundaries, ed. by Arın Bayraktaroğlu and Maria Sifianou, 209–240. Amsterdam: John Benjamins.
Bond, Esther. 2018. “Why
Netflix shut down its translation portal
Hermes.” Slator. Accessed March 10, 2022. [URL]
Casas-Tost, Helena, and Sandra Bustins. 2021. “The
role of pivot translations in Asian film festivals in Catalonia: Johnny Ma’s Old Stone as a case
study.” Journal of Audiovisual
Translation, 4(1): 96–113.
Dallı, Harun. 2023. Pivot
Subtitling: Reasons and Results in the Korean-Turkish Context [Master’s
thesis, Boğaziçi University]. ResearchGate.
. 2024. Pivot
Subtitling on Netflix: The Case of Squid Game. Journal of Audiovisual
Translation, 7(1).
Künzli, Alexander. 2023. “How
subtitling professionals perceive changes in working conditions: An interview study in German-speaking
countries.” Translation and Interpreting
Studies, 18(1): 91–112.
Georgakopoulou, Panayota. 2019. Template
files: “The Holy Grail of subtitling.” Journal of Audiovisual
Translation, 2(2): 137–160.
O’Hagan, Minako. 2007. “Impact
of DVD on translation: Language options as an essential add-on
feature.” Convergence, 13(2), 157–168.
Oziemblewska, Magdalena, and Agnieszka Szarkowska. 2020. The
quality of templates in subtitling. A survey on current market practices and changing subtitler
competences. Perspectives, 30(3): 432–453.
Pięta, Hanna, Santos Ângelo Salgado Valdez, Ester Torres-Simón and Rita Menezes. 2023. “Pivot
templators’ challenges and training: Insights from a survey study with subtitlers and subtitler
trainers.” Íkala, Revista de Lenguaje y
Cultura, 28(2): 1–21.
Moorkens, Joss. 2020. Translation
in the neoliberal era. Esperança Bielsa and Dionysios Kapsaskis (eds) (2020). The
Routledge Handbook of Translation and
Globalisation. Abingdon: Routledge, 323–336.
Pięta, Hanna, Rita Bueno Maia, and Ester Torres-Simón. 2022. “Audiovisual
translation.” Indirect Translation
Explained. London: Routledge, 133–158.
Szarkowska, Agnieszka, Jorge Díaz Cintas, and Olivia Gerber-Morón. 2021. “Quality
is in the eye of the stakeholders: what do professional subtitlers and viewers think about
subtitling?.” Universal Access in the Information
Society, 20(4), 661–675.
Türközü, Göksel. 2009. Korece
ve Türkçe Arasındaki Benzerlikler: Dil-Kültür Bağıntısında Korece ve Türkçe. Ankara, Türkiye.
Valdez, Susana, Pięta, Hanna, Torres-Simón, Ester, & Menezes, Rita. (2023). Subtitlers’
beliefs about pivot
templates. Target, 35(3), 426–454.
