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Article published In: English World-Wide
Vol. 38:1 (2017) ► pp.5–28

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The emergence of so-complementation in Chinese Pidgin English

 | Caritas Institute of Higher Education, Hong Kong
Published online: 29 June 2017
DOI logo with link
https://doi.org/10.1075/eww.38.1.02li
Abstract
Sentential complementation is generally unmarked in Chinese Pidgin English (ChnP). However, around the middle of the 19th century, the word so began to be used as a complementizer. This paper focuses on the origins of so as a complementizer in ChnP. An examination of so and another closely related expression so fashion (‘so, like this’) shows that their meanings and functions can largely be attributed to the corresponding expressions in the source languages, namely Cantonese gam2 (‘so, like this’) and English so in its anaphoric function. As Cantonese gam2 and English so are not complementizers, it is hypothesized that so-complementation is the result of reanalysis by which the anaphoric so is reinterpreted as a complementizer. It is further argued that the emergence of so-complementation is facilitated by a common grammaticalization pathway whereby deictic expressions acquire grammatical functions such as that of complementizer.
Article outline
  • 1.Introduction
  • 2.Chinese pidgin English
    • 2.1Socio-historical background
    • 2.2Methodology and sources of ChnP
  • 3.Types of sentential complementation in ChnP
  • 4.Uses of so
    • 4.1The expression so fashion
    • 4.2Uses of so (fashion)
      • 4.2.1Manner adverb
      • 4.2.2Pro-form
      • 4.2.3Quotative
      • 4.2.4Complementizer
  • 5.The emergence of so-complementation
    • 5.1Reanalysis
    • 5.2Semantic motivation
  • 6.Conclusions and implications
  • Acknowledgements
  • Notes
  • Sources
  • References
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Bolton, Kingsley
2025. Chinese Pidgin English. In The Wiley Blackwell Encyclopedia of World Englishes, ► pp. 1 ff. DOI logo
Li, Michelle
2024. Adult L2 acquisition of for-complementation in Chinese Pidgin English and Hong Kong English. In Lifespan Acquisition and Language Change [Advances in Historical Sociolinguistics, 14], ► pp. 294 ff. DOI logo

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