Article published In: English World-Wide
Vol. 45:3 (2024) ► pp.255–282
Expressing gratitude in Nigerian English
Available under the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) 4.0 license.
For any use beyond this license, please contact the publisher at rights@benjamins.nl.
Open Access publication of this article was funded through a Transformative Agreement with University of Münster.
Published online: 13 August 2024
https://doi.org/10.1075/eww.23061.gut
https://doi.org/10.1075/eww.23061.gut
Abstract
This study explores nativisation processes in the area of pragmatics. Focussing on expressions of gratitude, more
than 1,300 thanking speech acts elicited from Nigerian speakers of English via Discourse Completion Tasks (DCTs) and 628 thanking
speech acts identified in various text categories of the International Corpus of English-Nigeria (ICE-Nig) were
analysed (i) regarding the use of thanking strategy, linguistic expression and structural form and (ii) compared with other
varieties of English. The results show distinct strategies and forms of expressing gratitude in Nigerian English (NigE) that
suggest nativisation processes as they reflect local cultural and communicative practices. Furthermore, systematic differences
between thanking speech acts in the corpus data and those elicited in the DCTs were observed.
Keywords: Nigerian English, thanking, pragmatics, nativisation, DCT, corpus linguistics
Article outline
- 1.Introduction
- 2.The speech act of thanking across varieties of English
- 3.Methodology
- 3.1DCT data
- 3.2Respondents
- 3.3Analysis
- 3.4Corpus data
- 4.Results
- 4.1Thanking strategies in the DCTs
- 4.2Thanking expressions
- 4.3Optional complements in thanking expressions
- 4.4Thanking speech acts in NigE and other varieties of English
- 4.5Thanking strategies in DCT-elicited data and in ICE-Nigeria compared
- 5.Discussion
- 6.Conclusion
- Notes
References
References (52)
Aijmer, Karin. 1996. Conversational
Routines in English: Convention and
Creativity. London: Longman.
Akinlotan, Mayowa, and Akinmade Akande. 2020. “Dative
Alternation in Nigerian English: A Corpus-Based
Approach”. Glottotheory 101: 103–125.
Akinola, Aderonke, and Rotimi Oladipupo. 2021. “A
Corpus-Based Study of Word Stress Free Variation in Nigerian English”. English
Today 381: 165–177.
Anchimbe, Eric. 2018. Offers
and Offer Refusals: A Postcolonial Pragmatics Perspective on World
Englishes. Amsterdam: John Benjamins.
Banjo, Ayo. 1993. “An
Endonormative Model for the Teaching of the English Language in Nigeria”. International Journal
of Applied Linguistics 31: 261–275.
Barron, Anne. 2017. “Variational
Pragmatics”. In Anne Barron, Yueguo Gu, and Gerard Steen, eds. The
Routledge Handbook of
Pragmatics. Oxon: Routledge, 91–104.
Barron, Anne, Irina Pandarova, and Karoline Muderack. 2015. “Tag
Questions Across Irish English and British English: A Corpus Analysis of Form and
Function”. Multilingua 341: 495–525.
Barron, Anne, and Klaus Schneider. 2009. “Variational
Pragmatics: Studying the Impact of Social Factors on Language Use in
Interaction”. Intercultural
Pragmatics 61: 425–442.
Callies, Marcus. 2017. “‘Idioms
in the Making’ as Evidence for Variation in Conceptual Metaphor Across Varieties of
English”. Cognitive Linguistic
Studies 41: 65–83.
Cheng, Stephanie. 2010. “A
Corpus-Based Approach to the Study of Speech Act of Thanking”. Concentric: Studies in
Linguistics 361: 257–274.
Chiluwa, Innocent. 2008. “Religious
Vehicle Stickers in Nigeria: A Discourse of Identity, Faith and Social Vision”. Discourse &
Communication 21: 371–387.
. 2010. “Nigerian
English in Informal Email Messages”. English
World-Wide 311: 40–61.
Coulmas, Florian. 1981. “‘Poison
to Your Soul!’ Thanks and Apologies Contrastively Viewed”. In Florian Coulmas, ed., Conversational
Routine. Explorations in Standardized Communication Situations and Prepatterned Speech. The Hague: Mouton, 69–91.
Eberhard, David M., Gary F. Simons, and Charles D. Fennig. 2023. “Ethnologue:
Languages of the World”. 〈[URL]〉 (accessed 25
July 2023).
Eisenstein, Miriam, and Jean Bodmann. 1986. “‘I
Very Appreciate’: Expressions of Gratitude by Native and Non-Native Speakers of American
English”. Applied
Linguistics 71: 167–185.
. 1993. “Expressing
Gratitude in American English”. In Gabriele Kasper, and Shoshana Blum-Kulka, eds. Interlanguage
Pragmatics. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 64–81.
Fuchs, Robert, Ulrike Gut, and Taiwo Soneye. 2013. “‘We
just don’t even know’: The Usage of the Pragmatic Focus Particles even and still in Nigerian
English”. English
World-Wide 341: 123–145.
Funke, Nina. 2022. “Pragmatic
Nativisation of Thanking in South Asian Englishes”. World
Englishes 411: 136–150.
Gumperz, John J., and Jenny Cook-Gumperz. 1982. “Introduction:
Language and the Communication of Social Identity.” In John Gumperz, ed. Language
and Social Identity. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1–21.
Gut, Ulrike. 2004. “Nigerian
English: Phonology”. In Bernd Kortmann, Edgar Schneider, Kate Burridge, Rjaned Mesthrie, and Clive Upton, eds. A
Handbook of Varieties of English. Amsterdam: De Gruyter Mouton, 813–830.
. 2005. “Nigerian
English Prosody”. English
World-Wide 261: 153–177.
Gut, Ulrike, and Robert Fuchs. 2013. “Progressive
Aspect in Nigerian English”. Journal of English
Linguistics 411: 243–267.
Gut, Ulrike, and Foluke O. Unuabonah. 2022. “Requesting
Strategies in Nigerian and British English: A Corpus-Based
Approach”. In Moses Ekpenyong, and Imelda Udoh, eds. Current
Issues in Descriptive Linguistics and Digital
Humanities. Singapore: Springer VDI Verlag, 687–696.
Hall, Edward, and Mildred Hall. 1990. Understanding
Cultural Differences: Germans, French and
Americans. Yarmouth: Intercultural Press.
Igboanusi, Herbert, and Hans-Georg Wolf. 2009. “The
Role of Ethnically Mixed Marriages in Language Shift: A Case Study of Nigeria’s Minority
Languages”. Sociolinguistic
Studies 31: 451–464.
Ito, Riko, and Sali Tagliamonte. 2003. “Well
Weird, Right Dodgy, Very Strange, Really Cool: Layering and Recycling in
English Intensifiers”. Language in
Society 321: 257–279.
Jautz, Sabine. 2013. Thanking
Formulae in English: Explorations Across Varieties and
Genres. Philadelphia: Benjamins.
Jibril, Munzali. 1986. “Sociolinguistic
Variation in Nigerian English”. English
World-Wide 71: 147–174.
Mustapha, Abolaji S. 2011. “Compliment Response Patterns
Among Speakers of Nigerian English”. Journal of
Pragmatics 431: 1335–1348.
Odebunmi, Akin. 2015. “Omoluabi”. In Jan-Ola Östman, and Jef Verschueren, eds. Handbook
of Pragmatics. Amsterdam: John Benjamins, 1–20.
Ogiermann, Eva. 2018. “Discourse
Completion Tasks”. In Andreas Jucker, Klaus Schneider, and Wolfram Bublitz, eds. Methods
in Pragmatics. Berlin: De Gruyter Mouton, 229–255.
Oladipupo, Rotimi, and Foluke O. Unuabonah. 2021. “Extended
Discourse-Pragmatic Usage of Now in Nigerian English”. World
Englishes 401: 371–389.
Olajubu, Oyeronke. 2001. “The
Influence of Yoruba Command Language on Prayer, Music and Worship in African
Christianity”. Journal of African Cultural
Studies 141: 173–180.
Schauer, Gila A., and Svenja Adolphs. 2006. “Expressions
of Gratitude in Corpus and DCT Data: Vocabulary, Formulaic Sequences, and
Pedagogy”. System 341: 119–134.
Schneider, Edgar W. 2003. “The Dynamics of New Englishes:
From Identity Construction to Dialect
Birth”. Language 791: 233–81.
Schneider, Klaus. 2012. “Pragmatic
Variation and Cultural Models”. Review of Cognitive
Linguistics 101: 346–372.
. 2021. “Variational
Pragmatics”. In Michael Haugh, Dániel Z. Kádár, and Marina Terkourafi, eds. The
Cambridge Handbook of
Sociopragmatics. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 663–686.
Schneider, Klaus, and Anne Barron. 2008. “Where
Pragmatics and Dialectology Meet: Introducing Variational
Pragmatics”. In Klaus Schneider, and Anne Barron, eds. Variational
Pragmatics: A Focus on Regional Varieties in Pluricentric
Languages. Amsterdam: John Benjamins, 1–32.
Schröder, Anne, and Klaus P. Schneider. 2018. “Variational
Pragmatics, Responses to Thanks, and the Specificity of English in Namibia”. English
World-Wide 391: 338–363.
. 2021. “A
Variational Pragmatic Approach to Responses to Thanks in Namibian English: From Quantitative to Qualitative
Analysis”. In Anne Schröder, ed. The
Dynamics of English in Namibia: Perspectives on an Emerging
Variety. Amsterdam: Benjamins, 195–215.
Taiwo, Rotimi. 2009. “The
Functions of English in Nigeria from the Earliest Times to the Present Day”. English
Today 251: 3–10.
Udofot, Inyang. 2003. “Stress
and Rhythm in the Nigerian Accent of English”. English
World-Wide 241: 201–220.
Unuabonah, Foluke O., Folajimi Oyebola, and Ulrike Gut. 2021. “‘Abeg
na! We Write so Our Comments can be Posted!’ Borrowed Nigerian Pidgin Pragmatic Markers in Nigerian
English”. Pragmatics 311: 455–481.
Unuabonah, Foluke O., and Rotimi Oladipupo. 2021. “Bilingual
Pragmatic Markers in Nigerian English”. World
Englishes 401: 390–406.
Cited by (3)
Cited by three other publications
Oladipupo, Rotimi Olanrele & Tinuade Onabamiro
2025. Primary-stress placement in Nigerian L1 English. English World-Wide. A Journal of Varieties of English 46:1 ► pp. 28 ff.
Unuabonah, Foluke & Ulrike Gut
This list is based on CrossRef data as of 9 december 2025. Please note that it may not be complete. Sources presented here have been supplied by the respective publishers. Any errors therein should be reported to them.
