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Article published In: English World-Wide
Vol. 41:2 (2020) ► pp.225–254

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The bike, the back, and the boyfriend

Confronting the “definite article conspiracy” in Canadian and British English

 | KU Leuven
 | University of Toronto
Published online: 9 June 2020
DOI logo with link
https://doi.org/10.1075/eww.00047.gar
Abstract
Using comparative sociolinguistic methods, we probe the underlying mechanisms governing the variation between possessive determiners, my bike, and the definite article, the bike, in possessive contexts in two mainstream English varieties (Canadian and British English, N = 6,217). Results indicate the is stable and pervasive, occurring approximately 30 percent of the time with personal domain possessed nouns. For some nouns, e.g. dog and cat, the occurs over 75 percent of the time. The Canadian Oxford Dictionary records possessive the as chiefly British, while Quirk et al. (Quirk, Randolf, Sidney Greenbaum, Geoffrey Leech, and Jan Svartik. 1985. A Comprehensive Grammar of the English Language. London: Longman.Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar: 271–272) observe that only low-status men use it; however, we find no difference between the UK and Canada, nor a significant gender or education effect in either dataset. When we model the variation between forms according to conceptions of ownership, we find an underlying system for encoding communal possession that transcends social categories and dialect: the more that possession is communal, the more the is used.
Article outline
  • 1.The “definite article conspiracy”
  • 2.Descriptive and prescriptive English language references
  • 3.Possession and definiteness across Indo-European languages
    • 3.1Typology
    • 3.2Personal domain and prototypical possession
  • 4.Data and method
  • 5.Results
    • 5.1Frequency and time
    • 5.2Style or register/users
    • 5.3Possessum
    • 5.4Syntactic position
    • 5.5Possessor grammatical person
    • 5.6Statistical analyses
      • 5.6.1Random forest analysis
      • 5.6.2Regression analysis
  • 6.Discussion
    • 6.1Communal possession
  • 7.Conclusion
    • 7.1New description
  • Acknowledgments
  • Notes
  • Sources
  • References
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