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Article published In: FORUM
Vol. 21:1 (2023) ► pp.67–95

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Traduire les webtoons, le renouveau d’une filière qui cartonne

 | Université KoreaSéoul
ORCiD logo with link | Université Hankuk des études étrangères (HUFS)Séoul

Article language: French

Published online: 6 July 2023
DOI logo with link
https://doi.org/10.1075/forum.22015.kim
Résumé
Depuis 2003, conçus d’emblée dans une optique d’adaptations transmédia, les webtoons (web cartoons) sud-coréens concurrencent les mangas en noir et blanc, renouvelant le modèle nippon par un format numérique en couleur, adapté au smartphone. Divisés en courts épisodes hebdomadaires, ils diffèrent des BD papier par leur format, au défilement vertical qui offre de nouvelles possibilités graphiques et narratives : linéarisation de la lecture, continuum graphique, accroissement de la tension narrative. Ils se distinguent également par le recours à un registre langagier jeune sans filtre, ainsi que par la possibilité pour les auteurs et lecteurs d’interagir et pour les éditeurs de juger de la réception des traductions. Dès 2014, le webtoon lance d’abord ses premières versions en anglais et couvre aujourd’hui plus de dix langues, dont le français. Au-delà d’une simple analyse de corpus, l’article est illustré des résultats d’enquêtes soumises à des éditeurs, traducteurs et relecteurs, pour interpréter les choix narratifs et graphiques observés. Contraintes par les consignes des éditeurs, les stratégies traductives oscillent entre la localisation, le maintien et la diffusion d’éléments socioculturels coréens portés par la Soft Power coréenne.
Abstract
Since 2003, designed with the idea of transmedia adaptations, South Korean webtoons have been competing with black and white manga, revitalizing the Japanese model, with a digital color format suitable for smartphones. Divided into short weekly episodes, they differ from paper comics in terms of their format, with vertical scrolling which offers new graphic and narrative possibilities: linearization of reading, graphic continuum, and an increase in narrative tension. They are also distinguished by the use of a youthful language register without filters, as well as by the possibility for authors and readers to interact and for publishers to gauge the reception to translations. Starting in 2014, webtoons launched their first versions in English and today cover more than ten languages, including French. Beyond a simple corpus analysis, the article is illustrated with the results of surveys submitted to editors, translators and proofreaders, to interpret the narrative and graphic choices observed. Constrained by publishers’ requests, translation strategies oscillate between localization and maintaining as well as disseminating Korean socio-cultural elements inherent in Korean soft power.
Article outline
  • 1.Introduction
  • 2.Marché du webtoon dans le monde
  • 3.Spécificités des webtoons
    • 3.1Division hebdomadaire en épisodes
    • 3.2Défilement vertical en couleur
    • 3.3Interactions avec les lecteurs
    • 3.4Tournures non filtrées et identitaires
  • 4.Traduire les webtoons
    • 4.1Répartition des tâches
      • 4.1.1La traduction
      • 4.1.2La relecture
      • 4.1.3Le lettrage
    • 4.2Méthodes de travail des traducteurs et relecteurs
      • 4.2.1Modalités de travail
      • 4.2.2Consignes imposées par les éditeurs
      • 4.2.3Délais impartis et rémunérations
  • 5.Interprétation des choix narratifs et graphiques retenus
    • 5.1Paratexte et éléments visuels
    • 5.2Mots mimétiques et effets
    • 5.3Diffusion d’éléments culturels coréens
    • 5.4Stratégies acclimatantes
      • 5.4.1Jeux de mots et humour
      • 5.4.2Tendance localisante
    • 5.5Registre jeune et vulgarité
    • 5.6Contraintes juridiques et censure
    • 5.7Conséquences de la traduction-relais
  • 6.Bilan
  • 7.Perspectives encourageantes
  • Remerciements
  • Remarques
  • Bibliographie
  • Corpus
  • Plateformes coréennes
  • Plateformes françaises
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Corpus
Aime-moi follement, 소녀재판, Rusena, Naver.
Dangereux Sourire, 너의 미소 함정, Aengo, Naver.
First Date Love Later, 선 남친 후 연애 the gom, Naver.
Hell Romance, 헬로맨스. Lee Kong-joo, Naver.
Héroïne disqualifiée, 여주실격! Kimengki, Naver.
High School Mercenary, 입학용병, YC, Naver.
HIPster, 힙한 남자, Henie, Naver.
I’m Her Dad! 급식 아빠, Kim Jae-han, Naver.
J’irai te voir dans ma prochaine vie, 이번 생도 잘 부탁해, Lee Hey, Naver.
La manche rouge, 옷 소매 붉은 끝동, Mikang Kang, Daum Kakao/Delitoon.
Lookism, 외모지상주의, Taejoon Park, Naver.
Seasons of Blossom, 청춘 블라썸. Hongduck, Naver.
She’s Hopeless 노답소녀, Seokwoo, Naver.
Sweet Home 스위트홈, Carnby Kim, Naver.
To Love Your Enemy; 원수를 사랑하라, Jungyoon, Taegeon, Naver.
True Beauty 여신강림, Yaongi, Naver.
Viral Hit 싸움 독학, Taejoon Park, Naver.
Plateformes coréennes
Naver [URL]
Daum KaKao [URL], [URL]
Lezhin [URL]
Toomics [URL]
Plateformes françaises
Naver [URL]
Delitoon [URL]
Verytoon [URL]
Toomics [URL]
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